INFLUENCE OF GROWTH REGULATORS AND LED IRRADIATORS ON PINE STRAWBERRY ADAPTATION

Author(s):  
M. G. Markova ◽  
E. N. Somova

Work on going through the adaptation stage of rooted micro-stalks comes down to searching for new growth regulators and studying the influence of external conditions, which include, among other things, light effects. The data of 2018-2019 on the effect of growth regulators Siliplant, EcoFus and experimental LED phytoradiators on the adaptation of rooted micro-stalks of garden strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa duch) in vivo are presented. The object of research is rooted micro-stalks of garden strawberries of the Korona variety. It was revealed that, at the adaptation stage of rooted micro-stalks of strawberries, the most effective was the treatment of plants by spraying with Siliplant at a concentration of 1.0 ml/l and the combined treatment with Siliplant and EcoFus at concentrations of 0.5 ml/l: regardless of lighting, the survival rate averaged 99.4 - 99.7%, the leaf surface area increased significantly from 291.85 mm2 to 334.4 mm2. The number of normally developed leaves of strawberry microplants increased significantly after treatment with all preparations from 3.5 to 6.0, 5.8 and 6.5 pcs/plant, and a significant increase in the height of strawberry rosettes was facilitated by treatment with Siliplant and Siliplant together with EcoFus. Regardless of growth regulators, the most effective was the experimental LED phyto-irradiator with a changing spectrum, which contributed to an increase in leaf surface area, height of rosettes and the number of normally developed leaves in strawberry microplants. When illuminated with a flashing phytoradiator, these indicators are lower than in the control version, but not significantly. By the end of the rooting stage, all microplants of garden strawberries corresponded to GOST R 54051-2010.

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 690-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Dias Pirovani ◽  
Dirceu Pratissoli ◽  
Marcel Oliveira Tibúrcio ◽  
José Romário de Carvalho ◽  
Alixelhe Pacheco Damascena ◽  
...  

Abstract: The objective of this work was to determine the ideal number for field release of Trichogramma galloi and T.pretiosum for controlling Duponchelia fovealis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, where the strawberry cultivar 'Oso Grande' was infected with 100 eggs of D.fovealis distributed on the leaf surface area of each plant. A total of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128 female parasitoids were released per egg of D. fovealis. The greatest level of egg parasitism, with no differences for the species of Trichogramma, was observed at the densities of four and eight parasitoids per egg of D.fovealis, considered ideal for field release.


Author(s):  
O.V. Nikitenko ◽  
S.V. Litoshko

As a result of the conducted in 2016–2018 studies on the study of the features of photosynthetic activity of the Ratnik hybrid sunflower found that the indicators of the leaf area of one plant and one hectare changed under the influence of the use of mineral fertilizers and growth regulators and were large according to the classical system of basic tillage. The largest indices of the leaf surface area of one plant in all systems of basic tillage were noted with the introduction of full fertilizer N60P60K60. The use of growth regulators in all combinations resulted in an increase in leaf area per plant and per hectare. Large indices of net productivity of photosynthesis were noted in crops according to the classical system of basic tillage, which were, depending on the scheme of drug use: on the control (without fertilizers) – 5,95–6,16 g/m2 × day, in variants with the introduction of N40 – 6,31–6,56 g/m2 × day, in variants with the introduction of N40P60 – 6,25–6,47 g/m2 × day in the variants with the introduction of N60P60K60 – 6,29–6,42 g/m2 × day. The application of mineral fertilizers in various doses contributed to an increase in the net productivity of photosynthesis: according to the classical system by 0,31–0,44, according to the moldboard-free system by 0,02–0,24, at the minimum 0,01–0,08 g/m2 × day. The most favorable conditions for the formation of productivity by sunflower plants have developed according to the classical system of basic tillage with a yield depending on the dose of fertilizers and the option of using growth regulators 2,62–3,46 t/ha. The highest yields of the Ratnik hybrid sunflower – 3.46 and 3.45 t/ha, were obtained when growing according to the classical system of basic tillage, applying mineral fertilizers in a dose of N60P60K60 for pre-sowing cultivation of the second and fifth options for using growth regulators: 2. Rost-concentrate + Chelatin oilseeds (6–8 pairs of real leaves) 5.1 processing: Chelatin phosphorus-potassium + Chelatin мultimix + Chelatin mono boron (3–4 pairs of real leaves), 2 processing: Chelatin mono boron (6–8 pairs of real leaves). The formation of the crop was largely influenced by the system of basic tillage (r = -0.66) and the use of mineral fertilizers (r = 0.61) and the weak use of drugs (r = 0.17). It should be noted the close relationship between yield and leaf surface area (r = 0.78), CPF (r = 0.78), dry matter weight per plant (r = 0.99) and seed weight (r = 0.97 ). Key words: sunflower, system of basic tillage, mineral fertilizer, growth regulator, leaf area, net productivity of photosynthesis, yield.


2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
NAVALSINGH J. TODAWAT

Sooty mould diseases of Tress from Aurangabad district were surveyed. During the survey of tress, 5 species were found infected by fungal pathogens causing sooty mould diseases. Disease is easily identifiable by the presence of a black, velvety growth covering the leaf surface area. The fungus produces mycelium which is superficial and dark grows on the flowers, leaf, stem and sometime on fruits also. The severity of disease depends on the honeydew secretions by insects. The diseases were found to be caused by 5 species of fungi viz. Capnodium anonae, C. ramosum, Capnodium sp., Meliola bangalorensis and Meliola ranganthii.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noa Ligot ◽  
Benoît Pereira ◽  
Patrick Bogaert ◽  
Guillaume Lobet ◽  
Pierre Delmelle

<p>Volcanic ashfall negatively affects crops, causing major economic losses and jeopardising the livelihood of farmers in developing countries where agriculture is at volcanic risk. Ash on plant foliage reduces the amount of incident light, thereby limiting photosynthesis and plant yield. An excessive ash load may also result in mechanical plant damages, such as defoliation and breakage of the stem and twigs. Characterising crop vulnerability to ashfall is critical to conduct a comprehensive volcanic risk analysis. This is normally done by describing the relationship between the ash deposit thickness and the corresponding reduction in crop yield, i.e. a fragility function. However, ash depth measured on the ground surface is a crude proxy of ash retention on plant foliage as this metrics neglects other factors, such as ash particle size, leaf pubescence and condition of humidity at leaf surfaces, which are likely to influence the amount of ash that stays on leaves.</p><p>Here we report the results of greenhouse experiments in which we measured the percentage of leaf surface area covered by ash particles for one hairy leaf plant (tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L.) and one hairless leaf plant (chilli pepper, Capsicum annuum L.) exposed to simulated ashfalls. We tested six particle size ranges (≤ 90, 90-125, 125-250, 250-500, 500-1000, 1000-2000 µm) and two conditions of humidity at leaf surfaces, i.e. dry and wet. Each treatment consisted of 15 replicates. The tomato and chilli pepper plants exposed to ash were at the seven- and eight-leaf stage, respectively. An ash load of ~570 g m<sup>-2 </sup>was applied to each plant using a homemade ashfall simulator. We estimated the leaf surface area covered by ash from pictures taken before and immediately after the simulated ashfall. The ImageJ software was used for image processing and analysis.</p><p>Our results show that leaf coverage by ash increases with decreasing particle size. Exposure of tomato and chilli pepper to ash ≤ 90 μm always led to ~90% coverage of the leaf surface area. For coarser particles sizes (i.e. between 125 and 500 µm) and dry condition at leaf surfaces, a significantly higher percentage (on average 29 and 16%) of the leaf surface area was covered by ash in the case of tomato compared to chilli pepper, highlighting the influence of leaf pubescence on ash retention. In addition, for particle sizes between 90 and 500 µm, wetting of the leaf surfaces prior to ashfall enhanced the ash cover by 19 ± 5% and 34 ± 11% for tomato and chilli pepper, respectively.</p><p>These findings highlight that ash deposit thickness alone cannot describe the hazard intensity accurately. A thin deposit of fine ash (≤ 90 µm) will likely cover the entire leaf surface area, thereby eliciting a disproportionate effect on plant foliage compared to a thicker but coarser deposit. Similarly, for a same ash depth, leaf pubescence and humid conditions at the leaf surfaces will enhance ash retention, thereby increasing the likelihood of damage. Our study will contribute to improve the reliability of crop fragility functions used in volcanic risk assessment.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
O. I. Zhuk ◽  
O.O. Stasik

Aim. The goal of this work was to study the effect of drought in the critical phase of ontogenesis on the growth and productivity of breed winter wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.). Methods. Wheat plants of cultivars Darunok Podillya and Podolyanka were grown under optimal nutrition and well-water conditions until the earing-flowering phase, after that the experimental plants were transferred to drought regime for 8 days, after that the optimal water supply was restored to the end of vegetation. During the experiment, the leaf surface area, the mass of internodes and ear were determined. Ripened plants were analyzed according to the structure of the yield. Results. It was established that the effect of drought in the critical phase of ontogenesis the earing-flowering caused to the decreasing in leaf surface area, mass of internodes, ear, mass and number of grains in the ear and plant, weight of 1000 grains. Conclusions. Water deficit in the soil in the critical phase of earing-flowering led to a decrease in the productive of breed winter wheat plants due to the inhibition of growth of ear, decreasing grain number and the mass of ear and grains. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., internode, ear, productivity, drought.


2019 ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
Alexander Dikan ◽  
Domnica Kashirina ◽  
Irina Ryff

Приводятся результаты трехлетних исследований по клону 337 сорта Каберне-Совиньон в Западном предгорно-приморском районе Крыма. Показано влияние различной нагрузки на куст (11, 17 и 22 глазка) и зеленых операций (чеканка побегов, нормирование урожая, удаление листьев в зоне гроздей с восточной стороны) на величину урожая и коэффициент полезного действия (КПД) фотосинтетически активной радиации (ФАР). Установлено, что максимальная величина КПД ФАР была 0,52% при нагрузке на куст в две лозы плодоношения без последующих зеленых операций. Изменение КПД ФАР на 93,4% зависит от изменения площади листовой поверхности куста. Между КПД ФАР и урожаем винограда с куста существует сильная линейная корреляционная связь и регрессионная зависимость. Изменение массы урожая винограда с куста на 99,9% зависит от изменения площади листовой поверхности куста и КПД ФАР. Увеличенная нагрузка до 17-22 глазков при обрезке будет способствовать наиболее рациональному использованию ресурсов продуктивности кустов клона 337 сорта Каберне-Совиньон в Западном предгорно-приморском районе Крыма.The paper summarizes results of a three-year study on clone 337 of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ cultivar in the western piedmont-coastal region of Crimea. The paper demonstrates the influence of various bush loads (11, 17 and 22 eyes) and green operations (shoot trimming, harvest regulation, leaf removal in the bunch area on the eastern side) on the yield size and efficiency coefficient of photosynthetically active radiation. It was found that the maximum efficiency of photosynthetically active radiation made 0.52% with the bush load of two fruiting canes without subsequent green operations. The 93.4% variance of the efficiency coefficient of photosynthetically active radiation is dependent on leaf surface area variations of the bush. There is a strong linear correlation and regressional relationship between the efficiency of photosynthetically active radiation and the yield of grapes per bush. The 99.9% increase of the yield per bush weight depends on the change in the leaf surface area of the bush and the efficiency coefficient of photosynthetically active radiation. Increasing the load up to 17-22 buds when pruning will contribute to the most rational use of bush productivity resources of clone 337 of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ in the western piedmont-coastal region of Crimea.


2009 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl J. Niklas ◽  
Edward D. Cobb ◽  
Hanns-Christof Spatz

Author(s):  
O. A. Shevchuk

The specificity of the action of antigibberelin drugs is that they can influence the processes and intensity that cannot be corrected by agronomic measures of cultivation. The purpose of the work was to scientifically substantiate the use of plant growth inhibitors with an antigibberelin type of action as an element of soybean cultivation technology, to identify their effect on growth, development and productivity. The research was carried out on a soybean plants of the Triada variety. At a height of shoots 10-15 cm plants were treated with aqueous solutions: 0.5% tebuconazole, 0.2% ethephon and 0.5% chlormequat chloride until complete wetting of the leaves. Control plants were treated with water. During the research, morphological parameters, leaf surface area, and organ mass were defined. It was established that the use of plant growth inhibitors with an antigibberelinic mechanism of action (the ethylene producer esfone (0,2 %), the triazole-derived retardant tebuconazole (0,5 %) and the onium preparation chlormequat chloride (0,5 %) on soybean plants led to morphological and anatomical changes: decreasing of the mass of leaves and stem, increasing the thickness of the stem and root collar. The preparations reduced the length of internodes of soybean plants,, that created the preconditions for plant resistance to lodging. Plant growth inhibitors had different effects on the leaf surface area of soybean plants: there was an increase in this indicator by 24% for the use of chlormequat chloride, and processing with esfon and tebuconazole led to a decrease of 26% and 23% accordingly. Different effects of retardants were found on the length of the main root. Under the action of esfon the length of the main root decreased by 20%; the application of both chlormequatchloride and tebuconazole, this indication increased accordingly by 43% and 37%. The question of studying the influence of modern plant growth regulators with a different mechanism of action on the productivity of different varieties of legumes remains relevant


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-316
Author(s):  
Reem Hamdan ◽  
◽  
Imad Ismail ◽  
Insaf Akel ◽  
◽  
...  

Hamdan, R.S., I.D. Ismail and I. Akel. 2021. Effect of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Infection on Some Growth Indicators of Pepper Hybrids Grown Under Plastic House Conditions in Lattakia Governorate, Syria. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 39(4): 309-316. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-39.4.309316 This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) infection on some growth parameters of several pepper hybrids grown under protected cultivation along the Syrian coast. Four pepper hybrids (Capsicum annum) were tested, two hot (Lahab, Sirad) and two sweet (Nevada, Dallas) peppers. The research was carried out during the 2020-2021 growing season in a plastic house at the Agriculture Scientific Research Center in Lattakia, using a randomized complete block design, with 8 treatments, three replicates and 5 plants per replicate. The results obtained showed that the sweet pepper hybrids (Nevada, Dallas) were more sensitive to infection with Tomato yellow leaf curl virus than the hot pepper hybrids (Lahab, Sirad), without significant differences among them. The pepper hybrid Nevada did not show any apparent symptoms, and the effect of the virus on some growth parameters (number flowers, flower setting, and the leaf surface area) was evident in comparison with other hybrids, but the differences were not significant. The Dallas, Sirad and Lahab pepper hybrids showed visible symptoms in response to infection with infection rate of 93.33%, 80% and 80%, respectively. The effect of virus infection on the growth parameters of these hybrids was variable. The reduction in the flowers number of Nevada, Dallas, Cirad and Lahab after 45 days of infection was 33%, 31.10%, 10.23% and 5.07%, respectively, and also with a reduction in the number of flowers setting of 77.39%, 20.87%, 23.33% and 66.68%, respectively. The same was true for the leaf surface area, where reduction rate for the Nevada, Dallas, Sirad and Lahab hybrids 30 days after infection was 48.17%, 53.06%, 16.45% and 36.6%, respectively. Keywords: Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, pepper hybrids, growth parameter, host resistance, protected agriculture.


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