Extraterritorial Jurisdiction and the Dawn of the Protectorate

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-164
Author(s):  
Inge Van Hulle
Keyword(s):  
Physical Protection ◽  
Military Alliance ◽  
External Relations ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Extraterritorial Jurisdiction ◽  
Imperial Governance ◽  
Inherent Part

Chapter 3 discusses the indiscriminate extension of extraterritoriality by British imperial agents as a defining feature of British imperial legal techniques. From 1843 onwards, it is possible to discern a boom in the legislation providing for the exercise of extraterritorial jurisdiction and for the creation of consular posts. The term ‘protection’ was an inherent part of the discourse of imperial agents when they referred to the need to extend extraterritorial jurisdiction. In the context of empire, ‘protection’ proved a flexible semiotic tool that often understated the vast extent of intervention that went hand in hand with its use in legal settings. At the same in the meaning of protection as a military alliance implying control over external relations continued to survive and referred to the physical protection of African polities in return for their exclusive relationship with Britain. The growth of extraterritoriality is directly related to the genesis of the ‘colonial’ protectorate as a form of imperial governance.

scholarly journals The Racial Structure of Sociological Thought: Colonial Modernity in Historical Sociology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricarda Hammer ◽  
José Itzigsohn
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Historical Sociology ◽  
Knowledge Structures ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Colonial Modernity ◽  
Sociological Thought ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Imperial Governance

Racism is central to colonial modernity, a global historical project tied to colonialism and imperial governance. Racism and its diverse historical manifestations should in theory be key areas of study for historical sociology: the displacement of populations, the dispossession of lands, genocide, slavery, the coercive exploitation of workers of color, and the creation of a way of seeing people through race. Yet, historical sociological scholarship has to date failed to address how racism and colonialism have structured the modern world. This, we argue, is the result of two problems: First, historical sociology’s ontology and vision of modernity does not see colonialism as central to and constituting the modern world. Second, historical sociology’s Weberian roots produced a methodological approach that detaches theoretical categories from specific historical contexts in the pursuit of generalization. This approach cannot capture the historicity of theory and thus address the subfield’s racial structures of knowledge. As an alternative, we propose that previously silenced anticolonial sociologists provide a different model for historical sociology, one that emphasizes the centrality of colonialism and empire in the constitution of modernity and locates theoretical categories in this historical context. We argue that to overcome the racial underpinning of its knowledge structures, historical sociology has to rebuild itself in this anticolonial mode.

AMERICAN ANTI-MISSLE SHIELD, EASTERN EUROPEAN ASSET TO DISCOURAGE BALLISTIC ATTACKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Valentin PETRESCU
Keyword(s):  
Military Power ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Missile Defense ◽  
Military Alliance ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Ballistic Trajectory ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Political Economic

Abstract: Air-missile defense is a mission of anti-aircraft missile troops known in the field as anti-missile shield. It describes an anti-ballistic area intended for research, discovery, interception and combat of surface-to-air or air-to-air missiles with ballistic trajectory. The existence of the anti-missile shield implies the creation of a security zone of allied states, institutional structures and population that can ensure their functionality and existence, deployed on an alignment (territories of several states), in order to maintain a state of normalcy and security. This defense system must include the threatened states, members of the politico-military alliance, regardless of their economic and military power. The security environment also concerns both the population of those countries and the objectives of great political, economic, strategic, critical and military infrastructure importance.

scholarly journals REGIONAL SECURITY IN THE MIDDLE EAST AREA IN THE PERIOD OF THE COLD WAR. TURKEY'S CONTRIBUTION TO REGIONAL SECURITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Gabriela-Nicoleta Dragne
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
The Political ◽  
Military Alliance ◽  
Intelligence Services ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Cold War

The alliance belt between Turkey, Iran, Pakistan and Iraq led to the creation of the political-military bloc nicknamed the Baghdad Pact, which aimed to limit Soviet expansionism to the warm seas and the Gulf and to ensure peace and security in the Middle East region.Another trio of non-Arab states in the East: Turkey, Israel and Iran formed an influential military alliance in the late 1950s under the name of the Phantom Pact or the Peripheral Alliance in order to coordinate the activity of the three secret intelligence services, to coordinate their activities. express their anti-Soviet stance and maintain regional security. Equally, Turkey's involvement in regional affairs played an essential role. Today, the presence of the UN in the area, is facing a new danger of our times: terrorism.

scholarly journals La creación de una facción aragonesa en Castilla durante la minoría de Alfonso XI (1312-1325): las relaciones exteriores como relaciones cortesanas

Pelícano ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Marcelo Paulo Correa
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
External Relations ◽  
Important People ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Political Agents

The creation of an Aragones Faction during Alfonso XI’s Minority (1312-1325): External Relations as Courtesans RelationsResumenEl presente artículo es resultado de una investigación micropolítica centrada en el estudio de los vínculos políticos establecidos entre personajes importantes de la Corte castellana con agentes políticos del rey Jaime II de Aragón.A través de la documentación epistolar y cronística se analiza la progresiva construcción de una facción cortesana favorable al monarca aragonés, en el entorno político de los tutores de Alfonso XI.AbstractThis article is the result of a micropolitical research focused on the study of the political links between important people of the Castilian Court and political agents of King James II of Aragon.Through the letters and chronicles, the progressive development of a courtly faction in favour of the Aragonese King is being analysed, in the political environment of Alfonso XI's regents.Key words: Castilla, Alfonso XI, Court, external relations, Aragón.

What Is a Safe Area? Definition, Typology and Empirical Cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-432
Author(s):  
Robin Hering
Keyword(s):  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
Target Group ◽  
Precise Definition ◽  
The Political ◽  
Physical Protection ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Safe Area ◽  
Extensive Collection ◽  
The Creation ◽  
A Minor

Abstract In today’s conflicts, the number of people needing physical protection is at an all-time high. Often, protection is provided by the creation of safe areas. Although the notion largely disappeared after the Srebrenica genocide, safe areas have continued to exist empirically. Recently, safe areas had a minor revival in academic analysis and in the political rhetoric vis-à-vis Syria. Yet, fundamental gaps remain as it is still unclear what a safe area actually is and whether all safe areas function in the same way. This article develops a precise definition and comprehensive typology of safe areas. The definition is based on considerations regarding geographical limitation and location, target group, kind of provided protection, involved actors, and effective existence. Furthermore, four ideal types of safe areas are identified based on a division between belligerents’ consent/international presence and different geographical sizes. This is complemented by an extensive collection of empirical cases since 1900.

Article 27 TEU

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Ramopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Vice President ◽  
External Action ◽  
External Relations ◽  
The Common ◽  
External Dimension ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Eu

The creation of the dual post of the High Representative who is also a vice-president of the Commission in accordance with Article 18(4) TEU, is among the most important and visible changes that the ToL brought about in EU external relations. Together with the common list of external action principles and objectives in Article 21 TEU, the drafters of the EU Treaties attempted thereby to bridge the gap between CFSP and non-CFSP external policies and internal policies with an external dimension.

La politica di cooperazione allo sviluppo della CEE: dall'associazione alla partnership (1957-1975)

2009 ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Guia Migani
Keyword(s):  
Development Policy ◽  
African Countries ◽  
International Context ◽  
External Relations ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
European Development ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Association Policy ◽  
The Relationship

- This article analyses the EEC development policy between 1957, year of the signature of the Rome's Treaties, and 1975, signature of the Lomé Convention. In the first part, we examine the origins of the development policy, also called "Association policy" because the African colonies were associated to the EEC. In the second part, we analyse the two Yaoundé Conventions of Association (1963 and 1969) signed by the European and the African states. During this period the Six concentrated their discussions on the reform of the Convention after the independence of the African countries and the creation of UNCTAD. In the last part, the article focuses on the Seventies and on the Lomé Convention which renewed the instruments of the European Development policy and the relationship between the Nine and the Developing states. The negotiations of the three Conventions (Yaoundé I, Yaoundé II and Lomé) represent good opportunities to study the motivations and the role of the most important actors. Also, the evolution of the European development policy is analysed in relation with the changes of the international context.Parole chiave: Politica di associazione, Cooperazione allo sviluppo, Convenzione di Yaoundé, Convenzione di Lomé, Paesi ACP, Relazioni esterne della CEE EEC Association Policies, EEC Development Policies, Yaoundé Convention, Lomé Convention, ACP Countries, EEC External Relations

Rival Conceptions of Order

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-54
Author(s):  
William Bain
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
International Order ◽  
Empirical Observation ◽  
Creation Story ◽  
External Relations ◽  
Internal Relations ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Will Power ◽  
Final Causes ◽  
Politics And Law

This chapter lays out rival conceptions of order. The theory of immanent order is predicated on a doctrine of internal relations such that mutually related things jointly compose an interconnected whole. This whole imparts a necessary and rationally intelligible pattern of place and purpose, knowledge of which is acquired by investigating both efficient and final causes. The theory of imposed order is predicated on a doctrine of external relations. Singular things, having no intrinsic connections, enter into relations that are imposed from without, either by legislation or the force exerted by an impersonal mechanism. The result is a contingent pattern of order that is explained with reference to empirical observation and investigating efficient causes. Each of these theories of order presupposes a particular conception of God and a particular interpretation of the creation story in Genesis. These theories provide the ground of the argument that is developed throughout this book, namely that modern theories of international order are deeply indebted to ideas traceable to the biblical conception of God and the emphasis it places on will, power, and might. The implications here are twofold. First, modern international thought did not emerge de novo with the collapse of medieval Christendom. Second, particular conceptions of God give rise to analogies and metaphors that are used to comment on questions of politics and law. The chapter concludes by suggesting that the character of modern theories of international order is negotiated by the distinctive commitments of these rival theories.

Samarin – the Turn of Russian Thought to Its Roots

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Fedor I. Girenok
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
World Outlook ◽  
The People ◽  
External Relations ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Creation

In the article the author analyzes the reversion of Russian thought to its original roots. The starting point of such turn can be considered the research and studies of Yu. F. Samarin. Before Samarin Russian thinkers usually addressed European sources in their work. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that Samarin was the first to make Russian thought to resort to its own roots That turn served as the basis for the creation of Russian philosophy that is characterized by the subjectifying thinking and personal world outlook rather than objectifying thinking and conceptual framework. Samarin was greatly influenced by the revision of Baltic governorates in Russia.In the article the author also examines discussions between Kavelin and Samarin and remarks on the fruitfulness of the idea of a collegial individual. Samarin understand the inner (subjective) essence as a complex connection of the external relations of the people united by one and the same idea.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document