AEROGEOPHYSICAL RESEARCHES BY ANALYZING THE SPONTANEOUS ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSION OF THE EARTH ON THE PRIKERCHENSKIY SHELF OF THE BLACK SEA

2014 ◽  
Vol 0 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
N.P. Loyko ◽  
I.G. Zakharov ◽  
A.P. Kalashnik ◽  
D.A. Iatsiuta
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Electromagnetic Emission ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Earth

scholarly journals The configuration of the Pontus Euxinus in Ptolemy's Geography

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-51
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Shcheglov
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
North East ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Constituent Elements

Abstract. This article aims to explain how Ptolemy could have constructed a map of the Pontus Euxinus (Black Sea), as described in his Geography, under the assumption that his sources were similar to those that have come down to us. The method employed is based on the comparison of Ptolemy's data with corresponding information from other ancient sources, revealing the most conspicuous similarities and differences between them. Three types of information are considered as possible “constituent elements” of Ptolemy's map: latitudes, coastline lengths, and straight-line distances. It is argued that the latitudes Ptolemy used for the key points determining the overall shape of the Pontus (Byzantium, Trapezus, the mouth of the Borysthenes and the Cimmerian Bosporus, the mouth of the Tanais, etc.) were most likely inherited from earlier geographers (Eratosthenes, Hipparchus, and Marinus). In exactly the same way, Ptolemy's data on the circumference of the Pontus and the length of the coastal stretches between the key points (from the Thracian Bosporus to Cape Karambis, Sinope, Trapezus, and the mouth of the Phasis, etc.) closely correlate with the corresponding estimates reported by other geographers (Eratosthenes, Artemidorus, Strabo, Pliny, Arrian, and Pseudo-Arrian), which implies that Ptolemy drew on similar coastline length information. The shortening of Ptolemy's west coast of the Pontus (from the Thracian Bosporus to the mouth of the Borysthenes) relative to the corresponding distances reported by other sources is explained by his underestimation of the circumference of the Earth. The lengthening of Ptolemy's north-east Pontus coast (from the Cimmerian Bosporus to the mouth of the Phasis) can, in part, be accounted for by his attempt to incorporate the straight-line distances across the open sea reported by Pliny. Overall, Ptolemy's configuration of the Black Sea can be satisfactorily explained as a result of fitting contradictory pieces of information together that were inherited from earlier geographical traditions.

scholarly journals Chandler wobble excitation by catastrophic flooding of the Black Sea

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Spada ◽  
L. Alfonsi ◽  
E. Boschi
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Chandler Wobble ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Quaternary Glaciation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Geophysical Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Seismic Moment Release

It is now widely accepted that during the late Quaternary glaciation the Black Sea formed an isolated inland lake (Ross et al., 1970). New geological data and the recognition of sudden population movements away from the Black Sea coasts suggest that the basin was rapidly flooded through the Bosphorus sill 7150 years bp, causing a sea level rise of ~ 135 m in a few years (Ryan et al., 1997). As shown here, such a catastrophic redistribution of mass has significantly altered the amplitude of the Chandler wobble, the free motion of the pole of rotation around the main inertia axis of the Earth (Lambeck, 1980). We also estimate that during the flooding the pole of rotation was diverted from its secular path and shifted by ~ 30 m, at a rate of several meters per year. These rotational variations are found to be orders of magnitude larger than those produced by other short-term geophysical processes, such as earthquakes seismic moment release (O'Connell and Dziewonski, 1979; Chao et al.,1996), anthropogenic water impoundment (Chao, 1995), and tectonic mass movements (Alfonsi and Spada, 1998). The Black Sea flooding may thus be responsible for the most drastic change in the rotational parameters of the Earth in the recent history of our planet.

scholarly journals Processing and assimilation of observation data for the hydrodynamics model of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov

2021 ◽  
Vol 2131 (2) ◽  
pp. 022010
Author(s):  
N B Zakharova ◽  
T O Sheloput ◽  
N R Lezina ◽  
V P Shutyaev ◽  
E I Parmuzin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Incomplete Data ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Computational System ◽  
Variational Assimilation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Marine Data ◽  
Sea Area

Abstract This work is aimed at using the marine data of the Shared Use Centre (SUC) “IKI-Monitoring” in the variational assimilation procedures of the Informational Computational System (ICS) “INM RAS - Black Sea”. SUC “IKI - Monitoring” is a tool for obtaining remote sensing observations on the Earth state. In the paper observation data information is given, data processing procedures are described, algorithms for the assimilation of the information received and several specific features of the numerical model used are presented. Results of the variational assimilation of two sets of observation data are presented and discussed. Numerical experiments have confirmed the possibility of using incomplete data from satellites in the problems of modelling the sea area.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals in the Bottom Sediments of the Black Sea Northwestern Shelf in Recent Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Korablina ◽  
T. O. Barabashin ◽  
N. I. Katalevsky ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Anthropogenic Load ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Average Characteristic ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Northwestern Shelf ◽  
Characteristic Concentration

Purpose. The study is aimed at investigating metal accumulation in the 0–2 cm layer of the bottom sediments of the Black Sea northwestern shelf over 2000–2020, and at identifying the sea bottom areas subjected to the increased anthropogenic load through comprehensive assessment of the degree of their pollution taking into account their granulometric composition. Methods and Results. The bottom sediments were sampled annually from the 0–2 cm depth at the same stations. The detected metal concentrations were compared with their content in the Earth crust and the background values. The dynamics and trends of the individual metals’ content in the shelf bottom sediments were assessed for the whole period of observations. The notion of the average characteristic concentration of an element is introduced; the procedure for its calculation is represented. The pollution of bottom sediments was analyzed with the regard for the element average characteristic concentration in the bottom sediments of various granulometric types. Increase in the average content of lead, zinc and chromium was revealed from the beginning of the observation period to 2020. The seasonal dynamics of these elements was found in the whole water area under study (as well as the iron content at some areas). Conclusions. Multiple cases of the lead, manganese and chrome concentrations exceeding their content in the Earth crust were recorded; as for zinc and copper, such cases were few and sporadic. The tendencies in variation of the bottom sediments content were determined: the average long-term values of the lead concentration increased by 1.2 times, those of zinc – by 1.6 times, and those of chrome – by 2 times; the concentrations of iron, manganese and copper remained essentially the same. Seasonal dynamics of the zinc, chromium, lead and iron content was shown. For a number of metals, the cases when their absolute content exceeded their average characteristic concentration in the corresponding type of the bottom sediments had been found. The regions subjected to a multi-faceted anthropogenic load were identified; the areas of possible local inflow of the monitored elements were revealed. The bottom sediments sampled in 2019 were the most polluted.

scholarly journals PROCESSES OF DEEP OUTGASSING OF THE EARTH AS THE CAUSE OF BOTTOM CARBONATE BUILDUP FORMATION IN THE OCEAN SHELF ZONES

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-109
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
China Sea ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Carbonate Buildups

Bottom carbonate buildups of northwest of the Black Sea and western shelf of the South China Sea are considered in the article. The actual material for these researches was received when carrying out submarine works with application of underwater laboratory "Bentos-300" in the Black Sea and submersible vehicle "Sever-2" in the South China Sea. As a result of researches gas emissions from bottom depositions and carbonate builups were discovered at depths of 160-300 m. Investigation of landscape and geological setting on seabed was carried out by direct observation of gas emission fields. It was established within their limits that gas component is only one portion of fluid flow which formation is caused by deep outgassing processes of the Earth. The main portion is represented by fluid mineralized phase saturated with soluble compounds. In the marine water which is characterized by different hydrochemical parameters superimposed biochemogenic sedimentation, predominantly calcium carbonate occurs from fluid flow. Relation between buildup types, sea depth and bottom relief is defined. The most carbonate builups are confined to vertex sites of ridges. On slopes the buildups are rare and their number decreases. Cover formations of solid very strong rocks in the form of massive blocks that is 40-60 cm thick prevail at depths of 160-190 m. Distribution pattern of calcium carbonate over the section of crusts and tabular shapes points to the relation between a source of carbonates with lateral distribution of mineralized waters in near-bottom layer on the surface of sedimentary substrate. Comparative data on composition of carbonate buildups of Black and Southern Chinese Seas testify for their common features of deep hydrocarbon outgassing and tectono-geodynamic similarity between areas of their distribution. Considering the fact that within the shelf area of Vietnam, giant oil and gas fields have already been discovered and are under exploralion, prospects for discovery of similar deposits in northwest part of the Black Sea are rather reasonable. Results of studying of carbonate formations in the Black Sea can be used for forecasting and prospectings of hydrocarbonic raw material.

Multi-component Analysis of Radio Wave Background of the Earth Reveals Hydrocarbon Accumulations in the Black Sea Basin

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Bogdanov ◽  
I.B. Burkinsky ◽  
V.P. Kobolev ◽  
O.M. Rusakov ◽  
I.B. Burkinsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Wave ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Earth

scholarly journals The Black Sea in Ptolemy’s Geography: from measuring latitudes and distances to creating a map

2019 ◽  
pp. 125-136
Author(s):  
D. A. Shcheglov
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
West Coast ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The West ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Contradictory Information ◽  
Key Points

The configuration of the Black Sea in Ptolemy’s Geography is compared with the information of other ancient geographers. It is demonstrated that their data on the length of the coastlines between the key points match with high accuracy, implying that they drew on similar sources. A possible explanation of numerous disagreements between their data on distances between neighbouring coastal points is suggested. It is shown that the shortening of the west coast of the Black Sea in Ptolemy’s Geography relative to the reports of other geographers was due to his erroneous value of the circumference of the Earth. In general, Ptolemy’s configuration of the Black Sea is explained as a result of merging together contradictory information on the length of coastlines and the latitudes of the key points provided by his sources. These findings contribute to a better understanding of Ptolemy’s method of map-making.

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