scholarly journals Shape Deformation in the Brainstem of Medication-Naïve Female Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-474
Author(s):  
Kwan Woo Choi ◽  
Soonwook Kwon ◽  
Sung-Bom Pyun ◽  
Woo-Suk Tae
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Subcortical Region ◽  
Cerebellar Peduncles ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Scanning ◽  
Subcortical Regions

Objective Although neuroimaging studies have shown volumetric reductions, such as the anterior cingulate, prefrontal cortices, and hippocampus in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), few studies have investigated the volume of or shape alterations in the subcortical regions and the brainstem. We hypothesized that medication-naïve female adult patients with MDD might present with shape and volume alterations in the subcortical regions, including the brainstem, compared to healthy controls (HCs).Methods A total of 20 medication-naïve female patients with MDD and 21 age-matched female HCs, underwent 3D T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance scanning. We analyzed the volumes of each subcortical region and each brainstem region, including the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. We also performed surface-based vertex analyses on the subcortical areas and brainstem.Results Female patients with MDD showed non-significant volumetric differences in the subcortical regions, whole brainstem, and each brainstem region compared to the HCs. However, in the surface-based vertex analyses, significant shape contractions were observed in both cerebellar peduncles located on the lateral wall of the posterior brainstem [threshold-free cluster enhancement, corrected for family-wise error (FWE) at p<0.05] in patients with MDD.Conclusion We revealed shape alterations in the posterior brainstem in female patients with MDD.

scholarly journals Hippocampal Shape Deformation in Female Patients with Unremitting Major Depressive Disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.S. Tae ◽  
S.S. Kim ◽  
K.U. Lee ◽  
E.C. Nam ◽  
J.W. Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Shape Deformation ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Female Patients

Increased pregenual anterior cingulate glucose and lactate concentrations in major depressive disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ernst ◽  
A Hock ◽  
A Henning ◽  
E Seifritz ◽  
H Boeker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Major Depressive

Prefrontal cortex function in remitted major depressive disorder

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1219-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Nixon ◽  
P. F. Liddle ◽  
G. Worwood ◽  
M. Liotti ◽  
E. Nixon
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Recurrence Risk ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Negative Experience

BackgroundRecent models of major depressive disorder (MDD) have proposed the rostral anterior cingulate (rACC) and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) as nexus sites in the dysfunctional regulation of cognitive-affective state. Limited evidence from remitted-state MDD supports these theories by suggesting that aberrant neural activity proximal to the rACC and the dmPFC may play a role in vulnerability to recurrence/relapse within this disorder. Here we present a targeted analysis assessing functional activity within these two regions of interest (ROIs) for groups with identified vulnerability to MDD: first, remitted, high predicted recurrence-risk patients; and second, patients suffering observed 1-year recurrence.MethodBaseline T2* images sensitive to blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) contrast were acquired from patients and controls during a Go/No-Go (GNG) task incorporating negative feedback, with 1-year patient follow-up to identify recurrence. BOLD contrast data for error commission (EC) and visual negative feedback (VNF) were used in an ROI analysis based on rACC and dmPFC coordinates from the literature, comparing patientsversuscontrols and recurrenceversusnon-recurrenceversuscontrol groups.ResultsAnalysis of patients (n = 20)versuscontrols (n = 20) showed significant right dmPFC [Brodmann area (BA) 9] hypoactivity within the patient group, co-localized during EC and VNF, with additional significant rACC (BA 32) hypoactivity during EC. The results from the follow-up analysis were undermined by small groups and potential confounders but suggested persistent right dmPFC (BA 9) hypoactivity associated with 1-year recurrence.ConclusionsConvergent hypoactive right dmPFC (BA 9) processing of VNF and EC, possibly impairing adaptive reappraisal of negative experience, was associated most clearly with clinically predicted vulnerability to MDD.

scholarly journals Regionally specific alterations in functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex in major depressive disorder

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 2071-2081 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Davey ◽  
B. J. Harrison ◽  
M. Yücel ◽  
N. B. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Caudate Nucleus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Close Link

BackgroundDepression has been associated with functional alterations in several areas of the cingulate cortex. In this study we have taken a systematic approach to examining how alterations in functional connectivity vary across the functionally diverse subregions of the rostral cingulate cortex.MethodEighteen patients with major depressive disorder, aged 15 to 24 years, were matched with 20 healthy control participants. Using resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI), we systematically investigated the functional connectivity of four subregions of the rostral cingulate cortex. Voxelwise statistical maps of each subregion's connectivity with other brain areas were compared between the patient and control groups.ResultsThe depressed participants showed altered patterns of connectivity with ventral cingulate subregions. They showed increased connectivity between subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and dorsomedial frontal cortex, with connectivity strength showing positive correlation with illness severity. Depressed participants also showed increased connectivity between pregenual ACC and left dorsolateral frontal cortex, and decreased connectivity between pregenual ACC and the caudate nucleus bilaterally.ConclusionsThe results reinforce the importance of subgenual ACC for depression, and show a close link between brain regions that support self-related processes and affective visceromotor function. The pregenual ACC also has an important role, with its increased connectivity with dorsolateral frontal cortex suggesting heightened cognitive regulation of affect; and reduced connectivity with the caudate nucleus potentially underlying symptoms such as anhedonia, reduced motivation and psychomotor dysfunction.

scholarly journals Association of serum uric acid levels with suicide risk in female patients with major depressive disorder: a comparative cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Xu Chen ◽  
Jun-Hui Feng ◽  
Li-Gang Zhang ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Fu-De Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Patients

Abstract Background Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) have a high suicide risk. Some evidence suggests that uric acid (UA) may be involved in the pathophysiology of MDD. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether serum UA levels were associated with suicide risk in MDD patients. Methods One hundred four female patients with MDD (52 patients with suicide risk and 52 patients without suicide risk) and 52 healthy individuals were included in this study. The suicide risk was evaluated by Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.). Fasting serum levels of UA, as well as glucose, lipid and renal function indicators were measured. Results Serum UA levels in MDD patients with suicide risk (245.01 ± 55.44 μmol/L) were significantly lower than those in MDD patients without suicide risk (274.17 ± 72.65 μmol/L) (p = 0.017) and healthy controls (271.42 ± 55.25 μmol/L) (p = 0.030). There was no difference in serum UA levels between the MDD patients without suicide risk and healthy controls (p = 0.821). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between suicide risk and decreased serum UA levels (OR = 0.989, p = 0.010) in MDD patients. Conclusion Decreased serum UA levels were associated with suicide risk in MDD patients. Purinergic system dysfunction may be involved in the neurobiological basis of suicide risk in these patients.

scholarly journals Stratifying major depressive disorder by polygenic risk for schizophrenia in relation to structural brain measures

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1653-1662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew A. Harris ◽  
Xueyi Shen ◽  
Simon R. Cox ◽  
Jude Gibson ◽  
Mark J. Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
High Genetic Risk ◽  
Effective Diagnosis

AbstractBackgroundSubstantial clinical heterogeneity of major depressive disorder (MDD) suggests it may group together individuals with diverse aetiologies. Identifying distinct subtypes should lead to more effective diagnosis and treatment, while providing more useful targets for further research. Genetic and clinical overlap between MDD and schizophrenia (SCZ) suggests an MDD subtype may share underlying mechanisms with SCZ.MethodsThe present study investigated whether a neurobiologically distinct subtype of MDD could be identified by SCZ polygenic risk score (PRS). We explored interactive effects between SCZ PRS and MDD case/control status on a range of cortical, subcortical and white matter metrics among 2370 male and 2574 female UK Biobank participants.ResultsThere was a significant SCZ PRS by MDD interaction for rostral anterior cingulate cortex (RACC) thickness (β = 0.191, q = 0.043). This was driven by a positive association between SCZ PRS and RACC thickness among MDD cases (β = 0.098, p = 0.026), compared to a negative association among controls (β = −0.087, p = 0.002). MDD cases with low SCZ PRS showed thinner RACC, although the opposite difference for high-SCZ-PRS cases was not significant. There were nominal interactions for other brain metrics, but none remained significant after correcting for multiple comparisons.ConclusionsOur significant results indicate that MDD case-control differences in RACC thickness vary as a function of SCZ PRS. Although this was not the case for most other brain measures assessed, our specific findings still provide some further evidence that MDD in the presence of high genetic risk for SCZ is subtly neurobiologically distinct from MDD in general.

Rostral Anterior Cingulate Glutamine/Glutamate Disbalance in Major Depressive Disorder Depends on Symptom Severity

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 1049-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lejla Colic ◽  
Felicia von Düring ◽  
Dominik Denzel ◽  
Liliana Ramona Demenescu ◽  
Anton R. Lord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Major Depressive
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