The Nordic Scimitar: External relations and the creation of elite ideology

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ørjan Engedal
Pelícano ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Marcelo Paulo Correa

The creation of an Aragones Faction during Alfonso XI’s Minority (1312-1325): External Relations as Courtesans RelationsResumenEl presente artículo es resultado de una investigación micropolítica centrada en el estudio de los vínculos políticos establecidos entre personajes importantes de la Corte castellana con agentes políticos del rey Jaime II de Aragón.A través de la documentación epistolar y cronística se analiza la progresiva construcción de una facción cortesana favorable al monarca aragonés, en el entorno político de los tutores de Alfonso XI.AbstractThis article is the result of a micropolitical research focused on the study of the political links between important people of the Castilian Court and political agents of King James II of Aragon.Through the letters and chronicles, the progressive development of a courtly faction in favour of the Aragonese King is being analysed, in the political environment of Alfonso XI's regents.Key words: Castilla, Alfonso XI, Court, external relations, Aragón.


Author(s):  
Thomas Ramopoulos

The creation of the dual post of the High Representative who is also a vice-president of the Commission in accordance with Article 18(4) TEU, is among the most important and visible changes that the ToL brought about in EU external relations. Together with the common list of external action principles and objectives in Article 21 TEU, the drafters of the EU Treaties attempted thereby to bridge the gap between CFSP and non-CFSP external policies and internal policies with an external dimension.


2009 ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Guia Migani

- This article analyses the EEC development policy between 1957, year of the signature of the Rome's Treaties, and 1975, signature of the Lomé Convention. In the first part, we examine the origins of the development policy, also called "Association policy" because the African colonies were associated to the EEC. In the second part, we analyse the two Yaoundé Conventions of Association (1963 and 1969) signed by the European and the African states. During this period the Six concentrated their discussions on the reform of the Convention after the independence of the African countries and the creation of UNCTAD. In the last part, the article focuses on the Seventies and on the Lomé Convention which renewed the instruments of the European Development policy and the relationship between the Nine and the Developing states. The negotiations of the three Conventions (Yaoundé I, Yaoundé II and Lomé) represent good opportunities to study the motivations and the role of the most important actors. Also, the evolution of the European development policy is analysed in relation with the changes of the international context.Parole chiave: Politica di associazione, Cooperazione allo sviluppo, Convenzione di Yaoundé, Convenzione di Lomé, Paesi ACP, Relazioni esterne della CEE EEC Association Policies, EEC Development Policies, Yaoundé Convention, Lomé Convention, ACP Countries, EEC External Relations


Author(s):  
William Bain

This chapter lays out rival conceptions of order. The theory of immanent order is predicated on a doctrine of internal relations such that mutually related things jointly compose an interconnected whole. This whole imparts a necessary and rationally intelligible pattern of place and purpose, knowledge of which is acquired by investigating both efficient and final causes. The theory of imposed order is predicated on a doctrine of external relations. Singular things, having no intrinsic connections, enter into relations that are imposed from without, either by legislation or the force exerted by an impersonal mechanism. The result is a contingent pattern of order that is explained with reference to empirical observation and investigating efficient causes. Each of these theories of order presupposes a particular conception of God and a particular interpretation of the creation story in Genesis. These theories provide the ground of the argument that is developed throughout this book, namely that modern theories of international order are deeply indebted to ideas traceable to the biblical conception of God and the emphasis it places on will, power, and might. The implications here are twofold. First, modern international thought did not emerge de novo with the collapse of medieval Christendom. Second, particular conceptions of God give rise to analogies and metaphors that are used to comment on questions of politics and law. The chapter concludes by suggesting that the character of modern theories of international order is negotiated by the distinctive commitments of these rival theories.


2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Fedor I. Girenok

In the article the author analyzes the reversion of Russian thought to its original roots. The starting point of such turn can be considered the research and studies of Yu. F. Samarin. Before Samarin Russian thinkers usually addressed European sources in their work. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that Samarin was the first to make Russian thought to resort to its own roots That turn served as the basis for the creation of Russian philosophy that is characterized by the subjectifying thinking and personal world outlook rather than objectifying thinking and conceptual framework. Samarin was greatly influenced by the revision of Baltic governorates in Russia.In the article the author also examines discussions between Kavelin and Samarin and remarks on the fruitfulness of the idea of a collegial individual. Samarin understand the inner (subjective) essence as a complex connection of the external relations of the people united by one and the same idea.


Author(s):  
Inge Van Hulle

Chapter 3 discusses the indiscriminate extension of extraterritoriality by British imperial agents as a defining feature of British imperial legal techniques. From 1843 onwards, it is possible to discern a boom in the legislation providing for the exercise of extraterritorial jurisdiction and for the creation of consular posts. The term ‘protection’ was an inherent part of the discourse of imperial agents when they referred to the need to extend extraterritorial jurisdiction. In the context of empire, ‘protection’ proved a flexible semiotic tool that often understated the vast extent of intervention that went hand in hand with its use in legal settings. At the same in the meaning of protection as a military alliance implying control over external relations continued to survive and referred to the physical protection of African polities in return for their exclusive relationship with Britain. The growth of extraterritoriality is directly related to the genesis of the ‘colonial’ protectorate as a form of imperial governance.


2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.


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