ELEMENTS OF ANTI-UTOPIA IN THE NOVEL "RADIO NIGHT" BY YU. ANDRUKHOVYCH

The article deals with the relevance of anti-utopian discourse in the twentieth century, which is considered a time of anti-utopian social thinking in view of historical reality. The study outlines the problems of transformation of the genre of anti-utopia in the postmodern era on the basis of the most notable research on the material of modern Ukrainian prose. It is emphasized that anti-utopia in the XXI century expands the boundaries of its existence as a literary genre, becoming a socio-cultural phenomenon of perception of reality. The list of characteristic features of the genre of literary anti-utopia is given. Based on the analysis of the novel "Radio Night" by Yu. Andrukhovych, the author finds out that this text contains features of both utopia and anti-utopia. The utopian thinking embodied in the work is based on an optimistic perception of the past, anti-utopianism is rooted in the area of doubt, which emphasizes the negative aspects of society and social consciousness as a result of the effect of dependence on previous development ("path dependence") or the effect of track, social inertia, when the negative attitudes that have been developed over the decades make positive progress impossible. It is noted in the article that the anti-utopian nature of the novel by Yu. Andrukhovych is manifested in the reflection of despair in the possibility of embodying the ideals of the Revolution of Dignity, illusory human freedom, the theme of confrontation to the digital sphere, determinism of human destiny, the modality of constant movement, the idea of an artificial man, the creation of a collective negative image of the state. It is stated that the fate of the hero is in the center of the plot, the attention is focused on the consequences of resistance to the system for the privacy of the average person. The article points out that the genre variety of the novel "Radio Night" testifies to the process of genre diffusion in the dynamics of genre transformations: elements of utopia evolve into elements of anti-utopia, micro-elements of science fiction genre are involved, which can be classified as included genre. The synthetic nature of the genre of the text by Yu. Andrukhovych is stated, a conclusion is made about the unfolding of a genre variety of escapic metautopia or postutopia in the novel.

The impact of social isolation and changes in work patterns on ongoing thought during the first COVID-19 lockdown in the United Kingdom

The COVID-19 pandemic led to lockdowns in countries across the world, changing the lives of billions of people. The United Kingdom’s first national lockdown, for example, restricted people’s ability to socialize and work. The current study examined how changes to socializing and working during this lockdown impacted ongoing thought patterns in daily life. We compared the prevalence of thought patterns between two independent real-world, experience-sampling cohorts, collected before and during lockdown. In both samples, young (18 to 35 y) and older (55+ y) participants completed experience-sampling measures five times daily for 7 d. Dimension reduction was applied to these data to identify common “patterns of thought.” Linear mixed modeling compared the prevalence of each thought pattern 1) before and during lockdown, 2) in different age groups, and 3) across different social and activity contexts. During lockdown, when people were alone, social thinking was reduced, but on the rare occasions when social interactions were possible, we observed a greater increase in social thinking than prelockdown. Furthermore, lockdown was associated with a reduction in future-directed problem solving, but this thought pattern was reinstated when individuals engaged in work. Therefore, our study suggests that the lockdown led to significant changes in ongoing thought patterns in daily life and that these changes were associated with changes to our daily routine that occurred during lockdown.

French Motorcyclists and the 80 km/hr Speed Limit: Conditionality and Risk-Taking with Regard to Age, Type and Power of Motorbike

After months of controversy, the speed limit on two-way secondary French roads without a median strip was reduced from 90 to 80 km/hr on 1 July 2018. Thousands of car drivers and motorcyclists have since protested against this measure, and the present study concerned the latter group. Starting from the Theory of Conditionality in the field of social thinking, which holds that prescriptions are massively conditional, a specific questionnaire based on 23 conditional scripts has been devised. A total of 661 male motorcyclists were asked about the conditions justifying the transgression of the 80 km/hr limit. Results showed that those motorcyclists who exceeded this limit did so by at least by 20 km/hr. A personalized assessment of speed, the pleasure associated with driving, and good road and weather conditions were the most conditional situations, while situations linked to the risk of loss of control were the least conditional. This study suggests that the determinants of risk-taking must be studied at the group and context levels, and that behavior is influenced by the system of social norms. Although this system may conflict with the Highway Code, it reflects an adaptation of the group linked to a need for meaning. Received: 7 July 2021 / Accepted: 12 August 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021

Assessment of Testifying Ability in Preschool Children: CAPALIST

Purpose: Interviews to obtain statements in judicial procedures need to be adapted to the witnesses’ abilities to testify. Moreover, knowing the cognitive abilities involved in testifying provides relevant criteria to assess statement credibility. As age or intelligence quotient is not enough to estimate these capabilities, an instrument to evaluate witnesses’ specific abilities to testify is needed. The present paper validates CAPALIST, a procedure that considers relevant capabilities when assessing the testimony given by children.Methods: This study analyzed, by means of an invariant measurement approach (Rasch model), four scales included in CAPALIST: language, memory, contextual information, and social thinking. In addition, gender and age differences were analyzed in 83 children [45 males and 38 females; Mage = 4.3 years, SD = 0.74, range (3.06–5.11)] from three courses in early childhood education.Results: The four scales do not severely violate the requirements of the model. The principal component analysis of the residuals indicates that the four scales are one dimensional and that the assumption of local independence was not violated. Differential item functioning of the scales associated with gender was not detected. A significant effect of the school year was obtained, with an increase in ability in successive courses. The percentage of children who presented severe misfit responses with the model was low. In addition, the number of items with a severe misfit was also low.Conclusion: An acceptable performance of CAPALIST is demonstrated for most of the scales, although items with a severe misfit must be replaced, and more difficult items have to be included in some scales of the revised version of the instrument. CAPALIST is a promising procedure to assess the abilities of children to testify in order to adapt interviews and to evaluate their statements correctly.

Methods of teaching prose translation

Translation is one of the most important forms of interethnic communication. But its creative nature, its art of reproduction, does not change. The scope and development of translation depends on the level of enlightenment of each nation and, in turn, has an effective impact on the social thinking of the nation.Translation is not only a bridge of friendship in the history of mankind, but also a broad path to culture and enlightenment. Translation is a difficult but interesting art. What a pleasure it is to translate a work of art created in a language that is foreign to us into our own language, to create an artistic idea. This article describes methods of translation of prose, and translation theory.

Social Thinking is for Doing: The Posterior Cerebellum Supports Prediction of Social Actions Based on Personality Traits

Can we predict the future by reading others´ minds? This study explores whether attributing others’ personality traits facilitate predictions about their future actions and the temporal order of these future actions. Prior evidence demonstrated that the posterior cerebellar Crus is involved in identifying the temporal sequence of social actions and the person’s traits they imply. Based on this, we hypothesized that this area might also be recruited in the reverse process, that is, knowledge of another person’s personality traits supports predictions of temporal sequences of others’ actions. In this study, participants were informed about the trait of a person, and then had to select actions that were consistent with this information and arrange them in the most likely temporal order. As hypothesized, the posterior cerebellar Crus 1 and 2 were strongly activated when compared to a control task which involved only the selection of actions (without temporal ordering) or which depicted non-social objects and their characteristics. Our findings highlight the important function of the posterior cerebellar Crus in the prediction of social action sequences in social understanding.

Financial organizations development in conditions of economic transformation

The paper examines financial organizations development in the context of economic transformation. The author considers a theoretical understanding the determinants of financial organizations development and the features of their impact on organizations. The paper also presents the study of changing social thinking and people's behavior in new economic conditions. It is shown in a certain period of time determinants did not perform their functions, which is an important reason for current problems. Based on the analysis the author concluded about the further directions of Russian financial organizations development.

The Construction of a Hegemonic Social Representation

The present paper discusses how climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic can be read as two facets of a Hegemonic Social Representation (HSR) under construction, the representation of survival, reshaping other hegemonic, socially shared representations in the Western culture such as Science, Politics/Democracy, and Nature, on an unprecedented scale. A HSR is proposed in this paper as a useful tool to conceptualize major changes in social thinking, at the interface of individual and collective dynamics. A HSR is defined as the crystallization of a meaning-complex on what is valuable and vital for a community, generating competing for social identities, practices, and social policies. The paper revisits the concept initiated by Moscovici and focuses on the role of competing groups, generating opposing perspectives. We argue that at this crucial point, close attention to the way in which meaning is negotiated across a series of key elements of the HSR of survival will help better informing communication and action concerning climate change.

Law and Social change: An Analytical Study

There are two sides of each coin’ similarly. Each act of any person is also, either good or bad. And it is the rule, since existence of the society; good has to be accepted and the prohibited (evil, adharma or asatya). Indian Judiciary has generally been found to be alive to the needs of change happening in social thinking. By giving due consideration to the same while interpreting statutes in particular cases, the courts have brought out their fresh implications and thereby added new dimensions to the law. It is correct that law is an instrument of social change, law changes its shape according to the requirement of society or society changes the law through enactment of statues. In India, every session of Parliament and State Legislature introduces the Bills to amend the Act s(s) or enact Act(s). On the other hand, where, any question of facts comes before the court, judiciary’ (especially higher judiciary) is interpreting the law according to the requirement of society. The dialectic of the legal system in India, with its entrenched “multiplex of social structures” on the one hand and its multiplicity of indigenous, colonial, and developmental traditions on the other, is tremendously complex. The significant element in the interaction between law and society in India is the heavy burden on these multiple traditions and the social concerns and orientations of each.