SAND WATER FILTERS: A LOW-COST TREATMENT SOLUTION FOR WATER POLLUTION PROBLEMS IN RURAL REGIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol Special (June) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Kewal Gupta ◽  
Shivam Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Water Filters

Restoring and Controlling the Water Pollution of Endangered River in Bangladesh: A Case Study in Pabna City

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-81
Author(s):  
Abu Sadath ◽  
Farhana Afroz ◽  
Hosne Ara ◽  
Abdulla-Al Kafy
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Local Community ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Conservation Plan ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Riverfront Development

Rivers are the lifeline of Bangladesh economy and serve as the source of water supply, fisheries, irrigation for agriculture, low-cost transport, generate electricity and conserve biodiversity. The Ichamati River situated in Pabna, Bangladesh is also a blessing for the city. However, recently, due to the irregular and unplanned activities adjacent to the riverside, the life, flow and water quality of the river is in a vulnerable condition. This study aims to identify the present status of the Ichamati River and provide an effective design approach and policy measures in restoring the river flow and control water pollution. The data was collected from the questioner surveys, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Results suggest that several factors such as the construction of an illegal settlement, unplanned waste dumping, disposal of fiscal sludge through sewerage connection, lack of awareness among people regarding the importance of river biodiversity and absence of riverfront development and conservation plan are responsible for water pollution, inconsistent water flow and damaging the life cycle of Ichamati river. The design approach and policy measures were developed based on the perceptions of local community people, experts and government officials. The suggested policy measures will help to restore the flow of the river and reduce the water pollution, and the design approach will ensure the economic benefit of the riverfront development in future.

Low-Cost Technology for Water Pollution Control in Developing Countries

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 1337-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
G G Cillié
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Pollution Control ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
International Water ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
Local Materials

An estimated 80 % of all illnesses in developing countries is in one way or another related to water. In order to alleviate this most serious condition, the united Nations has initiated the “International Water Decade”, for which the estimated costs are $600 000 million, a sum which is far beyond any available means. By application of “low-cost technology” this sum could be reduced to $100 000 million which brings the objective within the reach of possibility. Details are given of the design and methods of construction of units which are best suited to the specific requirements and which would be simple, reliable and economical to operate. These can be constructed largely from local materials and by local labour. The need for appropriate training of both operators and the user population is stressed.

ARSENIC OCCURRENCE IN AFRICAN WATER SYSTEMS AND LOW-COST TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Filemon Irunde ◽  
◽  
Julian Ijumulana ◽  
Julian Ijumulana ◽  
Julian Ijumulana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technologies

scholarly journals Removal of Toxic Elements and Microbial Contaminants from Groundwater Using Low-Cost Treatment Options

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana A. Da’ana ◽  
Nabil Zouari ◽  
Mohammad Y. Ashfaq ◽  
Mohammed Abu-Dieyeh ◽  
Majeda Khraisheh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Groundwater Treatment ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Microbial Contaminants

Abstract Purpose of Review This paper reviews various low-cost treatment techniques such as adsorption, permeable reactive barrier, and biological techniques for the simultaneous removal of chemical and microbial contaminants from groundwater and discusses treatment mechanisms of different treatment techniques. This paper also discusses the challenges of groundwater treatment, how to choose the appropriate treatment technique, and cost analysis of groundwater treatment. Recent Findings Various treatment technologies have been used for the treatment of groundwater: physical, chemical, and biological technologies with different success rates. In the literature, various adsorbents have been successfully synthesized from low-cost and environmentally friendly materials. Adsorption is considered an efficient treatment technique for the removal of both toxic elements and pathogens by utilizing different adsorbents. For example, the nanostructures of MgO with a BET surface area of up to 171 m2/g obtained a very high adsorption capacity of 29,131 mg/g for fluoride ions in water, while the incorporation of iron in activated carbon has improved its adsorption capacity to 51.3 mg/g for arsenic. Moreover, certain adsorbents have shown the capability to remove 99% of the rotavirus and adenovirus from groundwater. Summary Groundwater resources are contaminated with toxic metals and pathogens. Therefore, water treatment technologies should be evaluated for their efficiency to remove such contaminants. Determination of the most cost-effective and efficient treatment technique is not an easy task and requires the understanding of various aspects such as the contaminants present in water, the reuse options considered, and cost analysis of the treatment technique.

scholarly journals Adjusted Unit Value Transfer as a Tool for Raising Awareness on Ecosystem Services Provided by Constructed Wetlands for Water Pollution Control: An Italian Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1531
Author(s):  
Anacleto Rizzo ◽  
Giulio Conte ◽  
Fabio Masi
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Pollution Control ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Value Transfer ◽  
Unit Value

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are nature-based solutions (NBS) for water pollution control that can also be designed to be multipurpose in terms of additional ecosystem services (ESs), such as biodiversity support and social benefits. Awareness about additional ESs of CWs can be raised with value transfer (VT) methods for ESs monetization, in particular, the simplified adjusted unit VT method. A multi-criteria analysis (MCA) was performed to compare grey and green infrastructure alternatives for the management of a combined sewer overflow in the Buccinasco town (Italy), in which the criteria related to ESs were monetized with an adjusted VT method (B£ST software). The results highlighted the potential interest in the implementation of the green infrastructure in a new urban park, due to the activation of additional ESs of interest, such as health and recreational aspects. The results were also confirmed by a sensitivity analysis, which simulated the variation of preferences among different stakeholder groups (e.g., citizens, environmentalists). In conclusion, this work provided a transparent methodology to support decisions regarding green and grey infrastructure, allowing to evaluate additional ESs from the beginning of the decision stage with low cost and efforts.

scholarly journals Variation in brief treatment for substance use disorder: a qualitative investigation of four federally qualified health centers with SBIRT services

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis P. Watson ◽  
Monte D. Staton ◽  
Michael L. Dennis ◽  
Christine E. Grella ◽  
Christy K. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Qualitative Investigation ◽  
Brief Treatment ◽  
Federally Qualified Health Centers ◽  
Implementation Quality ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Future Work

Abstract Background Brief treatment (BT) can be an effective, short-term, and low-cost treatment option for many people who misuse alcohol and drugs. However, inconsistent implementation is suggested to result in BT that often looks and potentially costs similar to regular outpatient care. Prior research is also rife with inconsistent operationalizations regarding the measurement of BT received by patients. As such, there is a need to more explicitly identify and document variations in BT practice. Methods A qualitative investigation of BT in four Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC) was undertaken as a sub study of a larger clinical trial. Researchers interviewed 12 staff (administrators and clinicians) involved in BT oversight, referral, or delivery within the four FQHCs. Data were analyzed following an inductive approach guided by the primary research questions. Results Findings demonstrate considerable differences in how BT was conceptualized and implemented within the FQHCs. This included a variety of ways in which BT was presented and described to patients that likely impacts how they perceive the BT they receive, including potentially not understanding they received substance use disorder treatment at all. Conclusions The findings raise questions regarding the validity of prior research, demonstrating more objective definitions of BT and fidelity checklists are needed to ensure integrity of results. Future work in this area should seek to understand BT as practiced among a larger sample of providers and the direct experiences and perspectives of patients. There is also a need for more consistent implementation, quality assurance guidelines, and standardized stage of change assessments to aid practitioners.

Nitrogen removal in a combined system: vertical vegetated bed over horizontal flow sand bed

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kantawanichkul ◽  
P. Neamkam ◽  
R.B.E. Shutes
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Farm Wastewater

Pig farm wastewater creates various problems in many areas throughout Thailand. Constructed wetland systems are an appropriate, low cost treatment option for tropical countries such as Thailand. In this study, a combined system (a vertical flow bed planted with Cyperus flabelliformis over a horizontal flow sand bed without plants) was used to treat settled pig farm wastewater . This system is suitable for using in farms where land is limited. The average COD and nitrogen loading rate of the vegetated vertical flow bed were 105 g/m2.d and 11 g/m2.d respectively. The wastewater was fed intermittently at intervals of 4 hours with a hydraulic loading rate of 3.7 cm/d. The recirculation of the effluent increased total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency from 71% to 85%. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) removal efficiencies were 95% and 98%. Nitrification was significant in vertical flow Cyperus bed, and the concentration of nitrate increased by a factor of 140. The horizontal flow sand bed enhanced COD removal and nitrate reduction was 60%. Plant uptake of nitrogen was 1.1 g N/m2.d or dry biomass production was 2.8 kg/m2 over 100 days.

scholarly journals Natural and Modified Clays for the Removal of Cationic Dye from Water

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 562-579
Author(s):  
Asma Behilil ◽  
Driss Lancene ◽  
Brahim Zahraoui ◽  
Meriem Belhachemi ◽  
Houcine Benmehdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Cationic Dye ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Bet Analysis ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Bet Theory

Abstract Research and scientific work continue to develop low-cost treatment processes in terms of improving water quality and environmental protection. Oxide of zinc supported in natural clay is synthesized by impregnated method. The role of this modification is to increase the adsorption capacity of a basic dye (Methylene Blue) compared with calcined and natural clays. These samples are characterized by several analytical methods, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis/Differential Thermal Analysis (TGA/TDA) and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) theory. The results show that these clays contain three phases, Sericite 2M1, Clinochlore, quartz and the presence of a new phase for the modified clay named zincite. The measured cation exchange capacity (CEC) is 9 cmolc/kg and the BET analysis shows the increase of surface area for these clays, from 9 to 30 m2 g−1. The findings show also that the impregnated clay has a better affinity than others when the kinetics data were well fitted by the pseudo-second-order. The adsorption capacities calculated using Langmuir equation of MB onto natural, calcined and impregnated clays are 154.0, 139.6 and 158.1 mg/g, respectively. The thermodynamic data showed that the adsorption of MB on these samples were exothermic. From this study, it can be concluded that these clays are efficacious materials for cationic dye removal from wastewater.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic, Inorganic and Microbial Pollutants Present in Water by Novel Materials: A Critical Review and Present Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 2251-2259
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Kuruvilla ◽  
C. Freeda Christy ◽  
A. Samson Nesaraj
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Good Method ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Living Things ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

Presently water pollution is the one of the major threats faced by living things all over the world. The main cause of water pollution is its effect on the life of aquatic animals. Organic, inorganic, microbial and other pollutants often mix with water bodies mainly due to human activities. Because of the presence of pollutants in water, the amount of dissolved oxygen level can be decreased which in turn affect the survival of aquatic life. The pollutant water may enter the agriculture fields and damage the plants extensively. The methods, such as, coagulation, adsorption, foam floating, electrodialysis, capacitive deionization, etc. are presently employed to treat the waste water. Among these methods, heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation is considered to be a good method because of its low cost and environmental friendliness. In this review, the decontamination of different kinds of organic, inorganic and microbial contaminants in water with different photocatalysts process is presented.

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