The Olympic sports development in the context of marketing and their professionalization

Currently, the sports industry is generated by a professional movement. The association policy has strong repercussions on the degree of professionalism, efficiency and freedom of initiative in the activity of professionals in the field. In modern society, professional sports are presented as a type of business, as an important part of the entertainment industry, as well as one of the most complex forms of trade. In other words, we can mention that professional sport is a type of entrepreneurial activity, whose purpose is to make a profit from the sale of the competitive show. In the last decade, professional sports have actively developed, both nationally and internationally, so that the practice of entering into partnerships has expanded, if we refer to athletes who are interested in working in foreign clubs. The professionalization of sport is an objective, inevitable process that contributes to an increase in the effectiveness, technicality, aesthetics and entertainment of sport. In addition, placing sport on a new organizational and economic basis gives the state the opportunity to supplement its budget with additional financial resources [3, 4]. However, the characterization of the dynamics of the development of professional sports, reflected by several authors, attests to the fact that, through its professionalization, sport loses its function and humanistic role in society. "Professional sport is a social disaster, because its product does not only consist of victories and results that constitute the glory and image of a state, but involves people who have lost their health" [5]. In professional sports, the principle of the Olympic sport "Fair - play" loses its meaning, leaving room for the one referring to obtaining "Victory at any cost" (intimidation of the opponent, aggression, fraud, severe psychological pressure on the competitor out of competition and in the competitive process). We are currently witnessing the commercialization of sport and the fact that the Olympic movement is beginning to be a "synthesis of sports performance, advertising technology and public policy". Olympic sports are distancing themselves from mass (ordinary) sports, arguments highlighted by the following aspects: the rapid growth of sports achievements is not in line with those of the physical condition of the population. At the same time, Olympic sports guide and ensure the subsidization of huge sums from a state budget. For example, the budget for the Tokyo Olympics was 1.6 - 1.8 trillion Japanese yen, or about 14.5 - 16.2 billion euros for 33 sporting events, 47 disciplines and 324 events, at which was attended by over 12,000 athletes [7].

Nonprofit Advocacy at the American Heart Association: Creating a Visionary Way Forward at Our 40th Anniversary: An American Heart Association Policy Statement

In 2021, the American Heart Association celebrates its 40th anniversary in advocacy. This policy statement details the arc of the organization’s nonpartisan, evidence-based, equity-focused approach to advocating for public policy change, highlighting key milestones and describing the core components of the association’s capacity and activity at all levels of government. This policy statement presents a vision and strategic imperative for future American Heart Association advocacy efforts to inform and influence policy changes that advance equitable, impactful societal solutions that transform and improve cardiovascular health for everyone. The American Heart Association maintains accountability by measuring and evaluating the totality of this work and its impact on equitable health outcomes. The American Heart Association will apply these lessons to constantly refine its own strategic policy focus and advocacy efforts. The association will also serve as a resource and catalyst to other organizations working to engage and educate policy makers, partners, the media, and funders about the important role and contribution of public policy change to achieve shared goals.

Optimal Deployment of Tethered Drones for Maximum Cellular Coverage in User Clusters

<div>Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have recently received a significant interest to assist terrestrial wireless</div><div>networks thanks to their strong line-of-sight links and flexible/instant deployment. However, UAVs’ assistance</div><div>is limited by their battery lifetime and wireless backhaul link capacity. At the expense of limited mobility,</div><div>tethered UAVs (T-UAVs) can be a viable alternative to provide seamless service over a cable that simultaneously</div><div>supplies power and data from a ground station (GS). Accordingly, this paper presents a comparative performance</div><div>analysis of T-UAV and regular/untethered UAV (U-UAV)-assisted cellular traffic offloading from a geographical</div><div>area that undergoes heavy traffic conditions. By using stochastic geometry tools, we first derive joint distance</div><div>distributions between the hot-spot users, the terrestrial base station (TBS), and the UAV. To maximize the endto-</div><div>end signal-to-noise ratio, a user association policy is developed, and corresponding association regions are</div><div>analytically identified. Then, the overall coverage probability of the U-UAV/T-UAV-assisted system is derived for</div><div>given locations of the TBS and the U-UAV/T-UAV. Moreover, we analytically prove that optimal UAV location</div><div>falls within a partial surface of the spherical cone centered at the GS. Numerical results show that T-UAV</div><div>outperforms U-UAV given that sufficient GS locations accessibility and tether length are provided.</div>

Optimal Deployment of Tethered Drones for Maximum Cellular Coverage in User Clusters

<div>Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have recently received a significant interest to assist terrestrial wireless</div><div>networks thanks to their strong line-of-sight links and flexible/instant deployment. However, UAVs’ assistance</div><div>is limited by their battery lifetime and wireless backhaul link capacity. At the expense of limited mobility,</div><div>tethered UAVs (T-UAVs) can be a viable alternative to provide seamless service over a cable that simultaneously</div><div>supplies power and data from a ground station (GS). Accordingly, this paper presents a comparative performance</div><div>analysis of T-UAV and regular/untethered UAV (U-UAV)-assisted cellular traffic offloading from a geographical</div><div>area that undergoes heavy traffic conditions. By using stochastic geometry tools, we first derive joint distance</div><div>distributions between the hot-spot users, the terrestrial base station (TBS), and the UAV. To maximize the endto-</div><div>end signal-to-noise ratio, a user association policy is developed, and corresponding association regions are</div><div>analytically identified. Then, the overall coverage probability of the U-UAV/T-UAV-assisted system is derived for</div><div>given locations of the TBS and the U-UAV/T-UAV. Moreover, we analytically prove that optimal UAV location</div><div>falls within a partial surface of the spherical cone centered at the GS. Numerical results show that T-UAV</div><div>outperforms U-UAV given that sufficient GS locations accessibility and tether length are provided.</div>

Research Ethics Beyond the IRB: Selection Bias and the Direction of Innovation in Applied Economics

Principles for ethical behavior in the context of research are codified into rules that may change over time to meet peoples’ needs in specific institutions, including universities and professional associations. This paper aims to spark discussion about a set of ethical choices beyond those addressed by an IRB or recent association policy statements. Our specific focus is topic selection, and the role of researchers’ interests and incentives in determining the kinds of research that we do. Using the principle of induced innovation, we show how changing incentives can influence the direction of research effort and thereby affect the kinds of policies or technologies that are supported by available evidence. With this paper, we hope to generate discussion among applied economists about selection bias in research, and how we can use insights from economics itself to guide topic selection.

A Priority Data Association Policy for Multitarget Tracking on Intelligent Vehicle Risk Assessment

In order to conduct risk assessment for collision-free decision making of intelligent vehicles in a complex road traffic environment, it is essential to conduct stable tracking and state estimation of multiple vehicle targets. Therefore, this paper proposes a multitarget tracking method in line with the priority data association rule. Firstly, a standard coordinate turn process model is deduced as the existence of translation and rotation of the vehicle on the two-dimensional ground plane. Secondly, an unscented Kalman filter algorithm is developed due to the nonlinear radar measurement model. Thirdly, a priority data association rule, which puts the targets in a priority queue according to the number of times they are associated, is designed to filter out noise, given that it is unlikely for a vehicle target as an inertial system to appear or disappear instantly in practice. In addition, the data association rule specifies that the closer the target is to the front of the queue, the more prioritized the association with the newly observed target would be. Finally, the track management algorithm is constructed. On this basis, a series of real vehicle tests were conducted on real roads with four typical scenarios. According to the test results, the proposed algorithm is effective in filtering out noise and is suboptimal as the nearest neighbor data association.

European Psychiatric Association policy paper on ethical aspects in communication with patients and their families

Background. Establishing a valid communication is not only a basic clinical need to be met but also a relevant ethical commitment. Methods. On the basis of the relevant literature, ethical issues arising from specific, important situations in clinical practice were identified. Results. The main ethical problems regarding communication about the disorder, both in general and in relation to prodromal stages, were described and discussed together with those regarding communication about voluntary and involuntary treatments, “dual roles” enacted in clinical practice, genetic counseling, and end-of-life conditions; on the basis of what emerged, ethically driven indications and suggestions were provided. Conclusions. Several situations put the psychiatrist in front of relevant dilemmas and doubts which are no easy to face with; an ethically driven approach based upon the principle of the best interest of patients may support clinicians in their decisions.