scholarly journals Fully Automated Measurement Setup for Photovoltaic Panel Performance Evaluation and Testing under LabVIEW Platform

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-150
Author(s):  
Mustafa Q. Ali ◽  
Monaf S. Tapou ◽  
Hayder A. Dhahad
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Performance Standard ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Labview Platform ◽  
The Cost

Photovoltaic (PV) devices are widely used renewable energy resources and have been increasingly manufactured by many firms and trademarks. This condition makes the selection of right product difficult and requires the development of a fast, accurate and easy setup that can be implemented to test available samples and select the cost effective, efficient, and reliable product for implementation. An automated test setup for PV panels using LabVIEW and several microcontroller-based embedded systems were designed, tested, and implemented. This PV testing system was fully automated, where the only human intervention required was the instalment of PV panel and set up of required testing conditions. The designed and implemented system was characterized by high performance standard with accuracy, precision, and resolution that is good enough to practically test any PV panel of the 12 V and 24 V ratings. In this paper, several simulations run and manually performed testing for PV panels were done to verify the automatically obtained results and those were found to be of good conformity (-3% difference with simulation results, 0.01% with manually taken results).

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of Photovoltaic Panels by a Proposed Automated System Based on Microcontrollers

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1A) ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Mustafa Q. Ali ◽  
Monaf S. Tapou ◽  
Hayder A. Dhahad
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Performance Standard ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Power Point ◽  
High Degree

In this paper, an automated test setup for PV panels using LabVIEW and several microcontrollers (µCs) based embedded systems has been designed, tested, and implemented. This PV testing system has been characterized as fully automated and the only human intervention required is to install the PV panel and to set the required testing conditions. Several PV panels were evaluated and tested, the obtained results showed a high degree of accuracy and conformity with several testing schemes that have been carried out numerically, manually and manufacturer specifications. The designed system is characterized by a high-performance standard with accuracy, precision, and resolution (9 mV / 1.8 mA) that is good enough to test any PV panel of 12 V and 24 V rating. This system can test and calculate the maximum power point for any PV panel operating at any given working condition by applying different amounts of solar irradiance from 0 W/m2 to 1000 W/m2 to simulate the amount of solar irradiation at any time and everywhere on earth. This system also mimics the environment temperature by providing ambient temperature ranged from 0 °C to 50 °C to simulate the variation of weather around the year.

scholarly journals How to Implement Safe, Efficient and Cost-Effective SARS-CoV-2 Testing in Urban and Rural Schools within One Month

COVID ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-727
Author(s):  
Parastoo Kheiroddin ◽  
Magdalena Gründl ◽  
Michael Althammer ◽  
Patricia Schöberl ◽  
Linda Plail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Transfer ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Local Involvement ◽  
Working Day ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Time Required

(1) Background: With vaccination and new variants of SARS-CoV-2 on the horizon, efficient testing in schools may enable prevention of mass infection outbreaks, keeping schools safe places and buying time until decisions on feasibility and the necessity of vaccination in children and youth are made. We established, in the course of the WICOVIR (Where Is the COrona VIRus) study, that gargle-based pool-PCR testing offers a feasible, efficient, and safe testing system for schools in Germany when applied by central university laboratories. (2) Objectives: We evaluated whether this approach can be implemented in different rural and urban settings. (3) Methods: We assessed the arrangements required for successful implementation of the WICOVIR approach in a variety of settings in terms of transport logistics, data transfer and pre-existing laboratory set-up, as well as the time required to establish the set-up. (4) Results: We found that once regulatory issues have been overcome, all challenges pertaining to logistics, data transfer, and laboratory testing on different platforms can be solved within one month. Pooling and depooling of samples down to the individual test result were achievable within one working day in all settings. Local involvement of the community and decentralized set-ups were keys for success. (5) Conclusion: The WICOVIR gargle-based pool-PCR system is so robust and simple that it can be implemented within one month in all settings now or in future pandemics.

Making E-Training Cost Effective through Quality Assurance

2009 ◽  
pp. 623-631
Author(s):  
Lichia Yiu ◽  
Raymond Saner
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Corporate Learning ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Training Cost ◽  
E Learning ◽  
American Society ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost

Since the 1990s, more and more corporate learning has been moved online to allow for flexibility, just-in-time learning, and cost saving in delivering training. This trend has been evolved along with the introduction of Web-based applications for HRM purposes, known as electronic Human Resource Management (e-HRM). By 2005, 39.67% of the corporate learning, among the ASTD (American Society for Training and Development) benchmarking forum companies, was delivered online in comparison to 10.5% in 2001. E-learning has now reached “a high level of (technical) sophistication, both in terms of instructional development and the effective management of resources” in companies with high performance learning function (ASTD, 2006, p.4). The cost per unit, reported by ASTD in its 2006 State of Industry Report, has been declining since 2000 despite the higher training hours received per employee thanks to the use of technology based training delivery and its scalability. However, the overall quality of e-learning either public available in the market or implemented at the workplace remains unstable.

Cost Drivers for 2.5D and 3D Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 000334-000346
Author(s):  
Chet Palesko ◽  
E. Jan Vardaman ◽  
Alan Palesko
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Models ◽  
Network Systems ◽  
Cost Drivers ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
Silicon Vias ◽  
The Cost ◽  
3D Applications

2.5D and 3D applications using through silicon vias (TSVs) are increasingly being considered as a packaging alternative. Miniaturization and high performance product requirements are driving this move – even though in many cases the cost of both 2.5D and 3D is still high. The primary applications for 2.5D interposers with TSVs are GPUs/CPUs, high-end ASICs, and FPGAs. Adoption for FPGAs has already started. The key to the performance gains in recently introduced FPGAs is the partitioning of an FPGA die into four “slices” that are mounted on a silicon interposer or what Xilinx calls its Stacked Silicon Interconnect technology. Applications for interposers include tablets, gaming, and high-end computing and network systems. The drivers are mainly partitioning large die, integrating single chips into a module, reducing die size where substrate density is the constraint, and using the interposer to minimize the stress on large die that are fabricated with extra-low-k (ELK) dielectrics. The primary applications for 3D solutions are stacked memory cubes and memory plus logic. The true 3D nature of stacking all active silicon allows better miniaturization, but yield issues can quickly drive the cost unacceptably high. This analysis examines the cost drivers for 2.5D and 3D applications. Activity based cost models will be used to analyze the complete cost of fabricating and assembling active die on a silicon interposer and active die stacking on other active die. Total product cost impact - not just the cost of a specific activity - is the focus of this analysis. Since yields play a major role in cost, a sensitivity analysis of the different yields including die yield before wafer probe, die yield after wafer probe, TSV yield, interposer yield, assembly yield, substrate yield, etc. will be presented. The critical yield points in the manufacturing flow and dominant activity cost drivers (equipment, material, and /or labor) will be presented as well as suggested minimum thresholds for 2.5D and 3D technology to be a cost effective technology.

Development of a Telemedicine and Distance Learning Network in Rural Eastern North Carolina

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Kesler ◽  
David Balch
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Telemedicine Service ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
Telemedicine Consultation ◽  
Network Costs ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Education Network ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Eastern North Carolina

A telemedicine service was established between the East Carolina University (ECU) School of Medicine in Greenville and the Central Prison in Raleigh, about 160 km away. Based on the first two years' experience of providing a prison telemedicine service, a medical education network was set up, linking the School of Medicine to health institutions in Ahoskie, approximately 160 km away, and Jacksonville, approximately 145 km away. At about the same time, a telemedicine network was installed linking the ECU to two rural hospitals, the Roanoke-Chowan Hospital in Ahoskie, and the Martin General Hospital in Williamston, both approximately 75 km away. Although it was a demonstration project, the prison telemedicine service was thought to be cost-effective. The cost of transporting a patient from prison for medical care was estimated to be $700. In comparison, a telemedicine consultation cost about $70, excluding the equipment and network costs. During the first 33 months of operation there were over 400 telemedicine consultations carried out in eastern North Carolina. The majority were dermatology consultations, with neurology and gastroenterology being next most frequent.

Approaches to the Design and Processing of Novel Titanium Alloys

2007 ◽  
Vol 29-30 ◽  
pp. 127-130
Author(s):  
Colleen J. Bettles ◽  
Rimma Lapovok ◽  
H.P. Ng ◽  
Dacian Tomus ◽  
Barry C. Muddle
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Powder Processing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Shape Processing ◽  
New Processing ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Processing Techniques

The range of commercial titanium alloys available is currently extremely restricted, with one alloy (Ti-6Al-4V), and derivatives of it, accounting for a very large proportion of all applications. High performance alloys are costly to fabricate and limited to low-volume applications that can sustain the cost. With the emergence of new processing technologies that promise to reduce significantly the cost of production of titanium metal, especially in powder form, there is an emerging imperative for cost-effective near net shape powder processing techniques to permit the benefit of reduced metal cost to be passed on to higher-volume applications. Equally, there is a need for the design and development of new alloys that are intrinsically low-cost and lend themselves to fabrication by novel cost-effective net shape processing. The approaches that might be used to select, design and process both conventional alloys and novel alloy systems will be reviewed, with a focus on innovation in design of low-cost alloys amenable to new processing paths and increasingly tolerant of variability in composition.

A Novelty Control Strategy for the Photovoltaic Supercapacitor and Battery Hybrids Storage System

2011 ◽  
Vol 301-303 ◽  
pp. 1522-1527
Author(s):  
Yi Yuan ◽  
Mohamed Machmoum ◽  
Salvy Bourguet ◽  
Nicolas Amelon
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Power Product ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Large Burst ◽  
Reasonable Energy

Most photovoltaic (PV) systems can supply continuous energy by using storage applications. Generally, the battery is employed for finishing this aim. The expense of the battery occupies a large part in the whole PV system. However, the constant variations of both photovoltaic panel power product and load power demand reduce the life of the battery. At the same time, for providing several large burst power demands generated by the motor based application startup, the sizing of battery should be enlarged. Both of them increase the cost of the PV system. Therefore, supercapacitor is integrated into this system. With a reasonable energy control strategy among the PV panel, supercapacitor and battery, the battery’s life could be prolonged and its size can be reduced. A PV system with hybrid storage applications is established in the Matlab/Simulink. Two different loads and weather situations are used to prove the efficiency of this control strategy.

scholarly journals A PRACTICAL HYDROPONIC SYSTEM FOR USE IN PLANT NUTRITION STUDIES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 670d-670
Author(s):  
Larry S. Kennedy ◽  
William B. Beavers ◽  
Carl E. Sams
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Nutrient Distribution ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Rooting Medium ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Cost

A common problem of researchers concerned with micronutrient plant nutrition is the development of a reliable and affordable experimental system. If nutrient distribution is uneven or subject to outside contamination, then the time and resources dedicated to a project will have been wasted. We have devised a dependable and cost effective nutrient distribution system which has many practical applications. This design is relatively maintenance free, easily adaptable to existing greenhouse conditions and limits the possibility of outside contamination. Using perlite as the rooting medium, our system is constructed of easily obtainable hardware and mechanical components. The total material cost of our system, which included three nutrient treatments, was approximately $800. This resulted in a conservative estimate of $12.50 per plant in our particular study. However, the cost of a larger experiment would be reduced considerably since additional replications could be added at approximately $2.00 each. The experimental set-up is described along with the initial cost analysis.

scholarly journals Facile Synthesis of Coral Reef-Like ZnO/CoS2 Nanostructure on Nickel Foam as an Advanced Electrode Material for High-Performance Supercapacitors

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4925
Author(s):  
Ikkurthi Kanaka Durga ◽  
Kummara Venkata Guru Raghavendra ◽  
Naga Bhushanam Kundakarla ◽  
Suresh Alapati ◽  
Jin-Woo Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Nickel Foam ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrothermal Route ◽  
Binder Free ◽  
Crystalline Nature ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Morphology Of Surface

Nanocomposite electrodes receive much attention because of their excellent energy storage nature. Electrodes for supercapacitors have come a major source of interest. In this pursuit, the current work elucidates binder-free coral reefs resembling ZnO/CoS2 nanoarchitectures synthesized on the surface of Ni foams employing the cost-effective hydrothermal route. The Zno/CoS2 nanocomposite demonstrated excellent battery-type behavior, which can be employed for supercapcitor application. Various analyses were carried out in the current study, such as X-ray diffraction and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, which allowed defining the crystalline nature and morphology of surface with ZnO/CoS2 nanoarchitectures. Electrochemical measures such as cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge discharge, and potentiostatic impedance spectroscopy confirmed the battery-type behavior of the material. The synthesized precursors of binder-free ZnO/CoS2 nanostructures depicted an excellent specific capacity of 400.25 C·g−1 at 1 A·g−1, with a predominant cycling capacity of 88. 2% and retention holding of 68% at 10 A·g−1 and 2 A·g−1, even after 4000 cycles, representing an improvement compared to the pristine ZnO and CoS2 electroactive materials. Therefore, the electrochemical and morphological analyses suggest the excellent behavior of the ZnO/CoS2 nanoarchitectures, making them promising for supercapacitors.

A reality based cost-benefit analysis of high performance residences: Part II

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 630-649
Author(s):  
Eric Wilson ◽  
Phalguni Mukhopadhyaya ◽  
Kevin Pickwick ◽  
Terry Bergen
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Performance Standard ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Research Initiative ◽  
Home Buyer ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Energy Advantage

This research initiative attempts to determine, from real construction cost estimates, the cost challenge and expected payback period associated with building a high-performance residence in Victoria, BC. This was accomplished through: a simulated tendering process with local contractors, an energy analysis of a case-study residence (Part I of this research initiative), and an in-depth study into the variables governing time-to-amortization. The contractors provided quotes for an as-built “above code” residence (ACR), and a “minimum-code” residence (MCR) with the same floor plan (Note: The as-built above-code residence was not built or designed to any specific performance standard; however, it was found in Part I of this research initiative that when compared to the new BC Step code that it performed at a step 3 designation, bordering on step 4 performance). The results of the tendering process were then compared to the as-built construction costs of the residence. When compared to the MCR, it was found that the ACR has a cost challenge of approximately 22.5%, an energy advantage of 22.5 kWh/m2/year, and a payback period of over 79 years when a fuel inflation rate of 2% is considered. However, many of the components in the ACR assemblies were either for aesthetic appeal (metal-roofing), or comfort (floor-cavity insulation), and therefore it was possible to reduce the cost challenge to just 2.1%, while maintaining an energy advantage of 15 kWh/m2/year and step level 3 designation. This was dubbed the hybrid-residence as it employed a combination of above-code and minimum-code construction assemblies. Based on a simple mortgage increase calculation, it was found that the reduction in operational costs produced by the energy-efficiency measures for this residence services 87% of the mortgage increase taken on by the home buyer.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document