scholarly journals Risk assessment of a solar attack according to ISO 31000 standard

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Lavrnić ◽  
Ana Bašić ◽  
Dejan Viduka
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Power Outage ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Iso 31000 ◽  
Solar Storms ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Energy supply remains the greatest challenge for many of Eastern European countries and their economy. In post-soviet and ex-Yugoslavian countries, till today there exists a system where some of the power plants rely on high voltage (HV) and medium voltage (MV) power grids in the process of distribution of electric energy (EE) to final consumers. This makes them vulnerable to solar storms due to HV power transformers which are especially sensitive to geomagnetic induced current (GIC). The acquisition of electrical power infrastructure could put the electrical infrastructure out of service from a couple of months to a year or more. Loss of income, for ordinary families, is a primary hazard of a long power outage. Business continuity of industry and other critical infrastructures (CI) is important in this scenario, but it is a significant challenge for small businesses and enterprises as well. This paper introduces ISO 31000 standard to such scenarios with the primary goal of achieving resilience of companies against such disaster as a new method of vial response to avoid scope of similar hazards.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Effects of the Arc Fault Resistance and Transient Resistance on the Overcurrent Ground Relay Protection Setting in Medium Voltage Electrical Power Lines

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Plamen Antonov Stanchev ◽  
Mediha Enver Mehmed-Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Power Transformer ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Relay Protection ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Fault Resistance ◽  
Ground Fault ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Transient Voltages

In the medium voltage electrical power lines, the most common fault is the phase to ground fault. The determining factors for selection of the neutral grounding mode of the medium voltage electrical power lines are the selectivity of the relay protection, the transient voltages during phase to ground fault, the magnitude of the fault currents, etc. The paper studies the influence of the transient resistance of phase to ground fault on the selectivity and sensitivity of the earth fault protection when the neutral of the power transformer is grounded through active resistance in medium voltage power grids.

scholarly journals A Lightweight Scheme to Authenticate and Secure the Communication in Smart Grids

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israa Aziz ◽  
Hai Jin ◽  
Ihsan Abdulqadder ◽  
Zaid Hussien ◽  
Zaid Abduljabbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grids ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Authentication Mechanism ◽  
Computational Overhead ◽  
Automation Equipment ◽  
Lightweight Authentication

Self-reconfiguration in electrical power grids is a significant tool for their planning and operation during both normal and abnormal conditions. The increasing in employment of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs), as well as the rapid growth of the new communication technologies have increased the application of Feeder Automation (FA) in Distribution Networks (DNs). In a Smart Grid (SG), automation equipment, such as a Smart Breaker (SB), is used. Using either a wired or a wireless network or even a combination of both, communication between the Control Center (CC) and SBs can be made. Nowadays, wireless technology is widely used in the communication of DNs. This may cause several security vulnerabilities in the power system, such as remote attacks, with the goal of cutting off the electrical power provided to significant consumers. Therefore, to preserve the cybersecurity of the system, there is a need for a secure scheme. The available literature investments proposed a heavyweight level in security schemes, while the overhead was not considered. To overcome this drawback, this paper presents an efficient lightweight authentication mechanism with the necessary steps to ensure real-time automatic reconfiguration during a fault. As a first stage, authentication will be made between CC and SB, SB then sends the information about its status. To ensure the integrity of the authentication exchange, a hash function is used, while the symmetric algorithm is used to ensure privacy. The applicability of the suggested scheme has been proved by conducting security performance and analysis. The proposed scheme will be injected on ABB medium voltage breaker with the REF 542plus controller. Therefore, the probable benefit of the suggested scheme is the contribution to provide more flexibility for electrical utilities in terms of reducing the overall computational overhead and withstanding to various types of attacks, while also opening new prospects in FA of SGs.

scholarly journals Loss of the Bird Diverter Efficiency at a Medium Voltage Overhead Power Line – Example of the Aktobe Region (Republic of Kazakhstan)

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Mark V. Pestov ◽  
◽  
Til Diterich ◽  
Zhaskayrat E. Nurmukhambetov ◽  
Nurlan Kh. Ongarbayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Milvus Migrans ◽  
Black Kite ◽  
Protection Devices ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Micro Turbine

This report presents the results of survey of a 46-kilometer section of the overhead line (OHL) powering the cathodic protection of the Bukhara – Ural Gas Pipeline within the Aktobe Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 7 kilometers of this section were previously equipped with bird protection devices (BPDs), which are now totally lost due to destruction of their fastening elements. Inspection of the 46-km section of this OHL has revealed deaths of 2 eagles (Aquilasp.), 1 Common Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus), 1 Black Kite (Milvus migrans), and 3 Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus). The conclusion was made that the BPDs of this OHL needed renewal. It was also concluded that instead of OHLs laid along the pipeline route it was advisable to consider other options, including stations of cathodic protection fed from modular-packaged electrical power plants with self-contained micro-turbine units, such as used at the Beineu – Bozoy – Shymkent Gas Pipeline.

scholarly journals Leak Current Monitoring System On The Ground Cables Medium Voltage Transformer 150/20 kV

2018 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
A. Sofwan ◽  
A. Multi ◽  
R. Soleman ◽  
Sugianto ◽  
A.Kusuma Septian
Keyword(s):  
Leakage Current ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Voltage Transformer ◽  
Power Outage ◽  
Thermal Failure ◽  
Protection Relay ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Current Monitoring ◽  
T Phase

On January, 2017 there had been fault trip at PMT 150/20 kV transformer in Jatirangon substation. For fault detection, that rele differential phase T and REF 20 kV have worked to detect this fault. The resulted impact of this fault is Power outage in feeder a 1350 A, 35 MW and 5 Mvar. The cause of this fault is the occurrence of breakdown on ground cables 20kV T-phase-core 1. This results in a short circuit to the ground so that the differential protection relay and REF 20kV work because the relay detects a fault in the ptotection zone. The result of this research is the design of an early detection monitoring tool. This tool is used to determine the amount of leakage current on the ground cable in order to minimize the occurrence of interference that causes the occurrence of electrical power outage. The result of the leakage current monitor on the ground phase cable T obtained a current of 0.6A with temperature 35 °C. With thermal failure calculation method for leakage current obtained result of 0,56180A with temperature 35 °C. Comparison of the calculation with the measurement of leakage current on the ground cable T phase is obtained at 6.36%.

Passwords, pistols, and power plants: An assessment of physical and digital threats targeting Canada’s energy sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-536
Author(s):  
Casey Babb ◽  
Alex Wilner
Keyword(s):  
Security Policy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Energy Infrastructure ◽  
Physical Energy ◽  
The Many ◽  
Threat Environment

The study of energy sector security is in flux. A traditional focus on exploring the nexus between terrorism and physical energy infrastructure has given way to a new and specific emphasis on cyber attacks targeting electrical power grids. A noticeable gap in the literature exists in terms of presenting a more comprehensive assessment of the general threat environment. Our paper, and the larger project from which it stems, intends to fill this void and prompt more nuanced and empirically driven research on the topic that informs Canadian security policy. Our findings are informed by interviews conducted with American and Canadian energy sector officials, and a questionnaire carried out with energy sector companies. By examining a broader suite of disruptive threats to the energy sector, we paint a more inclusive picture of the many gateways through which the energy sector could be targeted.

Increasing the Energy Efficiency of Photovoltaic Systems Operating Under Conditions of Uneven Illumination

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonid Yuferev ◽  
Pavel Nikolaevich Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Solar Power Plants ◽  
Parallel Voltage ◽  
Selection Of

The presented research was carried out at existing solar power plants and renewable energy sources laboratories, whose purpose was to increase the energy efficiency of photovoltaic installations with parallel and mixed switching of photocells, operating under uneven illumination, parallel voltage arrays of photovoltaic modules due to voltage equalization. Experimental characteristics of photovoltaic installations with the developed device for coordinating the array of photoelectric modules (DCA), realizing a method of selection of electric energy and without its use are given. It is experimentally shown that the use of DCA increases the electrical power of the array with partial shading up to 2.6 times with partial shading. The results of the research can be used to design new photovoltaic installations and upgrade existing ones.

scholarly journals Development of a device for control of electric energy parameters in the distribution network

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-119
Author(s):  
Ivan M. Kazymov ◽  
Boris S. Kompaneets ◽  
Oleg N. Drobyazko
Keyword(s):  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Universal Device ◽  
Transmission Of Information

Background: As of today, the actual problem in the power sector is to create a device for the collection and transmission of information in networks of different voltage levels. Aim: The research presented in the framework of this article is aimed at creating a universal device intended for use in electrical networks of low and medium voltage in order to collect and transmit information about the parameters of electrical energy at the place of installation of the device. Methods: The study was performed with the use of computer modeling techniques developed electronic devices. Results: A functional diagram of the developed device is given, options for its connection to the network for various conditions and requirements are indicated, and recommendations for use are given. Conclusion: The obtained results can be used by power grid companies and industrial enterprises to analyze the condition and efficiency of power grids.

Thermal/electric energy generation and CO2 production for greenhouse facilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-151
Author(s):  
O. E. Gnezdova ◽  
E. S. Chugunkova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Injection ◽  
Electricity Rates ◽  
Traditional Patterns ◽  
Generation Power

Introduction: greenhouses need microclimate control systems to grow agricultural crops. The method of carbon dioxide injection, which is currently used by agricultural companies, causes particular problems. Co-generation power plants may boost the greenhouse efficiency, as they are capable of producing electric energy, heat and cold, as well as carbon dioxide designated for greenhouse plants.Methods: the co-authors provide their estimates of the future gas/electricity rates growth in the short term; they have made a breakdown of the costs of greenhouse products, and they have also compiled the diagrams describing electricity consumption in case of traditional and non-traditional patterns of power supply; they also provide a power distribution pattern typical for greenhouse businesses, as well as the structure and the principle of operation of a co-generation unit used by a greenhouse facility.Results and discussion: the co-authors highlight the strengths of co-generation units used by greenhouse facilities. They have also identified the biological features of carbon dioxide generation and consumption, and they have listed the consequences of using carbon dioxide to enrich vegetable crops.Conclusion: the co-authors have formulated the expediency of using co-generation power plants as part of power generation facilities that serve greenhouses.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document