Grape tendrils as an inoculum source of Botrytis cinerea in vineyards a review

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 218-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Mundy ◽  
R.H. Agnew ◽  
P.N. Wood
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Inoculum Sources ◽  
Inoculum Source ◽  
Major Disease ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
Considerable Damage

Botrytis cinerea is a fungus responsible for considerable damage to a wide range of crops worldwide including grapes Botrytis bunch rot caused by B cinerea is the major disease problem that must be managed by the New Zealand wine industry each season However the fungus is not easily managed as it can be both necrotrophic and saprophytic with a range of overwintering inoculum sources New Zealand grape growers have asked whether it is necessary to remove tendrils at the time of pruning in order to minimise botrytis bunch rot infection at harvest This review provides a summary of the information currently available on the importance of tendrils in the epidemiology of botrytis bunch rot under New Zealand conditions Gaps in knowledge and areas for further investigation are also identified

scholarly journals Botrytis cinerea control on Sauvignon blanc using a recycling sprayer

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 249-255
Author(s):  
V. Raw ◽  
D.C. Mundy ◽  
A.R.G McLachlan ◽  
C. Clifford ◽  
M. Walter
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Sauvignon Blanc ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
Excellent Coverage

The New Zealand wine industry is strongly committed to sustainable production The SprayPro Rseries sprayer is designed to recycle unused chemical sprays not deposited on the target area Sauvignon blanc vines in Marlborough New Zealand were studied during 2011/2012 The vineyard area was 5 ha at 80 flowering where the full canopy was sprayed and 10 ha at pre bunch closure (PBC) targeting the fruiting zone only Disease control efficacy of spray recycling was investigated using Botrytis cinerea as the model pathogen Pathogen colonisation of necrotic leaf discs placed in the canopy at 80 flowering and PBC showed even control of B cinerea At PBC 80 of the watersensitive papers had adequate to excellent coverage Botrytis bunch rot incidence and severity were evenly expressed throughout the block but increased during preharvest; severity was well below the 3 economic threshold Recycling of botryticides did not affect disease control

scholarly journals Disease assessment and epidemic monitoring methodology for bunch rot (Botrytis cinerea) in grapevines

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Beresford ◽  
K.J. Evans ◽  
P.N. Wood ◽  
D.C. Mundy
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Critical Comparison ◽  
Epidemic Monitoring ◽  
Increase Rate ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Bunch Rot

Epidemic descriptors that quantified the location in time and rate of disease increase of botrytis bunch rot were developed using percentage disease severity data Data were obtained from fungicide evaluation trials in three regions of New Zealand and from Tasmania in Australia Mean percentage severity versus time was logit transformed and linear regression was used to predict the date at which 5 severity was reached the daily severity increase rate at 5 severity the severity on the date of harvest and the daily severity increase rate at harvest These descriptors will be of general use for the critical comparison of bunch rot epidemics between sites and between seasons They will be used in quantitative analyses to identify factors that drive botrytis bunch rot epidemics in order to develop botrytis prediction models

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea to fungicides used in New Zealand wine grape spray programmes

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 285-294
Author(s):  
R.M. Beresford ◽  
P.J. Wright ◽  
C.L. Middleditch ◽  
M. Vergara ◽  
L. Hasna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Baseline Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Medium Resistance ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor

Fungicide resistance development in Botrytis cinerea threatens the efficacy of anilinopyrimidine (AP) fungicides, which have been used for botrytis bunch rot control in New Zealand vineyards for about 20 years. A 2016 survey of 33 vineyards in Gisborne, Hawke's Bay and Marlborough showed that the majority of 670 isolates tested in agar-based assays were sensitive to the AP cyprodinil (EC50 < 1 mg/litre), although 18% showed low-resistance (EC50 1-10 mg/litre) and 10% showed medium-resistance (EC50 >10 mg/litre). There was high cross-resistance to the APs cyprodinil and pyrimethanil. The survey also established baseline sensitivity to the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide boscalid and >90% of isolates were sensitive (EC50 < 5 mg/litre). There was a low degree of cross-resistance between the SDHIs boscalid and fluopyram. There was also high sensitivity to fludioxonil (0.009 to 0.018 mg/litre) and to fenhexamid (0.49 to 0.76 mg/litre).

scholarly journals Mini munchers to control powdery mildew and botrytis bunch rot in grapes

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 279-279
Author(s):  
K.S.H. Boyd-Wilson ◽  
S. Read ◽  
D.C. Mundy
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
Organic Wine

The use of mycophagous (fungal feeding) invertebrates has potential to contribute to disease management in both organic and conventional wine production systems in New Zealand The New Zealand wine industry is actively working towards producing ultralow residue wines This involves removing all late season botrytis fungicide sprays from the vineyard spray programme In organic wine production systems in New Zealand the only products available to control powdery mildew and botrytis bunch rot are protectants In both these systems when fungicides are not available mycophagous invertebrates may reduce the amount of inoculum available to cause disease A survey of leaf material in 19 vineyards in Canterbury and Marlborough over the 20082009 growing season identified populations of beetles in two vineyards in sufficient numbers to justify further research In the laboratory fieldcollected beetles that were starved for 2 days fed on spores of Botrytis cinerea (botrytis bunch rot) growing on blackcurrant flowers Podosphaerea leucotricha (apple powdery mildew) on apple leaves and Erysiphe necator (grape powdery mildew) on grape leaves Beetles were identified as Aridius bifaciatus (Reitter) A nodifer (Westwood) and Cortinicara hirtalis (Broun)

Bunch rot of Rhine Riesling grapes in the lower south-west of Western Australia

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (103) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Barbetti
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Complete Elimination ◽  
South West ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
Lower South

A bunch rot disorder of Rhine Riesling grapes was investigated during the 1976-77 and 1977-78 seasons in south-west of Western Australia. Fungi isolated from immature berries at or just after flowering were not identical to those isolated from rotting berries at harvest. A wide range of fungi, including Aureobasidium pullulans (de Bary) Arnaud, Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr., Rhizopus, Aspergillus, Penicillium and Alternaria spp., was isolated from rotted berries at harvest. More than 98% of rotting berries showed berry splitting or cracking, or both, at the pedicel end of the grape. Berry thinning of bunches by hand resulted in the almost complete elimination of berry splitting and cracking and a corresponding decline in bunch rot levels. The yield of unrotted bunches from the thinned vines was more than twice that for the unthinned ones; however, thinning reduced overall total vine yields by 63% compared with yields from unthinned vines.

scholarly journals Comparison of sampling procedures for estimating botrytis bunch rot incidence in New Zealand vineyards

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. McKay ◽  
G.N. Hill ◽  
R.M. Beresford
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Inverse Sampling ◽  
Sample Number ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Sampling Procedures

Quantifying botrytis bunch rot (BBR) in vineyards is essential to the New Zealand wine industry Simple random sampling (SRS) inverse sampling (IS) and adaptive cluster sampling (ACS) were compared using simulated disease incidence at two levels (1 and 3) three clustering factors (random low and high) and small (100 bays) or large (2500 bays) vineyard sizes Sampling relative efficiency (re) was highest using ACS when disease was highly clustered at low incidence Inverse sampling was investigated by repeatedly sampling from the simulated vineyards which resulted in total sample number and variance of IS being greatest in highly clustered BBR at low incidence IS resulted in a lower final sample number with less variance than ACS using simulated BBR that was randomly dispersed at 3 IS or SRS using a sample size calculated from desired sample confidence can provide practical and accurate botrytis bunch rot sampling for disease management decision support

Potential secondary inoculum sources of Botrytis cinerea and their influence on bunch rot development in dry Mediterranean climate vineyards

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 922-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Calvo-Garrido ◽  
Josep Usall ◽  
Inmaculada Viñas ◽  
Philip AG Elmer ◽  
Elena Cases ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Inoculum Sources ◽  
Bunch Rot

scholarly journals Preliminary investigations of the risk of plant debris as a Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae inoculum source

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
J.L. Tyson ◽  
C.L. Curtis ◽  
M.A. Manning ◽  
S.J. Dobson ◽  
C.E. McKenna
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Inoculum Sources ◽  
Inoculum Source ◽  
Trap Plants ◽  
Fallen Leaves ◽  
Rain Events

In New Zealand the causal agent of kiwifruit canker Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae (Psa) can survive in overwintered kiwifruit plant debris on the orchard floor at least until spring This study used trap plates and trap plants to determine the importance of fallen leaves and winter prunings on the orchard floor as inoculum sources Trap plates were positioned 15 50 and 100 cm above the debris Psa was detected only when the plates were exposed during rain events and was found to be splashed upwards in small amounts from the debris during rain Leaf lesions developed only on the trap plants exposed during the first week of the 20week trial In this trial there is some evidence that plant debris is not a significant inoculum source and would not have posed a major risk for reinfection of any surrounding kiwifruit vines at the time of budburst in spring

Natural enemies of bridal creeper Asparagus asparagoides in New Zealand

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 362-367
Author(s):  
H.M. Harman ◽  
N.W. Waipara ◽  
C.J. Winks ◽  
L.A. Smith ◽  
P.G. Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Invertebrate Fauna ◽  
Classical Biocontrol ◽  
Wide Range

Bridal creeper is a weed of natural and productive areas in the northern North Island of New Zealand A classical biocontrol programme was initiated in 20052007 with a survey of invertebrate fauna and pathogens associated with the weed in New Zealand Although bridal creeper was attacked by a wide range of generalist invertebrates their overall damage affected

scholarly journals Hairy Nightshade as a Potential Potato leafroll virus (Luteoviridae: Polerovirus) Inoculum Source in Pacific Northwest Potato Ecosystems

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 985-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Srinivasan ◽  
J. M. Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Potato Leafroll Virus ◽  
Inoculum Sources ◽  
Inoculum Source ◽  
Hairy Nightshade ◽  
Aphid Density ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Green Peach Aphids ◽  
Leafroll Virus

Hairy nightshade, Solanum sarrachoides, is a solanaceous weed found abundantly in Pacific Northwest potato ecosystems. It serves as a reservoir for one of the important potato viruses, Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) (Luteoviridae: Polerovirus), and its most important vector, the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae). Laboratory research indicated an increased green peach aphid settling and performance on S. sarrachoides than on potato. It also revealed that green peach aphids transmitted PLRV more efficiently from S. sarrachoides to potato than from potato to potato. To test the efficiency of S. sarrachoides as an inoculum source in the field, a two season (2004 and 2005) trial was conducted at Kimberly, Idaho. Two inoculum sources, PLRV-infected potato and PLRV-infected S. sarrachoides, were compared in this trial. Green peach aphid density and temporal and spatial PLRV spread were monitored at weekly intervals. Higher densities of green peach aphids were observed on plots with S. sarrachoides and inoculum sources (PLRV-infected S. sarrachoides and potato) than on plots without S. sarrachoides and inoculum sources. PLRV infection in plots with PLRV-infected S. sarrachoides was similar to or slightly higher than in plots with PLRV-infected potato as an inoculum source. Temporal and spatial PLRV spread was similar in plots with either inoculum source. Thus, S. sarrachoides is as efficient as or a better PLRV inoculum source than potato.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document