scholarly journals Resistance to sharp eyespot in wheat

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 204-212
Author(s):  
M.G. Cromey ◽  
C.C.L. Hide ◽  
E.D. Meenken
Keyword(s):  
Primary Infection ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Sharp Eyespot ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Low Incidence

Susceptibility of 16 wheat cultivars to sharp eyespot (caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis) was examined in field experiments Disease incidence varied markedly between experiments but one cultivar Regency consistently had very low incidence which was confirmed in a greenhouse experiment Some cultivars had a high incidence of disease in some field experiments but most cultivars had intermediate incidence A greenhouse experiment provided some evidence for pathogenic variation in R cerealis Monitoring of disease progression in commercial crops confirmed the cultivar differences identified in field experiments Infection was greater in crops sown in midautumn than in lateautumn to winter Primary infection occurred during seedling growth stages with maximum disease incidence occurring by late spring Primary infection developed in resistant cultivars but there was little spread to inner leaf sheaths Selection for resistance to sharp eyespot is feasible in breeding programmes and commercial losses could be reduced by using the more resistant cultivars

scholarly journals Control of Panama disease of banana by intercropping with Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum Rottler): cultivar differences

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenfang Li ◽  
Tong Wang ◽  
Chenling He ◽  
Kelin Cheng ◽  
Rensen Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Panama Disease ◽  
Allium Tuberosum ◽  
Leaf Volatiles ◽  
Chinese Chive

Abstract Panama disease (Fusarium wilt disease) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 (FOC) severely threatens banana (Musa spp.) production worldwide. Intercropping of banana with Allium plants has shown a potential to reduce Panama disease. In this study, six cultivars of Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum Rottler) were selected to compare their differences in antifungal activity and active compounds. Three cultivars Duokang Fujiu 11, Fujiuhuang 2, and Duokang Sijiqing with higher levels of antifungal compounds were further used for intercropping with banana in the pots and field to compare their effects on growth and disease incidence of banana. The six cultivars showed significant differences in antifungal activity against FOC mycelia growth in both leaf volatiles and aqueous leachates. The aqueous leachates displayed stronger antifungal activity than the volatiles. FJH cultivar showed the best inhibitory effect among all six cultivars. Contents of three main antifungal compounds dipropyl trisulfide (DPT), dimethyl trisulfide (DMT), and 2-methyl-2-pentenal (MP) in volatiles and aqueous leachates varied considerably among cultivars. Pot and field experiments showed that intercropping with three selected Chinese chive cultivars significantly improved banana vegetative growth, increased photosynthetic characteristics and yield but decreased disease incidence of Panama disease. Our results indicate that intercropping with Chinese chive shows potential to reduce banana Panama disease and selection of appropriate cultivars is vital for effective disease control.

scholarly journals Control of Panama disease of banana by intercropping with Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum Rottler): cultivar differences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-Fang Li ◽  
Tong Wang ◽  
Chenling He ◽  
Kelin Cheng ◽  
Rensen Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Panama Disease ◽  
Allium Tuberosum ◽  
Leaf Volatiles ◽  
Chinese Chive

Abstract Panama disease (Fusarium wilt disease) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 (FOC) severely threatens banana (Musa spp.) production worldwide. Intercropping of banana with Allium plants has shown a potential to reduce Panama disease. In this study, six cultivars of Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum Rottler) were selected to compare their differences in antifungal activity and active compounds. Three cultivars Duokang Fujiu 11, Fujiuhuang 2, and Duokang Sijiqing with higher levels of antifungal compounds were further used for intercropping with banana in the pots and field to compare their effects on growth and disease incidence of banana. The six cultivars showed significant differences in antifungal activity against FOC mycelia growth in both leaf volatiles and aqueous leachates. The aqueous leachates displayed stronger antifungal activity than the volatiles. FJH cultivar showed the best inhibitory effect among all six cultivars. Contents of three main antifungal compounds dipropyl trisulfide (DPT), dimethyl trisulfide (DMT), and 2-methyl-2-pentenal (MP) in volatiles and aqueous leachates varied considerably among cultivars. Pot and field experiments showed that intercropping with three selected Chinese chive cultivars significantly improved banana vegetative growth, increased photosynthetic characteristics and yield but decreased disease incidence of Panama disease.Our results indicate that intercropping with Chinese chive shows potential to reduce banana Panama disease and selection of appropriate cultivars is vital for effective disease control.

Response of Chickpea Cultivars to Imidazolinone Herbicide Applied at Different Growth Stages

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 664-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Laura Jefferies ◽  
Christian J. Willenborg ◽  
Bunyamin Tar'an
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Node Development ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Chickpea Cultivars

POST broadleaf weed control options in chickpea are very limited on the Northern Great Plains. Field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 in Saskatchewan to evaluate the response of chickpea cultivars to imidazolinone (IMI) herbicides applied at different growth stages. Conventional cultivars ‘CDC Luna’ and ‘CDC Corinne’ were compared with IMI-resistant cultivars ‘CDC Alma’ and ‘CDC Cory’. Treatments comprised a combination of imazethapyr + imazamox herbicides at 30 and 60 g ai ha−1(1× and 2× rates, respectively) applied at the 2 to 4-, 5 to 8-, and 9 to 12-node growth stages. Visual injury estimates were > 50% for CDC Luna and CDC Corinne for all growth stage applications. Conventional cultivars also experienced height reduction and decreased rate of node development compared with the nontreated controls. Flowering and maturity of CDC Luna and CDC Corinne were delayed for herbicide applications at all growth stages; however, application at the 9 to 12-node stage caused the most severe delay. All treatments of IMI herbicide caused yield reduction in the conventional cultivars in 2013. In contrast, IMI-resistant cultivars CDC Alma and CDC Cory demonstrated no negative response at any growth stage of IMI herbicide application. Visual injury estimates were negligible, and height, node development, days to flowering, maturity, and yield did not differ significantly between IMI-treated plants and the respective controls. These results demonstrated the potential of in-crop use of IMI herbicide on resistant chickpea cultivars to control broadleaf weeds.

scholarly journals Cultural practices and genetic resistance as factors affecting soybean stem canker and plant yield in the Cerrado

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCOS A. FREITAS ◽  
ADALBERTO C. CAFÉ FILHO ◽  
LUIZ C. B. NASSER
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Plant Yields ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Field experiments were conducted in the 1995-96 soybean (Glycine max) growing season to evaluate the effects of cultural practices and host genetic resistance on the intensity of soybean stem canker, caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum f.sp. meridionalis (Dpm). Experiments were conducted in a commercial field severely infected in the previous (1994-95) season. In one study, minimum tillage (MT) and no-tillage (NT) cropping systems were investigated for their effects on disease development and on plant yields in cvs. FT-Cristalina (susceptible) and FT-Seriema (moderately resistant). Another study evaluated the effects of plant densities (8, 15, 21 and 36 plants/m) on disease development in cvs. FT-Cristalina, FT-101 (moderately resistant) and FT-104 (resistant). Disease incidence and severity were consistently lower in NT than in MT, and plant yields were increased by 23% and 14% in the NT system for the susceptible and moderately resistant cultivars, respectively, compared to the yields in the MT system. The Gompertz and Logistic models described well the disease progress curves in all situations. For both susceptible and moderately resistant cultivars, disease severity increased proportionately to the increase in plant densities. At the end of the season, 100% of the plants of cv. FT-Cristalina were infected by Dpm, at all plant densities. Disease levels on cv. FT-101 were intermediate while only very low disease levels were recorded on cv. FT-104. There was a consistent negative correlation between stem canker severity and yield. Some practices demonstrated potential for direct application in disease control, and could be combined considering their additive effects.

scholarly journals Reduced Fusarium Ear Rot and Symptomless Infection in Kernels of Maize Genetically Engineered for European Corn Borer Resistance

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 1071-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Munkvold ◽  
R. L. Hellmich ◽  
W. B. Showers
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Fusarium Ear Rot ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Kernel Infection

Field experiments were conducted in 1994, 1995, and 1996 to evaluate the incidence and severity of Fusarium ear rot and the incidence of symp-tomless Fusarium infection in kernels of maize hybrids genetically engineered with Bacillus thuringiensis genes encoding for the δ-endotoxin CryIA(b). Treatments included manual infestation with European corn borer (ECB) larvae and insecticide applications to limit ECB activity to specific maize growth stages or mimic standard ECB control practices. Fusarium symptoms and infection were affected by the specific cryIA(b) transformation used in each hybrid that determines tissue-specific expression of CryIA(b). In hybrids expressing CryIA(b) in kernels, incidence and severity of Fusarium ear rot and incidence of symptomless kernel infection were reduced compared with near-isogenic hybrids lacking cryIA(b) genes. In plants that were manually infested with ECB, ear rot incidence was reduced by 87, 58, and 68%; severity was reduced by 96, 54, and 64%; and incidence of kernel infection by Fusarium species was reduced by 17, 38, and 38% in 1994, 1995, and 1996, respectively. Results were similar in treatments that were not manually infested, but differences between transgenic and nontransgenic hybrids were smaller. Most kernel infection was due to F. moniliforme, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans (section Liseola) collectively, and it was within this group that transgenic hybrids exhibited reduced infection. Expression of CryIA(b) in plant tissues other than kernels did not consistently affect Fusarium symptoms or infection. Disease incidence was positively correlated with ECB damage to kernels. Insecticide applications also reduced Fusarium symptoms and infection when applied to nontransgenic plants.

scholarly journals Control of Panama disease of banana by intercropping with Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum Rottler): cultivar differences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-Fang Li ◽  
Tong Wang ◽  
Chenlin He ◽  
Kelin Cheng ◽  
Rensen Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Panama Disease ◽  
Allium Tuberosum ◽  
Leaf Volatiles ◽  
Chinese Chive

Abstract BackgroundPanama disease (Fusarium wilt disease) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 (FOC) severely threatens banana (Musa spp.) production worldwide. Intercropping of banana with Allium plants has shown a potential to reduce Panama disease. In this study six cultivars of Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum Rottler) were selected to compare their differences in antifungal activity and active compounds. Three cultivars Duokang Fujiu 11, Fujiuhuang 2, and Duokang Sijiqing with higher levels of antifungal compounds were further used for intercropping with banana in the pots and field to compare their effects on growth and disease incidence of banana.Methods and ResultsThe six cultivars showed significant differences in antifungal activity against FOC mycelia growth in both leaf volatiles and aqueous leachates. The aqueous leachates displayed stronger antifungal activity than the volatiles. FJH cultivar showed the best inhibitory effect among all six cultivars. Contents of three main antifungal compounds dipropyl trisulfide (DPT), dimethyl trisulfide (DMT), and 2-methyl-2-pentenal (MP) in volatiles and aqueous leachates varied considerably among cultivars. Pot and field experiments showed that intercropping with three selected Chinese chive cultivars significantly improved banana vegetative growth, increased photosynthetic characteristics and yield but decreased disease incidence of Panama disease.ConclusionsOur results indicate that intercropping with Chinese chive shows potential to reduce banana Panama disease and selection of appropriate cultivars is vital for effective disease control.

scholarly journals Control of Panama Disease of Banana by Intercropping with Chinese Chive (Allium tuberosum Rottler): Cultivar Differences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-Fang Li ◽  
Tong Wang ◽  
Chenlin He ◽  
Kelin Cheng ◽  
Rensen Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Panama Disease ◽  
Allium Tuberosum ◽  
Leaf Volatiles ◽  
Chinese Chive ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Highlightsl Intercropping of banana with Chinese chive can effectively reduce Panama diseasel Selection of appropriate cultivars of Chinese chive for intercropping is criticall 2-Methyl-2-pentenal (MP) is the key compound for the pathogen inhibitionl MP content and antifungal activity are key indices for cultivar selectionBackground Panama disease (Fusarium wilt disease) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 (FOC) severely threatens banana (Musa spp.) production worldwide. Intercropping of banana with Allium plants has shown a potential to reduce Panama disease. In this study six cultivars of Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum Rottler) were selected to compare their differences in antifungal activity and active compounds. Three cultivars Duokang Fujiu 11, Fujiuhuang 2, and Duokang Sijiqing with higher levels of antifungal compounds were further used for intercropping with banana in the pots and field to compare their effects on growth and disease incidence of banana. Methods and Results The six cultivars showed significant differences in antifungal activity against FOC mycelia growth in both leaf volatiles and aqueous leachates. The aqueous leachates displayed stronger antifungal activity than the volatiles. Contents of three main antifungal compounds dipropyl trisulfide (DPT), dimethyl trisulfide (DMT), and 2-methyl-2-pentenal (MP) in volatiles and aqueous leachates varied considerably among cultivars. Pot and field experiments showed that intercropping with three selected Chinese chive cultivars significantly improved banana vegetative growth, increased photosynthetic characteristics and yield but decreased disease incidence of Panama disease.Conclusions Our results indicate that intercropping with Chinese chive shows potential to reduce banana Panama disease and selection of appropriate cultivars is vital for effective disease control.

scholarly journals Control of Panama disease of banana by intercropping with Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum Rottler): cultivar differences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-Fang Li ◽  
Tong Wang ◽  
Chenlin He ◽  
Kelin Cheng ◽  
Rensen Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Panama Disease ◽  
Allium Tuberosum ◽  
Leaf Volatiles ◽  
Chinese Chive

Abstract Panama disease (Fusarium wilt disease) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 (FOC) severely threatens banana (Musa spp.) production worldwide. Intercropping of banana with Allium plants has shown a potential to reduce Panama disease. In this study, six cultivars of Chinese chive ( Allium tuberosum Rottler) were selected to compare their differences in antifungal activity and active compounds. Three cultivars Duokang Fujiu 11, Fujiuhuang 2, and Duokang Sijiqing with higher levels of antifungal compounds were further used for intercropping with banana in the pots and field to compare their effects on growth and disease incidence of banana. The six cultivars showed significant differences in antifungal activity against FOC mycelia growth in both leaf volatiles and aqueous leachates. The aqueous leachates displayed stronger antifungal activity than the volatiles. FJH cultivar showed the best inhibitory effect among all six cultivars. Contents of three main antifungal compounds dipropyl trisulfide (DPT), dimethyl trisulfide (DMT), and 2-methyl-2-pentenal (MP) in volatiles and aqueous leachates varied considerably among cultivars. Pot and field experiments showed that intercropping with three selected Chinese chive cultivars significantly improved banana vegetative growth, increased photosynthetic characteristics and yield but decreased disease incidence of Panama disease. Our results indicate that intercropping with Chinese chive shows potential to reduce banana Panama disease and selection of appropriate cultivars is vital for effective disease control.

scholarly journals Biological Control of Rice Brown Spot by Bacillus Spp. in Thailand

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Wanporn Khemmuk ◽  
Doungkamon Boonchuay ◽  
Nuchjarin Jungkhun ◽  
Chonsirin Klinmanee ◽  
Angkana Kantachan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Bipolaris Oryzae ◽  
Antagonistic Microorganisms

Rice brown spot (BS), caused by Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) Shoemaker, is a serious disease causing infection in all growth stages of rice and significantly affect to yield and grain quality losses. This study aimed to find effective antagonistic microorganisms to control BS, hundreds of microbial isolates were obtained from rice paddy fields across Thailand. A total number of 31 antagonistic microbes were selected and screened against B. oryzae by dual culture technique. The results showed that CRI_15183 has highly percentage of inhibition (67.35%) followed by ACKB03, CRI_15059, CRI_15010, No.33, CRI_15186 and BUDN027 with 57.25, 54.01, 53.28, 52.94, 52.65 and 51.26%, respectively. Then, sequencing of 16S rDNA confirmed two species of Bacillus amongst the isolates, B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens. Three isolates including CRI_15183, CRI_15186 and ACKB03 were formulated with talcum based powder, stored at room temperature and sampled to test their shelf life monthly. In greenhouse experiment, the results revealed that CRI_15186 has highest effective with 14.08 percent of disease incidence followed by CRI_15183 and ACKB03 with 15.06 and 15.98%, respectively. The field experiments will be conducted in wet season this year. There have been only a few reports on the improvement of rice brown spot control involving biological control agents. However, the use of antagonistic microbes can reduced the used of fungicides and developed environmentally safe for the management of rice brown spot disease.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of New Zealand wheat cultivars to sharp eyespot

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 268-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. Cromey ◽  
R.C. Butler ◽  
C.A. Munro ◽  
S.C. Shorter
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Genetic Interactions ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sharp Eyespot ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Low Incidence

The susceptibility of 12 New Zealand wheat cultivars to sharp eyespot (caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis) was examined in three autumnsown field trials in the 200405 growing season Moderate to high disease incidence was recorded in two of the trials and low levels occurred in the third While disease incidence was high in at least some plots of most cultivars low incidence was recorded in all plots of two cultivars and all but two plots of two other cultivars These trials provide evidence that at least 2 of the 12 cultivars have useful levels of resistance to sharp eyespot and that several cultivars are highly susceptible Ranking of the more susceptible cultivars varied between locations Further work is required to determine whether this is due to genetic interactions between hosts and pathogens or whether relative susceptibility of cultivars to sharp eyespot can be affected by environment

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