scholarly journals Integrated highland wildfire, smoke, and haze management in the Upper Indochina region

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Kobsak Wanthongchai ◽  
Veerachai Tanpipat ◽  
Prayoonyong Noochaiya ◽  
Nion Sirimongkonlertkun ◽  
Ronald Macatangay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Fuel Load ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Wildfire Smoke

Fire has long been used in Southeast Asia for the purposes of cooking, protection, and warmth. However, climate change and economic pressure have modified the life of locals, including fire practices in daily life and other fire uses. The land use of forest cover in highland area (mostly deciduous forest) has shifted to cultivation, with the application of slash-and-burn techniques. This results in frequent unplanned fires causing pollution in the form of smoke and haze. A zero-burn policy has been implemented to tackle this problem but such a policy may not be appropriate as people still need fire as a basic tool for agriculture land preparation. Moreover, the deciduous forest is a fire-dependent ecosystem to maintain its ecosystem. Frequent burning by local people or excessive government intervention in preventing fires can impact this ecosystem. In the highlands, shifting cultivation has gradually been replaced by rotational agricultural practice with a cycle of 2 to 5 years. However, the fuel load for a 2-year rotation period is only 0.25 tha-1 higher than that of a mixed deciduous forest. New fire risk maps classified according to forest types were produced for Thailand, Lao PDR, and Myanmar. We report that the mixing layer (ML) height in Chiang Mai Province was, on average, 500 m during March, with common occurrence of subsidence inversion resulting in further lowering of air quality during this month. A participatory process to develop a Community Based Fire Management (CBFiM) was undertaken and it was observed that a successful implementation would need a community with a strong leadership.

scholarly journals USING AIRBORNE LIDAR DATA FOR ASSESSMENT OF FOREST FIRE FUEL LOAD POTENTIAL

2017 ◽  
Vol IV-4/W4 ◽  
pp. 255-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. İnan ◽  
E. Bilici ◽  
A. E. Akay
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Fuel Load ◽  
Cloud Data

Forest fire incidences are one of the most detrimental disasters that may cause long terms effects on forest ecosystems in many parts of the world. In order to minimize environmental damages of fires on forest ecosystems, the forested areas with high fire risk should be determined so that necessary precaution measurements can be implemented in those areas. Assessment of forest fire fuel load can be used to estimate forest fire risk. In order to estimate fuel load capacity, forestry parameters such as number of trees, tree height, tree diameter, crown diameter, and tree volume should be accurately measured. In recent years, with the advancements in remote sensing technology, it is possible to use airborne LIDAR for data estimation of forestry parameters. In this study, the capabilities of using LIDAR based point cloud data for assessment of the forest fuel load potential was investigated. The research area was chosen in the Istanbul Bentler series of Bahceköy Forest Enterprise Directorate that composed of mixed deciduous forest structure.

scholarly journals Different forest cover and its impact on eco-hydrological traits, invertebrate fauna and biodiversity of spring habitats

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 85-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Reiss ◽  
Peter Chifflard
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Conifer Forest ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Structure Mapping ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Low Mountain Ranges

Headwater springs in the German Low Mountain Ranges are local ecotone habitats and biogeographical islands embedded in and interlinked with their adjacent landscape. The structure of forests reflects the eco-hydrological conditions in substrate type occurrence, microhabitat richness and biodiversity in forest springs. This study considers effects from different forest land cover by comparing spring habitats in deciduous beech forests and coniferous spruce forests on eco-hydrological structures and biodiversity. Study areas include six different forest landscapes in the Low Mountain Ranges in Central Germany in Hesse and Thuringia. Hydro-morphological structure mapping and invertebrate sampling was executed within a multi-habitat sampling regime, which involves sampling plots being allocated according to the cover ratio of the occurring substrata. Aquatic and terrestrial spring zones are considered with respect to an ecotone approach. Some in situ measurements were implemented, such as pH values, to assess the acidity of the spring water. Results show obvious differences in acidity, substrate type cover ratios and biodiversity in deciduous and coniferous forest springs. Conifer forest springs were found tending to acidification while deciduous forest springs were slightly alkaline. Deciduous forest springs had higher cover ratios of organic microhabitats as well as a higher biodiversity in species richness and total number of individuals. Although it was not possible to clearly distinguish one direct key factor of fauna assemblages, negative effects from forest management practices (e.g. monoculture plantations of conifer forest) on spring habitats can be concluded.

scholarly journals Fire on the Mountain. Disturbance and Regeneration in Deciduous and Conifer Forests. 20 Years of Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-60
Author(s):  
Erhard Schulz ◽  
Hussein Almohamad ◽  
Attila Bencsik ◽  
Horea Cacovean ◽  
Mathias Hall
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Forest Disturbance ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Forest History ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Conifer Forests ◽  
Slash And Burn ◽  
Wild Fire ◽  
Evolution Of Vegetation

"Fire on the Mountain. Disturbance and Regeneration in Deciduous and Conifer Forests. 20 Years of Experience. Two test and monitoring sites in SW Germany (Forchtenberg) and Leghia (NW Romania) furnish insights to the regeneration modes after fire, clearing, burning, and cultivation -slash and burn - in a deciduous forest or after wildfire in a conifer stand. Forest maps and archivalia helped to reconstruct the forest history of the last 250 years of the Forchtenberg site, which as a heritage still influences the present situation. We could document the autonomous co- evolution of vegetation and soil over two decades. It was done by transects and mapping as well as by soil analysis and micromorphology. The role of soil animals for the weathering of charcoals became evident. The evolution of vegetation and soil after a wildfire could be studied on the Leghia site and compared with the Forchtenberg results. As the Leghia site was not cleared after the fire, it enabled us to follow the stages of decay and of regeneration, where conifers do not play a role. Moreover, one could investigate the effects of grass- and pasture fire, still active in the region. It also evidenced the necessary differentiation of charred material into wood- and grass coal. The indicator values of topsoil/soil surfaces are presented as well as those of charred material for the regeneration stages. Finally, we will discuss the fire risk in deciduous forests under a changing climate. Keywords: Forest disturbance, succession types, forest history, slash and burn, wild fire, charcoal taphonomy, fire risk. "

scholarly journals Integrating Forest Cover Change with Census Data: Drivers and Contexts from Bolivia and the Lao PDR

Land ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Boillat ◽  
Hy Dao ◽  
Patrick Bottazzi ◽  
Yuri Sandoval ◽  
Abraham Luna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Forest Cover Change

Studies on the genus Capparis L. (Capparaceae) in Lao PDR. III: A new species from the deciduous forest of the Hin Nam No National Protected Area

Webbia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keooudone Souvannakhoummane ◽  
Silvio Fici ◽  
Soulivanh Lanorsavanh ◽  
Vichith Lamxay
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
A New Species

scholarly journals Assessment of the Characteristics of Recent Major Wildfires in the USA, Australia and Brazil in 2018–2019 Using Multi-Source Satellite Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahlatse Kganyago ◽  
Lerato Shikwambana
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Fuel Load ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Radiative Power ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

This study analysed the characteristics of the recent (2018–2019) wildfires that occurred in the USA, Brazil, and Australia using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) active fires (AF), fire radiative power (FRP, MW) and burned area (BA) products. Meteorological and environmental parameters were also analysed. The study found various patterns in the spatial distribution of fires, FRP and BA at the three sites, associated with various vegetation compositions, prevailing meteorological and environmental conditions and anthropogenic activities. We found significant fire clusters along the western and eastern coasts of the USA and Australia, respectively, while vastly distributed clusters were found in Brazil. Across all sites, significant fire intensity was recorded over forest cover (FC) and shrublands (SL), attributed to highly combustible tree crown fuel load characterised by leafy canopies and thin branches. In agreement, BA over FC was the highest in the USA and Australia, while Brazil was dominated by the burning of SL, characteristic of fire-tolerant Cerrado. The relatively lower BA over FC in Brazil can be attributed to fuel availability and proximity to highly flammable cover types such as cropland, SL and grasslands rather than fuel flammability. Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of wildfires in various regions and the underlying environmental and meteorological causal factors, towards better wildfire disaster management strategies and habitat-specific firefighting.

scholarly journals Healthcare staff attitudes towards the use of electronic cigarettes (‘e-cigarettes’) compared with a local trust policy

2016 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J Pippard ◽  
Mark D Shipley
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Staff Attitudes ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Barriers To Implementation

Background: E-cigarette use has risen dramatically in recent years, despite uncertainty over long-term health effects and concerns regarding efficacy as a smoking cessation device. Currently, there is no legislation prohibiting use in public, though many trusts have extended the NHS Smokefree policy to include e-cigarettes. The successful implementation of such policy is, however, unclear. Aim: This study examined staff attitudes towards the use of e-cigarettes in a hospital environment with respect to enforcement of a local trust smoking policy. Methods: A total of 79 healthcare professionals working at South Tyneside District Hospital, South Shields, completed a written questionnaire regarding use of e-cigarettes, particularly views on use in public and on hospital premises. Factors influencing the likelihood of individuals to challenge the use of e-cigarettes were assessed. Results: In all, 45% of respondents thought that e-cigarettes should be allowed in public places, though a majority (62%) favoured use on hospital grounds compared to within hospital buildings (18%). Over 50% of respondents were unaware of trust policy relating to e-cigarettes and only 25% had ever challenged someone using a device. Roughly, one-third reported that they would still not challenge someone in future, despite being informed of trust policy. Fear of abuse was the most cited reason for not challenging. Expressed concerns of e-cigarette use related to fire risk, ‘normalising’ smoking behaviour and uncertainty of long-term effects. Conclusion: Most staff do not enforce trust policy regarding e-cigarette use. This reflects variation in opinion over use, poor awareness of the policy itself and perceived barriers to implementation, including fear of abuse. Addressing these issues through staff education sessions may help successful future implementation.

scholarly journals The western black crested gibbon Nomascus concolor in Laos: new records and conservation status

Oryx ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlyne Johnson ◽  
Sarinda Singh ◽  
Malaykham Duangdala ◽  
Michael Hedemark
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
New Records ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Nomascus Concolor

Few viable populations of western black crested gibbon Nomascus concolor remain in southern China and northern Indochina, where the species is endemic. We conducted village surveys in the Nam Ha National Protected Area in Luang Namtha Province, Lao PDR to assess presence and status of gibbon populations. Forest surveys used to verify gibbon presence and species identification confirmed village reports of gibbon populations in three locations, and sonogram analysis identified all as N. concolor. These represent an expansion in the known distribution of western black crested gibbon in Lao PDR and the only known populations to occur inside the national protected area system. Significantly longer times since gibbons were last reported were associated with villages with <50% forest cover and high human populations. Although village taboos regarding gibbon hunting were reported, hunting and trade were nevertheless identified as factors contributing to gibbon decline. Results indicated that increased community-based management, public education and enforcement are needed to maintain N. concolor populations and their habitat in Lao PDR.

scholarly journals Capparis macrantha sp. nov. (Capparaceae, Brassicales), a new shrub species from a deciduous forest of the Nam Kading National Protected Area (central Lao PDR)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keooudone Souvannakhoummane ◽  
Silvio Fici ◽  
Soulivanh Lanorsavanh ◽  
Jeong Ho Park ◽  
Ho Sang Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Shrub Species

Capparis macrantha Souvannakhoummane, Fici & Lanorsavanh sp. nov., a new shrub species characterized by erect or ascending habit, stipular thorns, large lanceolate-elliptic leaves and large flowers in supra-axillary rows, is described and illustrated from the deciduous forest in Nam Kading National Protected Area (central Lao PDR). The new species belongs to Capparis sect. Monostichocalyx Radlk. and is morphologically similar to C. radula Gagnep., a shrub widespread in the Indochinese area, differing in the shorter, straight stipular thorns, larger leaves, larger sepals and petals, higher number of stamens with longer filaments and longer gynophore and ovary. Its affinities with related taxa are discussed and a key is provided for the species of Capparis L. known from Lao PDR. The conservation status of the new species is provisionally assessed as Vulnerable (VU D1).

scholarly journals Capparis macrantha sp. nov. (Capparaceae, Brassicales), a new shrub species from a deciduous forest of the Nam Kading National Protected Area (central Lao PDR)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keooudone Souvannakhoummane ◽  
Silvio Fici ◽  
Soulivanh Lanorsavanh ◽  
Jeong Ho Park ◽  
Ho Sang Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Shrub Species

Capparis macrantha Souvannakhoummane, Fici & Lanorsavanh sp. nov., a new shrub species characterized by erect or ascending habit, stipular thorns, large lanceolate-elliptic leaves and large flowers in supra-axillary rows, is described and illustrated from the deciduous forest in Nam Kading National Protected Area (central Lao PDR). The new species belongs to Capparis sect. Monostichocalyx Radlk. and is morphologically similar to C. radula Gagnep., a shrub widespread in the Indochinese area, differing in the shorter, straight stipular thorns, larger leaves, larger sepals and petals, higher number of stamens with longer filaments and longer gynophore and ovary. Its affinities with related taxa are discussed and a key is provided for the species of Capparis L. known from Lao PDR. The conservation status of the new species is provisionally assessed as Vulnerable (VU D1).

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