scholarly journals Effects of Daytime Blue-Enriched LED Light on Physiologic Parameters of Three Common Mouse Strains Maintained on an IVC System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
George B Voros ◽  
Robert T Dauchy ◽  
Leann Myers ◽  
Steven M Hill ◽  
David E Blask ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Nest Location ◽  
Lighting Condition ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Physiologic Parameters

Light has been a crucial part of everyday life since the beginning of time. Most recently, light-emitting diode (LED) light enriched in the blue-appearing portion of the visible spectrum (465 to 485 nm), which is more efficient in energy use, is becoming the normal lighting technology in facilities around the world. Previous reports revealed that blue-enriched LED light at day (bLAD) enhances animal health and wellbeing as compared with cool white fluorescent (CWF) lighting. We hypothesized that bLAD, compared with CWF light, has a positive influence on basic physiologic indices such as food consumption, water consumption, weight gain, nesting behavior, complete blood count, and blood chemistry profile. To test this, we allocated 360 mice into equal-sized groups by sex, strain (C3H/HeNCrl, C57BL/6NCrl, BALB/cAnNCrl), lighting conditions, and 6 blood collection time points (n = 5 mice/sex/strain/lighting condition/time point). Food consumption, water consumption, body weight, nest location, and nest type were recorded every 3 d. At the end of the study, all mice were anesthetized over a period of 1 wk and blood was collected via cardiocentesis at 6 different time points. Overall, male C3H/HeNCrl consumed more food under bLAD conditions as compared with CWF conditions; male C3H/HeNCrl had lower cholesterol levels under bLAD conditions than under CWF conditions; female BALB/cAnNCrl mice had higher serum total protein under bLAD conditions than under CWF conditions; female C57BL/6NCrl mice had higher phosphorus levels under bLAD conditions thanunder CWF conditions, and female C3H/HeNCrl mice had a higher neutrophil count under bLAD conditions as compared with CWF conditions. Although sex and strain differences were found in various physiologic parameters under bLAD as compared with CWF lighting conditions, the differences were minimal. Thus, this study suggests that for these strains of mice, bLAD and CWF are largely equivalent with regard to indices of health and wellbeing, although some differences could affect research outcomes.

scholarly journals Influence of Daytime LED Light Exposure on Circadian Regulatory Dynamics of Metabolism and Physiology in Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 350-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T Dauchy ◽  
David E Blask ◽  
Aaron E Hoffman ◽  
Shulin Xiang ◽  
John P Hanifin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Exposure ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Circadian Regulation ◽  
Light Phase ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
C3h Mice ◽  
Physiologic Parameters

Light is a potent biologic force that profoundly influences circadian, neuroendocrine, and neurobehavioral regulation in animals. Previously we examined the effects of light-phase exposure of rats to white light-emitting diodes (LED), which emit more light in the blue-appearing portion of the visible spectrum (465 to 485 nm) than do broad-spectrum cool white fluorescent (CWF) light, on the nighttime melatonin amplitude and circadian regulation of metabolism and physiology. In the current studies, we tested the hypothesis that exposure to blue-enriched LED light at day (bLAD), compared with CWF, promotes the circadian regulation of neuroendocrine, metabolic, and physiologic parameters that are associated with optimizing homeostatic regulation of health and wellbeing in 3 mouse strains commonly used in biomedical research (C3H [melatonin-producing], C57BL/6, and BALB/c [melatonin-non-producing]). Compared with male and female mice housed for 12 wk under 12:12-h light:dark (LD) cycles in CWF light, C3H mice in bLAD evinced 6-fold higher peak plasma melatonin levels at the middark phase; in addition, high melatonin levels were prolonged 2 to 3 h into the light phase. C57BL/6 and BALB/c strains did not produce nighttime pineal melatonin. Body growth rates; dietary and water intakes; circadian rhythms of arterial blood corticosterone, insulin, leptin, glucose, and lactic acid; pO2 and pCO2; fatty acids; and metabolic indicators (cAMP, DNA, tissue DNA 3H-thymidine incorporation, fat content) in major organ systems were significantly lower and activation of major metabolic signaling pathways (mTOR, GSK3β, and SIRT1) in skeletal muscle and liver were higher only in C3H mice in bLAD compared with CWF. These data show that exposure of C3H mice to bLAD compared with CWF has a marked positive effect on the circadian regulation of neuroendocrine, metabolic, and physiologic parameters associated with the promotion of animal health and wellbeing that may influence scientific outcomes. The absence of enhancement in amelatonic strains suggests hyperproduction of nighttime melatonin may be a key component of the physiology.

scholarly journals Prospective Analysis of Food Consumption and Nutritional Status and the Impact on the Dietary Inflammatory Index in Women with Breast Cancer during Chemotherapy

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isis Danyelle Dias Custódio ◽  
Fernanda de Paula Franco ◽  
Eduarda da Costa Marinho ◽  
Taísa Sabrina Silva Pereira ◽  
Mariana Tavares Miranda Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Time Point

Considering the implications of adverse effects of chemotherapy (CT) and the potential impact of diet on patients’ recovery, this study aimed to prospectively evaluate the association between the consumption of food groups, patients’ Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) scores, and their nutritional status. Anthropometric and dietary assessments of 55 women with breast cancer (BC) were performed at three time points. T0 is the time point after the first CT cycle, T1 is the time point after the intermediate CT cycle, and T2 is the time point after the last CT cycle. We identified a significant increase in weight, body mass index, and waist circumference during CT. Consumption of poultry and eggs was higher in T1 when compared to T2, while consumption of total fruit and total vegetables was higher at T0 compared to T1 and T2. The diet became more pro-inflammatory over the course of treatment (X2(2) = 61.127), and was related to higher abdominal adiposity. Total fruit (T0: R2 = 0.208, T1: R2 = 0.095, T2: R2 = 0.120) and total vegetable consumption (T0: R2 = 0.284, T1: R2 = 0.365, T2: R2 = 0.580) predicted DII® change at the three-time points. Meanwhile, consumption of total grains was significantly associated only with T1 (R2 = 0.084) and T2 (R2 = 0.118), and consumption of simple sugars was significantly associated only with T0 (R2 = 0.137) and T1 (R2 = 0.126). Changes in food consumption led to an increase in the inflammatory profile of the diet, suggesting the necessity to improve the guidelines during and after CT. These results reinforce the need to promote healthier eating practices in concert with maintaining a healthy nutritional status in women with BC treated with CT.

RESEARCH OF LIGHTING CONDITIONS BY LED LIGHT SOURCES SECOND GENERATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
O. E. Zheleznikova ◽  
S. Juma Mohammed ◽  
A. N. Mikhal’kova ◽  
S. A. Mikaeva
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Lighting Conditions

A Study of Reading Fatigue

2012 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 231-234
Author(s):  
Meng Tsung Tai ◽  
Yi Hsuan Yang ◽  
Guan Ning Zu ◽  
Yen Ju Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Led Lighting ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Printed Books

Compared to traditional printed books, digital e-book readers may cause consumers to read overtime and reading fatigue or even vision injury. Therefore, it is needed to study on reading fatigue based on different reading illuminants, i.e. under brighter, normal, dim, and LED lighting conditions, and different book content carriers, i.e. printed bond paper, Kindle, and iPad, to evaluate degrees of reading fatigue. Overall, the results showed that the reading illuminants are critical and highly affect vision fatigue; especially the LED light resulted in greater reading fatigue. Printed paper can cause less degree of fatigue or even no vision fatigue at all as long as with sufficient illuminant.

scholarly journals Active Recurrence of Lighting Condition for Fine-Grained Change Detection

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Wei Feng ◽  
Liang Wan ◽  
Fei-Peng Tian ◽  
Ping Tan
Keyword(s):  
Change Detection ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Real World ◽  
Reference Image ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Lighting Condition ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Point Light ◽  
Change Monitoring

This paper addresses active lighting recurrence (ALR), a new problem that actively relocalizes a light source to physically reproduce the lighting condition for a same scene from single reference image. ALR is of great importance for fine-grained visual monitoring and change detection, because some phenomena or minute changes can only be clearly observed under particular lighting conditions. Hence, effective ALR should be able to online navigate a light source toward the target pose, which is challenging due to the complexity and diversity of real-world lighting \& imaging processes. We propose to use the simple parallel lighting as an analogy model and based on Lambertian law to compose an instant navigation ball for this purpose. We theoretically prove the feasibility of this ALR strategy for realistic near point light sources and its invariance to the ambiguity of normal \& lighting decomposition. Extensive quantitative experiments and challenging real-world tasks on fine-grained change monitoring of cultural heritages verify the effectiveness of our approach. We also validate its generality to non-Lambertian scenes. 

scholarly journals Effect of Indoors Artificial Lighting Conditions on Computer-Based Learning Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2537
Author(s):  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Yalong Yang ◽  
Qiansheng Fang ◽  
Yufu Liu ◽  
Xulai Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Performance Measurements ◽  
Lighting Condition ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Computer Based Learning ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
High Illumination ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Computer Based

Lighting condition is essential to human performance. With the widespread use of computer-based learning, the performance measurements become difficult, and the effects of artificial lighting conditions towards the new learning forms are not investigated extensively. The current study conducts a subject-within experiment with a 45-min-long online learning along with electroencephalogram (EEG)-based measurements, and a post-interview under five lighting setups respectively (300 lx, 3000 K; 300 lx, 4000 K; 300 lx, 6500 K; 500 lx, 4000 K; 1000 lx, 4000 K). Attention is chosen as the key factor to represent the learning performance. The results show that the attention of people aged in the 20s is not affected by the experimental lighting conditions. The results also demonstrate that people in high illumination at 1000 lx are more inclined to sustain attention despite the discomfort and dissatisfaction. Taking the EEG-based attention measurements and post-interview answers into consideration, lighting conditions at 300 lx, 4000 K are the recommended set points for university architectures among the investigated conditions, providing a practical basis when adjusting the lighting standard for its advantage in energy saving.

Engaging Students and Communities Through Service Learning and Community-Academia Partnerships

2019 ◽  
pp. 84-116
Author(s):  
Marco Bardus ◽  
Christine T. Domegan ◽  
L. Suzanne Suggs ◽  
Bent Egberg Mikkelsen
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Service Learning ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Marketing Education ◽  
Learning Principles

In this chapter, the authors present cases from four teaching marketing education experiences, based on community engagement and service learning principles. The cases address environmental and social issues (i.e., waste minimization [Lebanon], food consumption [Denmark], intellectual disability [Ireland], water consumption, and plastic waste reduction [Switzerland]). This chapter stems from discussions generated during a thematic workshop the authors organized at the 3rd European Social Marketing Conference, held in Espoo, Finland, on September 22, 2016. Through these cases, the authors aim to stimulate critical reflection on the role of service learning in the broader marketing education and on the intersection between education and profession.

Do emotional responses to food images differ within different types of eating disorders?

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-133
Author(s):  
Nasim Foroughi ◽  
Sloane Madden ◽  
Simon Clarke ◽  
Michael Kohn ◽  
Brooke Donnelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Visual Analogue Scale ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Weight Restoration ◽  
Food Images

Objectives: To investigate emotional responses to food images in women with eating disorders (EDs) and healthy controls (HCs); and in underweight individuals post weight-restoration. Methods: Women (>14 years) with ( n = 139) and without ( n = 41) an ED rated food images evoking fear, disgust and happiness on a three-visual-analogue scale. Underweight participants viewed the images at two time-points; pre- and post-weight-restoration. Results: HCs were significantly happier, less fearful/anxious prior to viewing the images compared with EDs. Negative emotional responses when viewing images were significantly greater ( p < .001) in EDs compared with HCs; however, groups did not differ in happiness. Emotional responses were not significantly different within the ED groups. At post weight-restoration, individuals were significantly less anxious/disgusted when viewing the images. Conclusions: The importance of considering emotional responses when discussing food consumption in EDs trans-diagnostically is highlighted. Weight recovery reduces negative food responses, although responses remained high in comparison to HCs.

scholarly journals Can eating harder textured foods slowly influence appetite?

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Megan Wallace ◽  
Sinead Watson ◽  
Martin Schimmel ◽  
Ciaran Forde ◽  
Gerry McKenna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Interim Analysis ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Food Texture ◽  
Full Study ◽  
Oral Processing ◽  
Desire To Eat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chewing Activity

AbstractIntroductionChewing a greater number of chews per bite has been shown to increase fullness, lower hunger levels and lead to a lower energy intake, when compared to chewing each bite fewer times. Increased levels of fullness and decreased levels of hunger have also been observed after consuming harder textured foods which require more chewing activity and have a longer oro-sensory exposure time. The aim of this study was to investigate whether consumption of foods differing in texture, classified as ‘fast’ or ‘slow’ foods, combined with differences in oral processing behaviours (chewing normally or more slowly), has an impact on self-reported hunger, fullness and satiety outcomes.Materials and MethodsThis is an interim analysis of a randomised crossover experiment designed to test the impact of both oral processing behaviours and food texture on self-reported hunger, fullness and satiety. Participants consumed two breakfasts of different texture (a ‘fast’ yoghurt and fruit compote option, and a ‘slow’ granola option) twice; once at their normal rate of eating and once after being instructed to eat slowly. Measures of self-reported appetite (hunger, fullness, satiety, desire to eat and prospective food consumption) were assessed using a visual analogue scale at three time points; baseline (minimum 20 minutes before consumption), immediately pre-consumption and post-consumption. Statistical analysis was conducted in SPSS; paired sample t tests and one-way analysis of variance was conducted to measure whether change in appetite ratings between the time points differed between the four breakfast options.ResultsData were collected from 16 healthy volunteers (study aiming to recruit n = 21; mean age 32.1 y, female n = 13, 81.3%). For all four breakfast options, levels of hunger, desire to eat and prospective food consumption significantly decreased, and levels of fullness and satiety significantly increased between both baseline and post-consumption, (p < 0.05) and between pre-consumption and post-consumption (p < 0.05). However, amongst the four breakfast options, no significant differences were observed in change in these appetite measures between baseline and post-consumption and pre- and post-consumption (p > 0.05).DiscussionThis interim analysis demonstrates no differences in mean change in appetite measures for breakfast options of different texture chewed normally or more slowly. Analysis of the full study will determine the effect of oral processing behaviours and food texture on self-reported hunger, fullness and satiety outcomes.

scholarly journals Acute effects of active gaming on ad libitum energy intake and appetite sensations of 8–11-year-old boys

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (12) ◽  
pp. 2148-2155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Allsop ◽  
Caroline J. Dodd-Reynolds ◽  
Benjamin P. Green ◽  
Dorothée Debuse ◽  
Penny L. S. Rumbold
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Visual Analogue Scales ◽  
School Based ◽  
Active Gaming ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
Analogue Scales

AbstractThe present study examined the acute effects of active gaming on energy intake (EI) and appetite responses in 8–11-year-old boys in a school-based setting. Using a randomised cross-over design, twenty-one boys completed four individual 90-min gaming bouts, each separated by 1 week. The gaming bouts were (1) seated gaming, no food or drink; (2) active gaming, no food or drink; (3) seated gaming with food and drink offered ad libitum; and (4) active gaming with food and drink offered ad libitum. In the two gaming bouts during which foods and drinks were offered, EI was measured. Appetite sensations – hunger, prospective food consumption and fullness – were recorded using visual analogue scales during all gaming bouts at 30-min intervals and at two 15-min intervals post gaming. In the two bouts with food and drink, no significant differences were found in acute EI (MJ) (P=0·238). Significant differences were detected in appetite sensations for hunger, prospective food consumption and fullness between the four gaming bouts at various time points. The relative EI calculated for the two gaming bouts with food and drink (active gaming 1·42 (sem 0·28) MJ; seated gaming 2·12 (sem 0·25) MJ) was not statistically different. Acute EI in response to active gaming was no different from seated gaming, and appetite sensations were influenced by whether food was made available during the 90-min gaming bouts.

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