scholarly journals Performance evaluation of Photovoltaic Panels by a Proposed Automated System Based on Microcontrollers

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1A) ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Mustafa Q. Ali ◽  
Monaf S. Tapou ◽  
Hayder A. Dhahad
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Performance Standard ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Power Point ◽  
High Degree

In this paper, an automated test setup for PV panels using LabVIEW and several microcontrollers (µCs) based embedded systems has been designed, tested, and implemented. This PV testing system has been characterized as fully automated and the only human intervention required is to install the PV panel and to set the required testing conditions. Several PV panels were evaluated and tested, the obtained results showed a high degree of accuracy and conformity with several testing schemes that have been carried out numerically, manually and manufacturer specifications. The designed system is characterized by a high-performance standard with accuracy, precision, and resolution (9 mV / 1.8 mA) that is good enough to test any PV panel of 12 V and 24 V rating. This system can test and calculate the maximum power point for any PV panel operating at any given working condition by applying different amounts of solar irradiance from 0 W/m2 to 1000 W/m2 to simulate the amount of solar irradiation at any time and everywhere on earth. This system also mimics the environment temperature by providing ambient temperature ranged from 0 °C to 50 °C to simulate the variation of weather around the year.

Comparison between Seven MPPT Techniques Implemented in a Buck Converter

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 476-486
Author(s):  
Lahcen El Mentaly ◽  
Abdellah Amghar ◽  
Hassan Sahsah
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Buck Converter ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Power Point

Background: The solar field on our planet is inexhaustible, which favors the use of photovoltaic electricity which generates no nuisance: no greenhouse gases, no waste. Methods: It is a high value-added energy that is produced directly at the place of consumption through photovoltaic (PV) solar panels. Notwithstanding these advantages, the maximum power depends strongly on solar irradiation and temperature, which means that a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller must be inserted between the PV panel and the load in order to follow the Maximum Power Point (MPP) continuously and in real time. In this work, MPP’s behavior was simulated at different temperatures and solar irradiations using seven techniques which identify the MPP by different methods. Results: The novelty of this work is that the seven MPPT methods were compared according to a very selective criterion which is the MPPT efficiency as well as a purely digital duty cycle control without using the PI controller. The simulation under the PSIM software shows that the FLC, TP, FSCC, TG, HC and IC methods have almost the same efficiency of 99%, whereas the FOCV method had a low efficiency of 96%. Conclusion: This makes it possible to conclude that the best methods are FLC, HC and IC because they use fewer sensors compared to the rest.

scholarly journals Real-Time Experimental Assessment of a New MPPT Algorithm Based on the Direct Detection of the Short-Circuit Current for a PV System

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 598-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.B. Nzoundja Fapi ◽  
◽  
P. Wira ◽  
M. Kamta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Power Point

To substantially increase the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) systems, it is important that the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) system has an output close to 100%.This process is handled by MPPT algorithms such as Fractional Open-Circuit Voltage (FOCV), Perturb and Observe (P&O), Fractional Short-Circuit Current (FSCC), Incremental Conductance (INC), Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) and Neural Network (NN) controllers. The FSCC algorithm is simple to be implemented and uses only one current sensor. This method is based on the unique existence of the linear approximation between the Maximum Power Point (MPP) current and the short-circuit current in standard conditions. The speed of this MPPT optimization technic is fast, however this algorithm needs to short-circuit the PV panel each time in order to obtain the short circuit current. This process leads to energy losses and high oscillations. In order to improve the FSCC algorithm, we propose a method based on the direct detection of the shortcircuit current by simply reading the output current of the PV panel. This value allows directly calculating the short circuit current by incrementing or decrementing the solar irradiation. Experimental results show time response attenuation, little oscillations, power losses reduction and better MPPT accuracy of the enhanced algorithm compared to the conventional FSCC method.

scholarly journals Design of DC/DC Boost Converter for Photovoltaic Systems Applications 

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Boost Converter ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Stochastic Variation ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Power Point

Renewable energy sources are growing rapidly and becoming an essential part of the national electricity system. The photovoltaic (PV) system is considered an appropriate option due to its advantages over traditional fossil energy sources. However, this energy source is affected by the stochastic variation of irradiance parameters and environment temperature, etc. Therefore, improving the efficiency of this PV system is always an interesting topic to scientists and many researches. This paper focuses on studying and designing DC/DC boost converter with integrated the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm using a hybrid method. The method of finding the maximum power point is developed based on many modern algorithms. Design equipment is analyzed, evaluated and gave positive results with high performance.

scholarly journals Microcontroller based maximum power point single axis Tracking System

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafiz Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Radiation Intensity ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Solar Radiation Intensity ◽  
Power Point

Positioning a photovoltaic (PV) panel in the plane of maximum irradiation can increase the power output up to 57%. An automatic microcontroller based system for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) was designed and analyzed. The system was based on positioning the PV panel perpendicular to the solar irradiation. Photosensors were used to measure the difference of solar radiation intensity among three planes. The tracking system used an 8051 microcontroller to control a stepper motor which rotated the panel towards the plane with highest radiation intensity. The MPPT system was found to be 25.9% more effective in capturing solar power than a fixed panel with the same rating. This system would be useful to increase the power output of currently operating solar panels with minor modifications in mounting. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(4), 427-432, 2012 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i4.4689

Comparison of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Algorithms to Control DC-DC Converters in Photovoltaic Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Samady Shadlu
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Extremum Seeking ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Power Point

Background: Using the solar energy by photovoltaic arrays is constantly increasing and has been considered as one of the cleanest sources of energy in recent years. One of the ways to reduce the cost of photovoltaic systems is to maximize the power delivered to the load. On the other hand, changing the load leads to change the operating point of the solar conversion system and causes deviation from the maximum power point (MPP). Methods: For this reason, in various research studies, attention has been paid to MPPT methods applicable in photovoltaic systems. In this paper, a comparison is performed between conventional MPPT methods including Perturb and Observe (P&O), Incremental Conductance (INC), Fractional Open Circuit Voltage (FOCV), Ripple Correlation Control (RCC) and Extremum Seeking Control (ESC). Only current and voltage parameters of the PV panel are measured instantly and used to generate control signals. However, the output voltage of the PV cells is relatively low without using the DC-DC converters. Results: Therefore, high-performance DC-DC converters need to convert the low voltage PV arrays into high DC voltages to handle the 220 VAC systems. Conclusion: Accordingly, in this study, conventional DC-DC converters including Boost, Buck and Buck-Boost converters are investigated, and each of them is simulated using different MPPT controllers and the results are compared together. It is worth noting that all of the simulations are carried out using MATLAB/Simulink.

Performance Comparision of P&O and INC MPPT Techniques for a Boost Converter in Solar Photovoltaic System

2014 ◽  
Vol 573 ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
C. Vimalarani ◽  
N. Kamaraj
Keyword(s):  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Power Point

Maximum power point tracking techniques play an important role in solar photovoltaic systems to achieve the desired output power. These techniques track maximum power from the solar panel under varying solar irradiation and cell temperature. Among these techniques, Perturb & Observe (P&O) is used by many researchers. Due to the ease of realization and Incremental conductance (INC) algorithm is widely used because of reduced oscillations around maximum power point. In this paper, MATLAB/SIMULINK tool has been used to evaluate the performance of 125W solar PV panel by using these algorithms. The performance comparison of P&O and INC techniques is made and the results exhibit the maximum power tracking from solar PV panel and well regulated output voltage across the load is achieved.

scholarly journals Analysis of a Traditional and a Fuzzy Logic Enhanced Perturb and Observe Algorithm for the MPPT of a Photovoltaic System

Algorithms ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Diogo Remoaldo ◽  
Isabel Jesus
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Rule Base ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Perturb And Observe ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Power Point

This paper presents the results obtained for the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique applied to a photovoltaic (PV) system, composed of five solar panels in series using two different methodologies. First, we considered a traditional Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm and in a second stage we applied a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) that uses fuzzy logic concepts to improve the traditional P&O; both were implemented in a boost converter. The main aim of this paper is to study if an artificial intelligence (AI) based MPPT method, can be more efficient, stable and adaptable than a traditional MPPT method, in varying environment conditions, namely solar irradiation and/or environment temperature and also to analyze their behaviour in steady state conditions. The proposed FLC with a rule base collection of 25 rules outperformed the controller using the traditional P&O algorithm due to its adaptative step size, enabling the FLC to adapt the PV system faster to changing environment conditions, guessing the correct maximum power point (MPP) faster and achieving lower oscillations in steady state conditions, leading to higher generated energy due to lower losses both in steady state and dynamic environment conditions. The simulations in this study were performed using MATLAB (Version 2018)/Simulink.

scholarly journals Fully Automated Measurement Setup for Photovoltaic Panel Performance Evaluation and Testing under LabVIEW Platform

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-150
Author(s):  
Mustafa Q. Ali ◽  
Monaf S. Tapou ◽  
Hayder A. Dhahad
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Performance Standard ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Labview Platform ◽  
The Cost

Photovoltaic (PV) devices are widely used renewable energy resources and have been increasingly manufactured by many firms and trademarks. This condition makes the selection of right product difficult and requires the development of a fast, accurate and easy setup that can be implemented to test available samples and select the cost effective, efficient, and reliable product for implementation. An automated test setup for PV panels using LabVIEW and several microcontroller-based embedded systems were designed, tested, and implemented. This PV testing system was fully automated, where the only human intervention required was the instalment of PV panel and set up of required testing conditions. The designed and implemented system was characterized by high performance standard with accuracy, precision, and resolution that is good enough to practically test any PV panel of the 12 V and 24 V ratings. In this paper, several simulations run and manually performed testing for PV panels were done to verify the automatically obtained results and those were found to be of good conformity (-3% difference with simulation results, 0.01% with manually taken results).

scholarly journals Influence of Parasitic Resistances on the Input Resistance of Buck and Boost Converters in Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Systems

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1464
Author(s):  
Marcin Walczak ◽  
Leszek Bychto
Keyword(s):  
Input Resistance ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Boost Converters ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Power Point

DC/DC converters are widely used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to maximize the power drained from solar panels. As the power generated by a PV panel depends on the temperature and irradiance level, a converter needs to constantly modify its input resistance to remain at the maximum power point (MPP). The input resistance of a converter can be described by a simple equation that includes the converter load resistance and the duty cycle of the switching signal. The equation is sufficient for an ideal converter but can lead to incorrect results for a real converter, which naturally features some parasitic resistances. The goal of this study is to evaluate how the parasitic resistances of a converter influence its input resistance and if they are relevant in terms of MPPT system operation.

scholarly journals A Novel DSP-Based MPPT Control Design for Photovoltaic Systems Using Neural Network Compensator

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3260
Author(s):  
Ming-Fa Tsai ◽  
Chung-Shi Tseng ◽  
Kuo-Tung Hung ◽  
Shih-Hua Lin
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point Tracking ◽  
Irradiation Cell ◽  
Power Point ◽  
Neural Network Compensator

In this study, based on the slope of power versus voltage, a novel maximum-power-point tracking algorithm using a neural network compensator was proposed and implemented on a TI TMS320F28335 digital signal processing chip, which can easily process the input signals conversion and the complex floating-point computation on the neural network of the proposed control scheme. Because the output power of the photovoltaic system is a function of the solar irradiation, cell temperature, and characteristics of the photovoltaic array, the analytic solution for obtaining the maximum power is difficult to obtain due to its complexity, nonlinearity, and uncertainties of parameters. The innovation of this work is to obtain the maximum power of the photovoltaic system using a neural network with the idea of transferring the maximum-power-point tracking problem into a proportional-integral current control problem despite the variation in solar irradiation, cell temperature, and the electrical load characteristics. The current controller parameters are determined via a genetic algorithm for finding the controller parameters by the minimization of a complicatedly nonlinear performance index function. The experimental result shows the output power of the photovoltaic system, which consists of the series connection of two 155-W TYN-155S5 modules, is 267.42 W at certain solar irradiation and ambient temperature. From the simulation and experimental results, the validity of the proposed controller was verified.

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