scholarly journals Acerca da biografia dum sepulcro colectivo do Neolítico final/ Calcolítico: o Hipogeu 2 do Monte do Carrascal 2 (Ferreira do Alentejo, Beja, Portugal)

2018 ◽  
pp. 35-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria João Neves ◽  
Ana Maria Silva
Keyword(s):  
Data Base ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Funerary Practices ◽  
The World ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
Depositional Evolution ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Relationship

Partindo-se dos dados recolhidos no Hipogeu 2 do Monte do Carrascal 2 (Ferreira do Alentejo, Beja), um dos sepulcros colectivos sito nas imediações do grande sítio do Porto Torrão, procurou-se obter uma leitura biográfica do mesmo, abordando-se especificamente as questões relativas à construção, uso, reconfiguração, reutilização e abandono da estrutura tumular.Através da análise integrada das informações espaciais, estratigráficas e arqueotanatológicas, reunidas numa única base de dados georreferenciada (SIG), foi possível caracterizar os inumados, o modo como foram sendo depositados, as práticas funerárias realizadas ao longo do tempo, os processos de preenchimento do sepulcro e as alterações pós-deposicionais e processos de remodelação que sofreu.Após esta caracterização do sepulcro e dos seus mortos foram entrevistas as novas questões que resultam duma abordagem integrada destes dados com aqueles que decorrem das novas descobertas realizadas recentemente no interior alentejano. Este conjunto de informações afigura-se essencial à compreensão da relação entre o mundo dos vivos e dos mortos nos 4º e 3º milénios a.C., tema fundamental na investigação arqueológica e antropológica europeias. Regarding the biography of a collective Late Neolithic/Calcolithic burial place: the Hypogeum 2 of “Monte do Carrascal 2” (Ferreira do Alentejo, Beja, Portugal)The data obtained in the Hypogeum 2 of Monte do Carrascal 2 (Ferreira do Alentejo, Beja), one of the collective tombs located near the large site of Porto Torrão allow us to trace a biographical overview of this collective tomb. The processes regarding its construction, reconfiguration, reuse, and abandonment were analysed throughout an integrated analysis of spatial, stratigraphic and archaeothanatological information gathered in a single georeferenced data base (GIS).The funerary practices, the post-depositional evolution and the architectural remodelling of the site were characterized. These new data were then compared with those that result from the new discoveries recently done in inner Alentejo. This set of information seems essential to perform a better understanding of the relationship between the world of the living and the dead in the 4th and 3rd millennium BC, a fundamental archaeological and anthropological research topic in Europe. Keywords: Hypogea; Late Neolithic/Chalcolithic; Monte do Carrascal 2; Porto Torrão; Archeothanatology; GIS.

scholarly journals Intergovernmental Organizations and Foreign Policy Behavior: Some Empirical Findings

1979 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 494-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. McCormick ◽  
Young W. Kihl
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Intergovernmental Organizations ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Policy Behavior ◽  
High Politics ◽  
Foreign Policy Behavior

In this study, we evaluate whether the increase in the number of intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) has resulted in their increased use for foreign policy behavior by the nations of the world. This question is examined in three related ways: (1) the aggregate use of IGOs for foreign policy behavior; (2) the relationship between IGO membership and IGO use; and (3) the kinds of states that use IGOs. Our data base consists of the 35 nations in the CREON (Comparative Research on the Events of Nations) data set for the years 1959–1968.The main findings are that IGOs were employed over 60 percent of the time with little fluctuation on a year-by-year basis, that global and “high politics” IGOs were used more often than regional and “low politics” IGOs, that institutional membership and IGO use were generally inversely related, and that the attributes of the states had limited utility in accounting for the use of intergovernmental organizations. Some of the theoretical implications of these findings are then explored.

scholarly journals Through the Gloomy Vale: Underworld Alignments at Stonehenge

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1 and 2) ◽  
pp. 11-30
Author(s):  
Lionel Sims ◽  
David Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Landscape Model ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
The World ◽  
The Dead

Three recent independently developed models suggest that some Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments exhibit dual design properties in monument complexes by pairing obverse structures. Parker Pearson’s1 materiality model proposes that monuments of wood are paired with monuments of stone, these material metaphors respectively signifying places of rituals for the living with rituals for the dead. Higginbottom’s2 landscape model suggests that many western Scottish megalithic structures are paired in mirror-image landscape locations in which the horizon distance, direction and height of one site is the topographical reverse of the paired site – all in the service of ritually experiencing the liminal boundaries to the world. Sims’3 diacritical model suggests that materials, landscapes and lunar-solar alignments are diacritically combined to facilitate cyclical ritual processions between paired monuments through a simulated underworld. All three models combine in varying degrees archaeology and archaeoastronomy and our paper tests them through the case study of the late Neolithic/EBA Stonehenge Palisade in the Stonehenge monument complex.

The Powerful Dead: Archaeological Relationships between the Living and the Dead

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Parker Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Human Society ◽  
The World ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Status Differences

The dead, collectively or individually, are sometimes powerful forces in human society. At other times they fade into relative insignificance. How archaeologists recover such ideological changes has repercussions for their interpretation of social organization and social change. Interpretations of status, gender, and ranking from funerary deposits are to a large extent dependent on archaeologists' abilities to interpret initially the relationship that the living construct with the dead. This contextual analysis of the Danish Iron Age uses studies of landscape and topography, and contrasts in material culture to situate the changing placement of the dead in society. Their increasing incorporation into the world of the living in the pre-Roman Iron Age indicates a growing concern with lineage and individual status. Later on, within the hierarchical ordering of Roman Iron Age society, the dead retained their significance for the living but in certain regions this was expressed in terms of their communality rather than status differences.

scholarly journals On the Problem of Contacts of the Living with the Deceased: How the Deceased Protect Themselves from the Living

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 75-87
Author(s):  
Andrey B. Moroz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Field Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
Russian North ◽  
Imminent Death ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Dream Stories ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

This article is based on field data from the Russian North. Its subject is the problem of the relationship between the living and the deceased. The main goal of the article is to show how dream stories transform the Russian peasants’ idea idea that deceased persons can visit their living kin in order to continue their family life together, including sexual relations. This mythological plot, which often causes real fear among people who have lost relatives, is mirrored in dream stories. On the one hand, the appearance of the deceased in a dream is associated with the expectation of the dreamer’s imminent death. On the other, stories are recorded about dreams where the deceased husband refuses to take his wife with him to the world of the dead or even tries to get rid of her. The reluctance of the deceased to take his living relative with him can be explained by the desire to preserve the border between the world of the living and the world of the dead. For protection from the living, the deceased use the same strategies as do the living to protect themselves against the dead relatives when they come. These strategies include: 1) escape (upon seeing a living relative, the dead goes away); 2) declaring the absence of suitable housing (the deceased husband has nowhere to bring his wife); 3) expulsion with the help of aggression, primarily obscene swearing.

Power of the Dead

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-177
Author(s):  
Diana Espirito Santo
Keyword(s):  
Religious Practices ◽  
Spirit Mediumship ◽  
The World ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Relationship

This paper aims to conceptualize the relationship between the main Afro-Cuban religious practices and the experience of varied social and economic difficulties in Havana, and in particular, the role of the dead—the muertos—in its articulation. I argue that the dead are not just to be seen as socio-historical idioms or representations but as constitutive elements of a Cuban religious personhood, which must be discerned, acknowledged and objectified through one’s actions in the world. Achieving harmony in relation to oneself with one’s environment at any given moment thus requires a theory of self, and in the ritually and cosmologically fluid Afro-Cuban religious sphere this is most effectively given by the spirit mediumship cult of espiritismo cruzado.

The Anthropology of Hope

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stef Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
The Political ◽  
Unintended Effects ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Political Critique ◽  
The World ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
Conditions Of Possibility ◽  
The Relationship

As part of a belated interest in people's engagements with possible futures, the start of the 3rd millennium has witnessed the emergence of a burgeoning subfield around the anthropology of hope. Anthropologists investigate the objects of people's hopes and their attempts to fulfil them. They also reflect on hope as an affect and disposition, and as a method of knowledge production. Three interrelated but analytically distinguishable concerns can be discerned in the anthropology of hope. First, anthropologists are interested in the conditions of possibility of hoping. Such studies of the political economy of hope explore the circumstances in which hopefulness does or does not flourish, and the unequal distribution of intensities of hoping, and of particular hopes, amongst different categories of people. A second domain consists of anthropological research on the shapes that hoping takes. Studies in this phenomenological vein investigate how hopefulness and hopes appear in the world. How does hoping work over time in people's practices, reflections, and orientations, and with which intended and unintended effects? Third, we find a concern with the relationship between hoping as a subject matter of ethnographic study and anthropology as a form of knowledge production. How do scholarly understandings of hope inform the development of the discipline and, in particular, its engagement with political critique and its capacity to help imagine alternatives?

scholarly journals Making images talk: Picasso’s Minotauromachy

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Ana Leyra-Soriano
Keyword(s):  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Relationship

We can say that Picasso?s images speak to us, and, as writing, speak to us from that space in which any text - far from being reduced to a single sense - ?disseminates? its ?truths?. Using the figure and the story of the Minotaur, Picasso devoted himself to one of the great themes of his pictorial work. The word ?labyrinth? connotes, to the European mind, Greece, Knossos, Dedalus, Ariadne and the Minotaur. However, the Greek formula already represents a mythic and poetic outcome thoroughly developed from an imagery forged in the remotest eras of our evolution. The relationship between the image, the spiral, and the word, labyrinth is also linked to the perception of a drilled earth, excavated, with numberless tortuous tunnels which, in our imagination, provoke concern because they lead to the world of the inferi, the unknown depths of the realms of the dead. Juan Larrea, a little-known essayist in the sphere of philosophical studies, although, from the outset of international renown for Picasso?s work, he gives what is perhaps the best interpretation of Guernica and consequently also sheds much light on the engravings immediately preceding the execution of this painting, the Minotauromachy among them. The artist is not a prophet. He is not foreseeing what the future holds for humanity, but he does possess a heightened sensitivity that drives him to minutely scrutinise the conditions of the time that he has had to live, and he has a transforming eye for the symbols that constitute the deepest threads in the fabric of his culture.

Making Modern Deathways

2021 ◽  
pp. 308-325
Author(s):  
John Parker
Keyword(s):  
Modern State ◽  
Funeral Rites ◽  
The World ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Sub Saharan

This chapter turns to the most emblematic aspect of the African encounter with death: the funeral. It argues that, as historians of death in many cultures have observed, the weight of tradition borne by funeral rites means that they are often stubbornly resistant to innovation. Contemporary sub-Saharan Africa's anthropological research has shown funerary cultures to be undergoing rapid and often dramatic elaboration. In postcolonial Ghana, this transformation has been characterized above all by the increasing ostentation of funerals, which are seen by many observers as more about the status of the living than the honouring of the dead. The chapter also looks into recent transformations in Ghanaian funerary culture and how biomedicine, Christianity, the cash nexus and the modern state conspired to reshape death and burial in Africa. Ultimately, the chapter considers the ways in which colonial biopower sought to regulate and to secularize death. It then shifts to focus on the ongoing debates over the funeral, that key moment when normal time seems suspended and the world of the living and the dominion of the dead enter into an intense and intimate dialogue.

scholarly journals Circulating Spirits and Dead Bodies

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 61-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Saraiva
Keyword(s):  
Rite Of Passage ◽  
The World ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Dead Bodies ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Spiritual Healers

Death is the ultimate rite of passage, one that no one can avoid, with multiple implications for the life of the individuals and of the groups within which they move. Throughout this article, I intend to show how death is a good metaphor to think about the production of places and spaces of belonging in transnational contexts, and how circulation is the key term to understand how such transnational trends are produced. I argue that in a transnational setting – in this case of Guinean migrants in Portugal – death functions as a true regeneration source as it shapes the continuity of the relationship between the migrant and the place of origin. The circulation of dead bodies, symbolic universes, spiritual healers and spirits re-shape the ties between the world of the living and the world of the dead across continents and oceans.

Kazakhstan’s Economic Growth in the Context of the World Economy

2006 ◽  
pp. 133-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Arystanbekov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Crude Petroleum ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

Kazakhstan’s economic policy results in 1995-2005 are considered in the article. In particular, the analysis of the relationship between economic growth and some indicators of nation states - population, territory, direct access to the World Ocean, and extraction of crude petroleum - is presented. Basic problems in the sphere of economic policy in Kazakhstan are formulated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document