scholarly journals Os hipogeus 1 e 2 do sítio do Monte do Malheiro 2 (Selmes, Vidigueira, Beja, Portugal) do Neolítico final/Calcolítico: práticas funerárias e estudo antropológico dos restos ósseos humanos exumados

2016 ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Elisabete Mendes Melo ◽  
Ana Maria Silva
Keyword(s):  
Human Remains ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Funerary Practices ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
Total Absence ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
High Level ◽  
Anatomical Connection

Em Março de 2012, durante os trabalhos no Bloco de Rega de Selmes (Sítio Monte do Malheiro 2, Vidigueira, Beja) foram descobertos dois hipogeus. Estes, distanciados entre si cerca de 5m, datam do Neolítico final. O espólio ósseo humano recuperado encontrava-se muito incompleto e com um elevado grau de fragmentação. O objectivo deste trabalho é documentar as práticas funerárias nestes dois sepulcros pré-históricos e obter algumas inferências antropológicas dos indivíduos depositados nestes túmulos.Do Hipogeu 1, foram recuperados três adultos em articulação e dois não adultos em contexto desarticulado. Um aspecto peculiar é a ausência total de restos ósseos cranianos neste Hipogeu permitindo sugerir manipulação óssea. O espólio arqueológico recuperado inclui lâminas em sílex, enxós e machados. No antebraço do enterramento 2 foi ainda recuperada uma pulseira de Glycymeris glycymeris, e entre as falanges das mãos do enterramento 1, 5 falanges de Ovis/Capra. Todos os achados, ósseos e arqueológicos encontravam-se tingidos por um pigmento avermelhado.No Hipogeu 2 foram identificados um indivíduo adulto em conexão anatómica e mais um adulto e dois não adultos em contexto desarticulado. Não foi recuperado qualquer espólio arqueológico deste Hipogeu que apresentava ainda indícios de perturbações antigas. Funerary practices and anthropological analysis of the human remains exhumed from the late Neolithic/Chalcolithic hypogea 1 and 2 of Monte Malheiro 2 (Selmes, Vidigueira, Beja, Portugal) - During the archaeological intervention at the “Blocos de Rega de Selmes” (Vidigueira, Beja -Portugal) in “Sítio Monte do Malheiro 2,” two hypogea were discovered. Both revealed human osteological remains dated to the Late Neolithic. The human skeletal remains from both hypogea were very incomplete and display a high level of fragmentation. The aim of the present paper is to document the funerary practices and obtain some anthropological inferences about the human remains unearthed from these two Hypogea.From Hypogeum 1, five individuals were exhumed, three adults (in situ) and two non-adults disarticulated. One peculiar aspect in this Hypogeum is the total absence of cranial bones, which suggest the practice of bone manipulation.Grave goods from this tomb include axes, polished stone adzes and flint blades. In the forearm of skeleton 2, a bracelet of Glycymeris glycymeris was recovered and among the human phalanges of individual 1, 5 phalanges of Ovis/Capra.From Hypogeum 2 it was possible to recovered one skeleton in anatomical connection, and a group of disarticulated bones corresponding to a minimum number of three individuals (one adult and two non-adults). No grave goods were recovered. Signs of old perturbations were registered.

scholarly journals The elusive parasite: comparing macroscopic, immunological, and genomic approaches to identifying malaria in human skeletal remains from Sayala, Egypt (third to sixth centuries AD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvie Loufouma Mbouaka ◽  
Michelle Gamble ◽  
Christina Wurst ◽  
Heidi Yoko Jäger ◽  
Frank Maixner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
The Past ◽  
A Site ◽  
Capture Sequencing

AbstractAlthough malaria is one of the oldest and most widely distributed diseases affecting humans, identifying and characterizing its presence in ancient human remains continue to challenge researchers. We attempted to establish a reliable approach to detecting malaria in human skeletons using multiple avenues of analysis: macroscopic observations, rapid diagnostic tests, and shotgun-capture sequencing techniques, to identify pathological changes, Plasmodium antigens, and Plasmodium DNA, respectively. Bone and tooth samples from ten individuals who displayed skeletal lesions associated with anaemia, from a site in southern Egypt (third to sixth centuries AD), were selected. Plasmodium antigens were detected in five of the ten bone samples, and traces of Plasmodium aDNA were detected in six of the twenty bone and tooth samples. There was relatively good synchronicity between the biomolecular findings, despite not being able to authenticate the results. This study highlights the complexity and limitations in the conclusive identification of the Plasmodium parasite in ancient human skeletons. Limitations regarding antigen and aDNA preservation and the importance of sample selection are at the forefront of the search for malaria in the past. We confirm that, currently, palaeopathological changes such as cribra orbitalia are not enough to be certain of the presence of malaria. While biomolecular methods are likely the best chance for conclusive identification, we were unable to obtain results which correspond to the current authentication criteria of biomolecules. This study represents an important contribution in the refinement of biomolecular techniques used; also, it raises new insight regarding the consistency of combining several approaches in the identification of malaria in past populations.

scholarly journals An unusual coronoid fracture in a fragment of ulna recovered from the Prehistoric site of Buraca da Moira Rock Shelter (Boa Vista, Leiria)

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
Sandra Assis ◽  
Rute Branco ◽  
Vânia Carvalho ◽  
Rita Dias ◽  
Carlos Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronoid Process ◽  
Postmortem Changes ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
Coronoid Fracture ◽  
Rock Shelter ◽  
Developmental Disturbances ◽  
Bone Changes ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Location Type

In 2015, several disarticulated human skeletal remains were identified in the top layers of the prehistoric site of Buraca da Moira Rock Shelter (Boa Vista, Leiria), during the archaeological excavation carried out under the scope of the EcoPLis — Human Occupations in the Pleistocene Ecotones of the River Lis project. The recovery of chert, constiquartz and quartzite blanks, a schist plate, as well as adornments in bone and shell indicates a Late Neolithic-Chalcolithic chronology. The disarticulated human assemblage, composed of a total of 129 bone and tooth fragments, allowed the estimation of a minimum number of six individuals. Among the remains recovered, an upper portion of an adult right ulna lacking the coronoid process was identified. Replacing it, a semi-oval groovewith smooth contours and exposing some trabecular bone was observed. The location, type of bone change, and the observed signs of bone healing are consistent with an uncommon trauma: a fracture of the coronoid process. In the differential diagnosis, both postmortem changes and developmental disturbances were considered but later excluded. The mechanisms that underlie the bone changes are discussed in light of the clinical and paleopathological literature.

scholarly journals Osteoarkeologi Rangka Manusia Situs Leang Kado’4, Maros, Sulawesi Selatan

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-160
Author(s):  
Fakhri Fakhri ◽  
Delta Bayu Murti Murti ◽  
Budianto Hakim Hakim ◽  
Muhammad Nur Nur ◽  
Akin Duli Duli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Analytical Process ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Minimum Number Of Individuals ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Pembahasan utama dalam penelitian ini adalah uraian osteoarkeologis terkait temuan rangka manusia situs prasejarah Leang Kado‘ 4 di kawasan karst Simbang, Maros, Sulawesi Selatan. Sebagai bagian dari kajian bioarkeologi, uraian ini meliputi penentuan jenis kelamin, usia kematian, rata-rata tinggi badan, afinitas ras, dan jumlah individu minimal yang ada di Situs Leang Kado‘ 4 sebagai bagian aktivitas penguburan. Metode penelitian menerapkan langkah kerja analisis dalam kajian bioarkeologi yang juga diterapkan dalam disiplin antropologi ragawi. Langkah kerja analisis tersebut, meliputi: identifikasi, pengukuran, komparasi, dan penghitungan estimasi jumlah individu minimal dalam sebuah himpunan data.  Penelitian ini berkesimpulan bahwa sisa rangka manusia di situs Leang Kado‘ 4 memiliki kesamaan dengan dua jenis ras manusia, yaitu ras populasi Sahul-Pacific dikenal pula sebagai Australo-Papuan atau Australomelanesoid dan ras populasi Asia atau Mongoloid. Hadirnya data ini diharapkan menjadi salah satu bahan pertimbangan rekomendasi kebijakan berwawasan pembangunan karakter budaya bangsa yang mengedepankan kebhinekaan asal usul dengan data temuan rangka manusia.    This research aims to provide an osteoarchaeological analysis of the human skeletons found at the prehistoric site of Leang Kado‘ 4 in Simbang karst area, Maros, South Sulawesi. As a part of bioarchaeological studies, the analysis included the determination of sex, age at death, average height, racial affinity, and the minimum number of individuals at the site as part of the burial activities. The research employed the analytical process that is commonly carried out in bioarchaeological and physical anthropological studies. The analytical process consists of identification, measurement, comparison, and estimation of the minimum number of individuals in a data set.  It is concluded that the human skeletal remains at Leang Kado‘ 4 site share several similarities with two human races, i.e. Sahul-Pacific race also known as Australo-Papuan or Australomelanesoid and Asian or Mongoloid race. It is expected that all this data can be used as a base for developing policies oriented to the development of the national character and culture by emphisizing the diversity of the people’s origins, which is supported by data on human skeletal remains.

scholarly journals A Study in Frustration: Analysis of Human Remains Removed from the Coker Mound Site (41CS1)

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon McCormick Derrick
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
Founding Member

Human skeletal remains were removed from the Coker Mound site (41CS1) by unidentified excavators sometime immediately prior to the Texas Archeological Society (TAS) meetings of 1995. Mike Turner, a Steward in the Office of the State Archeologists' Texas Archeological Steward Network and a founding member of the Friends of Northeast Texas Archaeology, was able to retrieve a cranium, mandible; and six cervical vertebrae from this collection for a brief period, bringing them to the TAS meetings. It was his dedication that provided the opportunity for these remains to be studied.

scholarly journals Novos dados sobre os hipogeus do Bronze Pleno de Torre Velha 3 (Serpa): contextos sepulcrais e estudo do espólio osteológico humano

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Daniel Ferreira Fidalgo ◽  
Eduardo Porfírio ◽  
Ana Maria Silva
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Masticatory System

O presente trabalho incide sobre a análise antropológica do espólio ósseo humano recuperado de 21 hipogeus do arqueossítio de Torre Velha 3 (TV3; São Salvador, Serpa), datados entre os meados e a segunda metade do II milénio a.C.. Dezasseis hipogeus são individuais, três duplos (uma inumação in situ com uma redução associada) e um triplo (enterramento duplo com uma redução associada) e dois contextos funerários inconclusivos. Todos os restos ósseos humanos foram recuperados da câmara funerária. Para além destes, um hipogeu continha um enterramento com uma redução associada na câmara e uma inumação primária na antecâmara. Destes sepulcros foram exumados 28 indivíduos, 22 adultos (11 do sexo feminino, nove do masculino e dois casos indeterminados), cinco não adultos e um em que não foi possível atribuir uma faixa etária. Nas inumações primárias e individuais, as oferendas cárneas encontram-se associadas a adultos de ambos os sexos. Por sua vez as cerâmicas e punções surgem somente em enterramentos do sexo feminino, com a excepção de um punção associado ao adulto do sexo masculino [2007]. Recorrendo à análise estatística de componentes principais, foi possível observar que as diferenças na morfologia dentária de TV3 em comparação com outras amostras da Pré-História recente Peninsular são mínimas, e podem ser explicadas por mudanças genéticas associadas a possíveis contactos e interações interregionais. Foram ainda identificados padrões de desgaste dentário atípico que sugerem o uso parafuncional do sistema mastigatório de adultos do sexo feminino. Relativamente à patologia oral, a incidência de lesões cariogénicas na amostra é de 5,85% (29/495), e afecta cerca de 57% dos indivíduos analisados (n=21). Estes valores são superiores à maioria das amostras comparadas do Neolítico Final/Calcolítico do actual território Português, mas semelhantes aos registados para outras comunidades da Idade do Bronze. New data on the Middle Bronze Age hypogea of Torre Velha 3 (Serpa): burial contexts and the study of the human osteological remains - The present work focuses on the anthropological analysis of the human remains exhumed from 21 hypogea of the archaeological site of Torre Velha 3 (TV3; São Salvador, Serpa), which is dated between the middle and second half of the II millennium B.C. Sixteen hypogea were individual, three double (one in situ burial with an associated reduction) and one triple (double burial with associated reduction) and two inconclusive funerary contexts. The human remains were collected unearthed from the chambers of the tombs. Besides these, one hypogeum displayed an in situ burial with an associated reduction in the chamber and other in situ burial in theantechamber. From these tombs were exhumed 28 individuals, 22 adults (11 females, nine males and 2 inconclusive), five non adults and one unknown. In primary and individual burials, meat offering were found in association with adults from both sexes. Ceramic vessels and awls are found only in female burials, with the exception of one awl found in association with the male adult [2007]. Using a principal component analyses, it was possible to observe that the differences in dental morphological traits found in TV3, in comparison with other samples from the Iberian Peninsula’s recent pre-history, are minimal and can be explained by genetic changes derived from possible inter-regional contacts and interactions. Some atypical dental wear patterns were also identified, mostly in adult females, and these suggest the parafunctional use of the masticatory system. Finally, the incidence of cariogenic lesions found is 5.85% (29/495), affecting around 57% of the individuals analysed (n=21). These values are higher than Late Neolithic/Chalcolithic samples from nowadays Portugal, but similar to the values found in Bronze Age samples.

THE HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS OF THE MOON PYRAMID, TEOTIHUACAN

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Spence ◽  
Grégory Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Minimum Number Of Individuals ◽  
Cranial Modification ◽  
Number Of Individuals

AbstractBeginning with Building 4, each new version of the Moon Pyramid in Teotihuacan was initiated with a major sacrificial event. These events invariably included human victims, males ranging in age from about 14 to 60 or more years (Minimum Number of Individuals (MNI) = 37). Many display cranial modification and dental decoration. In the earliest offering, Burial 2, the lone human was merely one element in a complex tableau. In subsequent sacrifices, the human victims increased in number and became a major focus of the event. There was also a growing dichotomy among them, with numbers of decapitated victims being included in the sacrifices. Skeletal elements from the pyramid fill suggest still other rituals involving human crania (MNI = 11), but the context of these is not yet clear.

scholarly journals Earliest Evidence of Neolithic Collective Burials from Eastern Iberia: Radiocarbon Dating at the Archaeological Site of Les Llometes (Alicante, Spain)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domingo C Salazar-García ◽  
Oreto García-Puchol ◽  
María Paz de Miguel-Ibáñez ◽  
Sahra Talamo
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Minimum Number Of Individuals ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractIn the Valencia region of Spain, the dominant use of natural caves for collective burials during the Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods has been documented. Collective burials are central to the hypothesis about social relationships in Copper Age societies from Iberia, and key to interpreting kinship-based societies. Les Llometes (Alcoi, Alicante) is one of the biggest collective burial sites existing in eastern Iberia. This article presents the direct14C dates on 25 skeletal remains at the site. The results indicate that the site was used as a burial place from the end of the 5th millennium cal BC until the end of the 4th millennium cal BC, and is a first milestone for future studies that will shed light on the transition towards social structure through the use of a cemetery space. Moreover, this research is one of the few investigations of Late Neolithic collective burials in Iberia that comprises an extensive accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS)14C data set of almost all the individuals reported at a single site. This case also serves to highlight the utility of revisiting materials from historic excavations by14C dating all the skeletal remains that define the minimum number of individuals, and therefore ensuring a more complete picture of the prehistoric human record.

scholarly journals A Short Cist Burial at Kilkeddan Farm, Campbeltown, Argyll & Bute

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn McLaren ◽  
Donald Wilson ◽  
Rob Engl ◽  
Alan Duffy ◽  
Kathleen MacSweeney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates

AOC Archaeology Group undertook the excavation of a previously unknown Bronze Age cist, located in a field close to Kilkeddan Farm, Argyll & Bute, during September 2005 under the Historic Scotland call-off contract for human remains. The cist was found to contain poorly surviving unburnt human skeletal remains along with a finely decorated tripartite Food Vessel and a flint knife. The incomplete and fragmentary condition of the skeleton suggests that the human remains were disarticulated at the time of deposition. Radiocarbon dates obtained from the human bone and associated charcoal confirms an early Bronze Age date for the burial.

scholarly journals Florida Bioarchaeology: Past, Present, and Future

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shevan Wilkin ◽  
Kristina Killgrove
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
General Field ◽  
Future Work

In an effort to situate the bioarchaeology of Florida within the general field, we synthesize in this article past and current research and offer prospection for future work with human remains in the state. We first detail the beginnings of archaeology in Florida, and the initial public and governmental interests regarding the area’s past occupants. Next, it is essential to consider regional and taphonomic issues in preservation of human skeletal remains and then summarize the time scale of bioarchaeological work. Past and present research programs in Florida bioarchaeology are then discussed in depth by research topic, including questions asked and methods used. Where possible, we note the location at which skeletal collections are currently stored. The future of Florida bioarchaeological study in an era following the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) is also explored, including how new alliances between tribes and researchers can open a path to utilizing modern methods on previously excavated ancestral materials and new collections.

“Since I Must Please Those Below”

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Human Remains ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Next Of Kin ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Western Law ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Effective Models ◽  
The Right

The ethics of non-invasive scientific research on human skeletal remains are poorly articulated and lack a single, definitive analogue in western law. Laws governing invasive research on human fleshed remains, as well as bio-ethical principles established for research on living subjects, provide effective models for the establishment of ethical guidelines for non-invasive research on human skeletal remains. Specifically, non-invasive analysis of human remains is permissible provided that the analysis and collection of resulting data (1) are accomplished with respect for the dignity of the individual, (2) do not violate the last-known desire of the deceased, (3) do not adversely impact the right of the next of kin to perform a ceremonious and decent disposal of the remains, and (4) do not unduly or maliciously violate the privacy interests of the next of kin.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document