scholarly journals A virus survey of Vicia faba crops in Canterbury New Zealand during 201112

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 382-382
Author(s):  
J.D. Fletcher ◽  
H. Ziebell ◽  
R.M. MacDiarmid
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Field Bean ◽  
Related Field ◽  
Beet Western Yellows Virus

Broad bean (Vicia faba L) is an established vegetable crop grown in Canterbury with the area now growing related field bean for both human and animal consumption increasing and forming a useful addition to mixed cropping systems A V faba virus survey completed in 1991 detected Soybean dwarf virus (SDV) and Beet western yellows virus (BWYV) Turnip yellows virus (TuYV) which cause bean leaf roll; Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV); Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV); Pea seedborne mosaic (PSbMV); and Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) In 2011 16 faba bean crops throughout mid and South Canterbury were surveyed for viruses known and not known to be present in New Zealand Virus incidences were low with only a few crops damaged largely by bean leaf roll When compared with previous surveys only TuYV appears to have become more widespread but with a similar incidence (07) SDV was less widespread but had a higher incidence (025) The incidences of other viruses were similar to the previous survey AMV (09) PSbMV (035) BYMV (05) although CMV was not detected Red clover vein mosaic virus (RCVMV) was detected for the first time in for New Zealand and was found to be reasonably widespread and at high incidences within some crops

Occurrence of virus infection in seed stocks and 3-year-old pastures of lucerne (Medicago sativa)

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Beet Western Yellows Virus ◽  
Turnip Yellows Virus

In tests on seed samples from 26 commercial seed stocks of lucerne (Medicago sativa) to be sown in south-western Australia in 2001, infection with Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) was found in 21 and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in 3 of them. Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) and Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) were not detected in any. Incidences of infection within individual affected seed samples were 0.1–4% (AMV) and 0.1–0.3% (CMV), and the infected seed stocks were from 3 (CMV) and at least 11 (AMV) different lucerne cultivars. In a survey of 31 three-year-old lucerne pastures in the same region in 2001, in randomly collected samples, AMV was found in 30 and luteovirus infection in 11 pastures. Pastures in high, medium, and low rainfall zones were all infected. Incidences of AMV within individual infected pastures were high, with 50–98% of plants infected in 20 of them and only 3 having <10% infection, but luteovirus incidences were only 1–5%. In addition to various cultivar mixtures, at least 8 (AMV) and 3 (luteoviruses) different individual lucerne cultivars were infected. When the species of luteovirus present were identified, they were Bean leaf roll virus, Beet western yellows virus ( = Turnip yellows virus), or Subterranean clover red leaf virus ( = Soybean dwarf virus). CMV and legume-infecting potyviruses (BYMV, PSbMV, and Clover yellow vein virus) were not detected in any of the lucerne samples. Acyrthosiphon kondoi infestation was common in the samples collected, and A. pisum and Aphis craccivora were also found. Widespread infection in lucerne stands, and their frequent colonisation by aphid vectors, are cause for concern not only because of virus-induced production losses in lucerne itself but also because they provide virus infection reservoirs for spread to nearby grain legume crops and annual legume pastures.

Viruses of New Zealand pasture grasses and legumes: a review

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 841 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Guy
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pasture Grasses ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

This article reviews knowledge of 23 plant viruses infecting pasture grasses and legumes in New Zealand. The incidence, ecology and impact of each virus and prospects for control using natural or artificial resistance genes or by vector control is discussed. The most prevalent viruses are Alfalfa mosaic virus and White clover mosaic virus in pasture legumes and Cocksfoot mottle virus, Ryegrass mosaic virus and Barley yellow dwarf virus in pasture grasses. Lucerne Australian latent virus is restricted to the North Island and Red clover necrotic mosaic virus is largely restricted to the South Island. These patterns are likely to be dynamic with ongoing changes in weather patterns, land use, the spread of insect vectors and the continuing introduction of viruses and vectors. The existing and potential threats to 12 pasture species are tabulated and the knowledge gaps for each species highlighted. Control of vectors including aphids, eriophyid mites and soil-borne fungi is probably not economic per se but could be an additional benefit of integrated pest management in pasture and cropping systems. The most cost-effective and practical preventative measures are likely to be the use of virus-tested seed to establish new pastures and the incorporation of resistance genes by conventional breeding or by genetic engineering. Finally, recommendations are made for future research for New Zealand, which is also relevant to other temperate regions of the world.

scholarly journals A Survey of Viruses Affecting Faba Bean (Vicia faba) in Tunisia Includes First Record of Soybean dwarf virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 1151-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Najar ◽  
Safaa G. Kumari ◽  
Khaled M. Makkouk ◽  
Abderazzek Daaloul
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
First Record ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Soybean Dwarf Virus

A survey was conducted in April 2003 to identify viruses infecting faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in six regions (Beja, Bizerte, Cap-bon, Le Kef, Siliana, and Zaghouan) in Tunisia. A total of 292 faba bean samples with symptoms of viral infection (leaf rolling, yellowing, and mosaic) were collected. The samples were tested at the virology laboratory of the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Syria, for 11 viruses using the tissue-blot immunoassay procedure (3). Specific rabbit polyclonal antisera were used to test for Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV) (provided by H. J. Vetten, BBA, Braunschweig, Germany), Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV), Broad bean stain virus (BBSV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and Pea seedborne mosaic virus (PSbMV) (ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria). In addition, four specific monoclonal antibodies were used to detect Bean leaf roll virus (BLRV) (4B10) (2), Beet western yellows virus (BWYV) (ATCC PVAS-647; American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA), Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV) (3-2E9) (1), and Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV) (ATCC PVAS-650). Serological tests showed that BBMV, a beetle-transmitted and seedborne virus identified in 23.3% (68 samples) of the samples tested, was the most common. BLRV, FBNYV, BWYV, BYMV, SbDV, and PSbMV were detected in 56, 33, 31, 10, 5, and 1 sample(s) of 292 samples tested, respectively. AMV, BBSV, CMV, and CpCDV were not detected in any samples tested. In Tunisia, BLRV, BWYV, BYMV, FBNYV, and PSbMV have previously been reported in faba bean (4), but to our knowledge, this is the first record of SbDV affecting faba bean in Tunisia, where it was detected in two fields in the Cap-bon Region. In sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by western blots, extracts from SbDV-infected plants were observed to contain 23-kDa structural proteins, which reacted strongly with SbDV monoclonal antibodies. Transmission tests showed that the samples, which reacted with SbDV monoclonal antibodies, were transmitted to faba bean plants by the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris) in a persistent manner. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SbDV naturally infecting faba bean in Tunisia and it could cause a serious problem to other leguminous crops grown in Tunisia, such as French bean and peas, which are hosts for the virus. References: (1) A. Franz and K. M. Makkouk Ann. Appl. Biol. 128:255, 1996. (2) L. Katul. Characterization by serology and molecular biology of bean leaf roll virus and faba bean necrotic yellows virus. PhD thesis. University of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany, 1992. (3) K. M. Makkouk and A. Comeau. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 100:71, 1994. (4) A. Najar et al. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 39:423, 2000.

Biodiversity and full genome sequence of potato viruses Alfalfa mosaic virus and potato leaf roll virus in Egypt

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 423-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engy E. Abdel Aleem ◽  
Radwa M. Taha ◽  
Faiza A. Fattouh
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Complete Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Potato Leaf Roll Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Potato Viruses

Abstract Solanum tuberosum (potato) is the second most important vegetable crop in Egypt. It is locally consumed, manufactured or supplied for export to Europe and other Arab countries. Potato is subject to infection by a number of plant viruses, which affect its yield and quality. Potato virus Y (PVY), potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), and Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) were detected in major potato-growing areas surveyed. Multiplex-RT-PCR assay was used for the detection of these three viruses in one reaction using three specific primer pairs designed to amplify genomic parts of each virus (1594 bp for PLRV, 795 bp for AMV, 801 bp for PVY). All three viruses were detected in a single reaction mixture in naturally infected field-grown potatoes. Multiplex RT-PCR improved sensitivity necessary for the early detection of infection. Incidence of single, double, or triple infection has been recorded in some locations. Full-length sequencing has been performed for an Egyptian FER isolate of PLRV. Through phylogenetic analysis, it was shown to occupy the same clade with isolate JokerMV10 from Germany. Complete nucleotide sequence of an Egyptian FER isolate of AMV and phylogenetic analysis was also performed; we propose that it is a new distinct strain of AMV belonging to a new subgroup IIC. This is the first complete nucleotide sequence of an Egyptian isolate of AMV. Genetic biodiversity of devastating potato viruses necessitates continuous monitoring of new genetic variants of such viruses.

scholarly journals Viruses of White Clover in Pastures of Pennsylvania, New York, and Vermont

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 817-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Sherwood
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Peanut Stunt Virus ◽  
Clover Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
White Clover Mosaic Virus

Incidence of six viruses was tested in white clover from 28 rotationally grazed pastures of Pennsylvania (PA), New York (NY), and Vermont (VT). Each of 17 PA pastures was sampled fall 1994, spring 1995, fall 1995, and spring 1996, and 10 pastures were sampled fall 1996. Each of five NY and six VT pastures was sampled spring and fall 1995 and 1996. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were conducted for red clover vein mosaic virus (RCVMV), white clover mosaic virus (WCMV), alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV), peanut stunt virus (PSV), clover yellow mosaic virus (CYMV), and the potyvirus group (POTY). RCVMV, WCMV, AlMV, and POTY were detected in 28, 28, 27, and 25 of the 28 pastures and in 67, 32, 30, and 7% of the 3,065 samples tested, respectively. PSV occurred at low to moderate levels in 11 PA pastures. PSV was rare in NY and was not detected in VT. CYMV was never found. Incidence of each virus varied significantly among pastures. For any given virus, there was not a significant variation in incidence among sampling dates within the NY-VT samples. RCVMV, WCMV, and POTY varied among dates within PA.

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