scholarly journals Between Reason and Madness

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Macedo Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Detective Fiction ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Detective Genre

This paper analyses intertextuality between two novels, Juan José Saer’s La pesquisa and Ricardo Piglia’s Blanco nocturno, in the context of detective fiction, that both writers explore in their narrative. The paper is divided in four parts: “Cruces introductorios” is an introductory form to produce connections between the most important authors of the last quarter of 20th-century Argentine; in “Primeros rastros” communicating vases are set between both poetics in detective genre; in “Subgéneros policiales” some important aspects of La pesquisa and Blanco nocturno are analysed while some differences are identified: the first work belongs to enigma novel and the last work connects with hard boiled; finally, the paper analyses Detective Morvan and Detective Croce aiming at identifying opposite pairs: intelligence and dementia, reason and madness, civilisation and barbarism. Thus, these concepts are establishing new relationships between Saer and Piglia based on their approaches to detective genre and their criticism to capitalist system.

British Detective Fiction in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Humpherys
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Detective Fiction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sherlock Holmes ◽  
Auguste Dupin ◽  
Agatha Christie ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Critical Interest

From ancient Greece on, fictional narratives have entailed deciphering mystery. Sophocles’ Oedipus must solve the mystery of the plague decimating Thebes; the play is a dramatization of how he ultimately “detects” the culprit responsible for the plague, who turns out to be Oedipus himself. In the Poetics, Aristotle defines a successful plot as one that has a conflict (which can include, and often does include, a “mystery”) that rises to a climax, followed by a resolution of the conflict, a plot line that describes not only Oedipus Rex but also every Sherlock Holmes story. A particular genre of mystery writing is defined by the mystery at the center of the story that is crucially, definitively solved by a particular person known as a detective, either private or police, who by ratiocination (close observation coupled with logical patterns of thought based on material evidence) uncovers and sorts out the relevant facts essential to a determination of who did the crime and how and why. The form of detective fiction throughout most of the 19th century was the short story published in various periodicals of the period. A few longer detective fictions were published as separate books in the 19th century, but book-length detective fiction, such as that by Agatha Christie, was really a product of the 20th century. Most critics of detective fiction see the beginning of the genre in the three stories of Edgar Allan Poe which feature his amateur detective, Auguste Dupin, and were published in the 1840s. Although Poe’s 1840s stories as well as Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes stories, which first appeared in the 1880s, are probably the most well known of 19th-century detective fictions, a number of other writers of generically recognizable detective fiction published stories in the almost fifty years between Poe and Conan Doyle, including a number that featured female detectives. Finally, from the 1890s into the early 20th century, a plethora of new detective fictions, still in short-story form for the most part, appeared not only in Britain but also in France and the United States. Detective fiction has always been popular, but serious critical interest in the genre only developed in the 20th century. In the second half of that century, this critical interest expanded into the academic world. The popularity of the genre has only continued to grow. Both detective fictions (now nearly all novel length) and critical interest in the genre from a variety of perspectives are now an international phenomenon, and detective novels dominate many best-seller lists.

scholarly journals SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND INSTITUTIONAL PRECONDITIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL SERVICES MARKET IN HIGHER EDUCATION OF UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Anatolii Lomonosov ◽  
Oksana Lomonosova ◽  
Iryna Nadtochii
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic System ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Socialist Revolution ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
Market Relations

When considering the problems of the educational services market formation and functioning in higher education, most authors attribute the emergence of this market to fundamental political and economic changes in Ukraine in the early 1990s and its transition to a market economy. This approach is limited as the market for educational services has existed before. In the process of market expansion into public spheres in Ukraine in the last decade of the 20th century, it got a generally completed form, although its formation has not yet ended and continues to transform. Over the past hundred and fifty years, the socio-economic system in Ukraine has changed three times: the second half of the 19th century – the transition from feudalism to capitalism, the beginning of the 20th century – the transition from capitalism to socialism, the beginning of the 21st century – the reverse transition from socialism to capitalism. The educational services market is one of the components of a market system of the country as a whole. The nature of socio-economic relations, of course, influenced the formation and functioning of the educational services market in higher education, which was under various factors affecting it in different socio-economic and institutional conditions. Therefore, this study considers three main historical stages of the formation of this market, each corresponding to a certain socio-economic system: - development of the educational services market in higher education of Ukraine in the late 19th-early 20th centuries at the stage of formation and rise of capitalism; - functioning of the deformed educational services market in higher education of the Ukrainian SSR after the victory of the socialist revolution and in the Soviet Union era; - widescale introduction of market relations in higher education of modern Ukraine during the period of democratic transformations, changes in the socio-economic and political system, the abandonment of socialism and the return to the capitalist system. This approach, unlike most of those presented in modern Ukrainian economic literature, covers the entire historical period, in which there was a market for educational services in Ukraine’s higher education. To ascertain the peculiarities and the characteristics of the market, at each stage the presence and development of its main elements should be determined. Those elements, as a rule, include goods, demand, supply, competition, and prices for goods or services. At all stages, the principal stimulator for the formation of the educational services market in higher education in Ukraine was the chronic underfunding of state higher education institutions. The dissatisfied demand of the population for higher education was also a significant factor in the formation and development of the educational services market. The market for educational services in higher education became developed after Ukraine had gained independence. Commercialization of educational services in higher education, the creation of private higher education institutions, the corresponding institutional transformations, and the legislative framework formation were typical for this stage. As a general scientific basis of the research, a dialectical method of analysis of socio-economic processes was applied. For the theoretical part of the study, historical-logical and abstract-logical methods were used, which allowed determining the key factors that caused the emergence of the educational services market in higher education of Ukraine, as well as to study the evolution of ideas about it. As the information base of the study, a set of legislative and normative acts of Ukraine and the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, as well as some research works of domestic and foreign scientists concerning various aspects of the formation of the educational services market in higher education were used. For quantitative assessment of the market relations spread in higher education, statistical methods were used to process both complete and selective information. The basis of our research was the data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine (from 1991 to 2017).

‘I simply write it to order’: L. T. Meade, Sisters of Sherlock, and the Strand Magazine

2019 ◽  
pp. 470-482
Author(s):  
Clare Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Print Culture ◽  
Detective Fiction ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
Male Dominated ◽  
Detective Genre

Clare Clarke’s essay illuminates the adroit professionalism of the Irish author, journalist, and editor L. T. Meade (1844–1914) in the context of the extensive catalogue of detective fiction she contributed to the Strand Magazine (1891–1950). Meade’s foray into the detective genre followed an enormously successful period of writing novels for girls, as well as a stint at editing the girls’ magazine Atalanta (1887–98). As Clarke demonstrates, this radical departure from her literary focus on girls’ print culture is indicative of Meade’s ‘market acuity, her ability to produce precisely those genres which were in demand by periodical editors–in her own terms, her ability to give a literary editor “what his public want[s]”’ (p. 474). Meade’s talent for tapping into market trends and producing copy that catered to the tastes of readers ultimately secured her position as a regular contributor in the male-dominated Strand Magazine.

FROM PERIPHERY TO CENTRE: EXPLORING GENDERED NARRATIVES IN SELECT FICTIONS OF SUCHITRA BHATTACHARYA

Ensemble ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Sagarika Rajbanshi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Detective Fiction ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Discursive Power ◽  
Detective Genre ◽  
The Web ◽  
Female Perspective ◽  
Female Experience

The issue of women empowerment breaking the boundaries of patriarchy is the locus of the narrative based on the female experience. The representation of the female perspective in a narrative constructs an alternative discursive narrative, different from that of the male narrative. And once, when the perspective is changed, the whole narrative got changed. Suchitra Bhattacharya's lady detective fiction based on detective Mitin aka Pragyaparamita Mukherjee introduces detective literature from female experience, quite unlike the conventional detective genre, exploring gendered experience in terms of intelligence and its relation with the discourse of power. These fictions encode female experience within the web of the narrative, opening the door of a new prospect towards detective literature. The lady detective literature, as it was developed, was resistance against the male narrative of the detective literature and the subverted female presentation of it. It brings forward the women agency that was previously denied by patriarchy and reconstitutes the ways of interpreting a text incorporating women in the center. The narrative establishes and celebrates the thinking capability of women negated in the male narrative. Henceforth, the argument is how and to what extent the female narrative achieves its hold over discursive power, and succeeds in bringing up a whole new thread by subverting the discursive narrative of the androgenous stratum.

4. Alienation and reification

2017 ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Stephen Eric Bronner
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Current System ◽  
Frankfurt School ◽  
Class Consciousness ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Human Control ◽  
Marxist Concept ◽  
Western Marxism ◽  
New Framework

‘Alienation and reification’ explores the concepts of alienation and reification in Karl Marx's Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, and how this affected 20th century Western Marxism. Alienation is not a uniquely Marxist concept, but Marx defined it as an inability to grasp the workings of history and subject them to human control. In the capitalist system, alienation occurs through the lack of working class consciousness, and their transformation from people into objects—their reification. The Frankfurt School saw alienation and reification as philosophical and experiential problems, but believed that trying to remedy them in the current system was pointless, and a new framework was needed to cultivate autonomy.

Asians and Asian Americans in Early Science Fiction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Detective Fiction ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Yellow Peril ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
The Invisible

This essay considers the expressive and figurative dynamics of Asians in science fiction in the early 20th century. Racial sentiment and policy in the era saw and defined Asians as “ineligible aliens” to exclude from immigration and citizenship. Asian figures expressed these dynamics in science fiction, adapting Orientalist tropes and Yellow Peril themes to the imperatives of the emergent genre. The invisible menace of villainous masterminds like Fu Manchu from crime and detective fiction were refigured as visible science fiction foes whose defeat redeemed the power and potential of science from its degenerate and dehumanizing application. Asian racial tropes aligned particularly with science fiction’s concern about extra-terrestrial life forms. While the term “alien” was not used in the period for such creatures, its later prominence expressed valences and associations, particularly with “invasion,” that Asians originally represented in the genre.

scholarly journals Detectives of Agathe Christie as a philosophy of everydayness: a postmodernist analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Sukovata ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Sherlock Holmes ◽  
Social Thinking ◽  
The World ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Agatha Christie ◽  
Detective Stories ◽  
Detective Genre

The article is devoted to the study of the detective genre as a model of philosophical cognition of the world and a system of cultural values. The goal of the article is to study how the attitude to the detective genre evolved in the academic discussions of the 20th century: transformation of status of the detective from an “entertainment genre” to the object of the philosophical reflection was the result of evolution of the philosophical paradigms from semiotics and postpositivism in the Modern epoch to postmodernism and theories of everyday thinking in the Postmodern epoch. The actuality of the article is due to insufficient study of the epistemology of the detective in the contemporary Cultural studies. The research methods of the article are based on the "archeology of knowledge" by M. Foucault and the cultural-semiotic approaches of R. Barthes and U. Eco. Author argues that although both detectives of A. Conan Doyle and Agatha Christie belong to the intellectual type of detective, they are based on different epistemological images of the world. Author of the article investigates the epistemological paradigms which the base in the detective stories of A. Conan Doyle and in the novels of Agatha Christie. The author analyzes the methodological approaches to the detective genre in the works of the leading theorists of the 20th century, including V. Shklovsky, M. Bakhtin, Z. Krakauer, U. Eco, and others. The author proposes to consider the modern detectives not only as the entertaining genre, but as a way to know various different forms of culture and traditions. The author notices that Finnish philosopher J. Hintikka has created a tradition of using the stories on Sherlock Holmes as an explanatory model of the principles of operation of artificial intelligence systems which goes back to Aristotle's logic. As a rule, the detectives in Agate Christie’s novels represent not formal logic (which prevailed in the stories about Sherlock Holmes), but searches of criminal through intuition, own life experience, knowledge of people and their typical behavior (habitués). Recognition of a criminal or a victim in the novels of Christie occurs through knowing the lifestyle of a person which becomes a source of the formation of his / her “idea”, his motives, desires and disappointments, which lead to certain decisions and actions. There concludes that A. Christie's detectives were based on the ideas of the philosophy of “everyday social thinking” (by A. Schütz) as the epistemological and culturosophical model. The author argues that the detectives of A. Conan Doyle and A. Christie are determined by different philosophical paradigms which represent the different epochs.

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