scholarly journals Effect of host age on searching and oviposition behaviour of Diaeretiella rapae (MIntosh) (Hymenoptera Aphidiidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kant ◽  
W.R.M. Sandanayaka ◽  
X.Z. He ◽  
Q. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Oviposition Behaviour ◽  
Diaeretiella Rapae ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Cabbage Aphid ◽  
Adaptive Preference ◽  
Aphid Host ◽  
Foraging Time

Diaeretiella rapae is an important biological control agent of cabbage aphid Host searching handling and oviposition behaviour were investigated in relation to host age The parasitoid spent 61 of her foraging time searching for hosts Host handling time of the parasitoid decreased with increased number of host encounters The females were more successful in finding older hosts (7 days old) and spent more time (949 205 s/encounter) and did more stings (99 14/encounter) on them than the younger hosts They preferred to sting the abdomen rather than the thorax head or legs of the host The average number of eggs laid per host was highest (14 02 eggs) in 7dayold hosts When attacking 7dayold hosts they gained 42 success in ovipositing the host compared to 10 18 and 30 success in 1 3 and 5dayold hosts respectively Results suggest that D rapae may have adaptive preference for larger hosts and mass production could be more efficient by using 7dayold aphids

Foraging Behavior of the Mealybug Parasitoid Anagyrus sp.nov. nr. sinope (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juang-Horng Chong ◽  
Ronald D. Oetting
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Defensive Behaviors ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Phenacoccus Madeirensis ◽  
Foraging Time

Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope Noyes and Menezes (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is a candidate biological control agent against the Madeira mealybug, Phenacoccus madeirensis Green (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). This study reported on the components of the oviposition behavior of Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope in relation to 6 developmental stadia of P. madeirensis: crawlers, second-instar nymphs, third-instar immature females, third-instar immature males, prereproductive adult females, and ovipositing adult females. A behavioral sequence and a time budget were prepared for Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope, indicating that the parasitoids foraging in a patch containing third-instar and prereproductive adult females had the highest probability to encounter and eventually parasitize a host. The parasitoids attacking third-instar and prereproductive adult females also spent the largest proportion of total foraging time in oviposition (67 and 69%, respectively) and had the longest handling time (997 and 655 sec per event, respectively). No third-instar immature males, which were wrapped in thick tests constructed of wax filaments, were parasitized by the parasitoids. Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope did not avoid superparasitism. Parasitoids foraging in patches of third-instar and adult females had a higher self-superparasitism rate (27–33%) than crawlers and second-instar nymphs (8–14%). The clutch sizes in the superparasitized mealybugs were slightly larger than those in the mealybugs parasitized only once, but the difference was only significant in the ovipositing female P. madeirensis. Older and larger mealybugs exhibited more vigorous defensive behaviors by walking away and flipping abdomens. However, such behavioral defenses were not effective against the persistent parasitoids.

Functional response in coccinellid beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is modified by prey-density experience

2022 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desh Deepak Chaudhary ◽  
Bhupendra Kumar ◽  
Geetanjali Mishra ◽  
Omkar
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Prey Density ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Late Instar ◽  
Rearing Density ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

Abstract In the present study, we assessed functional response curves of two generalist coccinellid beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), specifically Menochilus sexmaculatus and Propylea dissecta, using fluctuating densities of aphid prey as a stimulus. In what may be the first such study, we investigated how the prey density experienced during the early larval development of these two predatory beetle species shaped the functional response curves of the late instar–larval and adult stages. The predators were switched from their rearing prey-density environments of scarce, optimal, or abundant prey to five testing density environments of extremely scarce, scarce, suboptimal, optimal, or abundant prey. The individuals of M. sexmaculatus that were reared on either scarce- and optimal- or abundant-prey densities exhibited type II functional response curves as both larvae and adults. However, individuals of P. dissecta that were reared on scarce- and abundant-prey densities displayed modified type II functional response curves as larvae and type II functional response curves as adults. In contrast, individuals of P. dissecta reared on the optimal-prey density displayed type II functional response curves as larvae and modified type II functional response curves as adults. The fourth-instar larvae and adult females of M. sexmaculatus and P. dissecta also exhibited highest prey consumption (T/Th) and shortest prey-handling time (Th) on the scarce-prey rearing density. Thus, under fluctuating-prey conditions, M. sexmaculatus is a better biological control agent of aphids than P. dissecta is.

Age-Dependent Functional and Numerical Responses of Neoseiulus cucumeris (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on Two-Spotted Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Dalir ◽  
Hamidreza Hajiqanbar ◽  
Yaghoub Fathipour ◽  
Mostafa Khanamani
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Neoseiulus Cucumeris ◽  
Predation Capacity ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch

Abstract The age-specific functional and numerical responses of Neoseiulus cucumeris Oudemans (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) on eggs of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae), were assessed in the laboratory using bean leaf discs. Densities of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128 prey were provided to 4- (protonymph), 6- (deutonymph), 8-, 13-, 18-, 23-, 28-, 33-, and 40-d-old N. cucumeris individuals. The functional response of 28- and 40-d-old N. cucumeris fitted type II, whereas the other ages displayed a type III functional response. The longest handling time observed at the age of 4 d was 0.515 h, whereas the shortest handling time and highest value of maximum attack rate (T/Th) were associated with the age of the 28-d-old treatment (0.261 h and 91.95 prey/d, respectively). The numerical response of N. cucumeris showed a significant increase with increasing prey density, but its rate gradually decreased at higher densities. Therefore, the efficiency of conversion of ingested food was relatively higher at low two-spotted spider mite densities, whereas it was reduced at high two-spotted spider mite densities. The stronger functional response and predation capacity of N. cucumeris on two-spotted spider mite eggs indicated the high potential of this predatory mite as an effective biological control agent against two-spotted spider mite especially at its early and middle ages and also when higher prey densities are present.

Age-specific functional response and predation rate of Amblyseius swirskii (Phytoseiidae) on two-spotted spider mite

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaghoub Fathipour ◽  
Maryam Karimi ◽  
Azadeh Farazmand ◽  
Ali Asghar Talebi
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Amblyseius Swirskii ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch

The lifetime functional response and predation rate of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot on eggs of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch were determined under laboratory conditions using cucumber leaf discs. Densities of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 prey were offered to 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 17, 22 and 27-day-old A. swirskii individuals. Based on the logistic regression, the functional response of twelve-day-old A. swirskii was type III, while the other ages showed type II. The Rogers model was used to estimate searching efficiency (a) and handling time (Th). The longest handling time (1.387±0.315 h) was observed in the protonymphal stage, while the shortest handling time and highest maximum attack rate (T/Th) were estimated at the age of seven-days (0.396±0.057 h and 60.67 prey/day, respectively). In the functional response experiments, results of the highest prey density used (128 eggs) showed that the highest number of prey consumed by A. swirskii individuals aged twelve and seventeen-days old (35.6 and 43.1 eggs, respectively). It is concluded that A. swirskii could be an efficient biological control agent of T. urticae at the middle-age of its life and at higher prey densities. 

Impact of endosulfan on the predatory efficiency of larval Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on the eggs of Heliothis virescens and Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustín Hernández-Juárez ◽  
Luis A. Aguirre-Uribe ◽  
Aideé González-Ruíz ◽  
Julio C. Chacón-Hernández ◽  
Jerónimo Landeros-Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Heliothis Virescens ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Chrysoperla Carnea ◽  
Predatory Efficiency ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractThe effect of the insecticide endosulfan on the predatory efficiency of the green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on the eggs of tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was measured with Holling’s disc equation. Though the type II functional response was maintained in C. carnea exposed to endosulfan, the functional response parameters: attack rate (a′), handling time (Th), total handling time (Tht), searching time (Ts), and search efficiency (E) were affected for both prey offered. The predator took more time to identify, pursue, capture, consume, and digest the prey, and in general, the efficiency of the predator as a biological control agent was adversely affected.

scholarly journals Predatory functional response and fitness parameters of Orius strigicollis Poppius when fed Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum as determined by age-stage, two-sex life table

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9540
Author(s):  
Shakeel Ur Rehman ◽  
Xingmiao Zhou ◽  
Shahzaib Ali ◽  
Muhammad Asim Rasheed ◽  
Yasir Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Biological Traits

Background The polyphagous predatory bug O. strigicollis is an active predator used to control thrips and aphids. The whitefly species Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum are voracious pests of different economic agricultural crops and vegetables. Method In this study, the Holling disc equation and the age-stage, two-sex life table technique were used to investigate the functional response and biological traits of third instar nymphs and adult female O. strigicollis when presented third instar nymphs of both whitefly species as prey. Results The results showed a type II functional response for each life stage of O. strigicollis when fed each whitefly species. The calculated prey handling time for different O. strigicollis life stages were shorter when fed T. vaporariorum than when fed B. tabaci nymphs. In contrast, the nymphal development of O. strigicollis was significantly shorter when fed B. tabaci than T. vaporariorum nymphs. Additionally, the total pre-oviposition period of adult females was statistically shorter when fed B. tabaci nymphs than T. vaporariorum nymphs. Furthermore, the survival rates and total fecundity of O. strigicollis were higher when fed B. tabaci than T. vaporariorum. There were no significant differences in any population parameters of O. strigicollis when fed either whitefly species. These results show that O. strigicollis could survive and maintain its populations on both species of whitefly and could therefore serve as a biological control agent in integrated pest management (IPM).

scholarly journals Functional Response of Dinarmus basalis (Rond.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) Parasitizing Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Islam ◽  
W Islam ◽  
KAMSH Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Dinarmus Basalis

The functional response of the parasitoid Dinarmus basalis (Rond.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) is determined to evaluate its potential as a biological control agent. Four female wasps in the presence of males parasitoids, were allowed to oviposit during their life span or hosts at different densities. The data were fit by Rogers? (1972) parasitoid model. The rate of parasitoid search was a?= 0.123 ±0.005 life span-1, and handling time Th = 0.056 ± 0.002 life span-1. Volume of grain had no significant (P>0.001) effect on number of parasitoids emerging. Key words: Functional response; Dinarmus basalis; Callosobruchus maculatus J. bio-sci. 14: 11-16, 2006

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