scholarly journals Apple varieties of selection of “All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crops Breeding”, as a starting material for breeding for a high content of phenolic compounds in fruits

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Margarita Makarkina ◽  
Evgeny Sedov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Russian Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Morning Star ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Research Institute

The All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Breeding Fruit Crops is the oldest pomological institution. The scientific direction of the institute is to obtain genotypes of fruit crops that exceed the standard ones in terms of basic economic indicators, including those with an improved chemical composition of fruits. The leading culture is the apple tree. One of the indicators of the chemical composition of apples is the presence of phenolic compounds, the most important natural antioxidants: catechins and polyphenols. Genotypes of different maturation periods, immune (Rvi6) and resistant (Rvi5) to scab, diploids (2x) and triploids (3x), vigorous and intensive type (Co gene), were identified as sources of the studied traits. The best in terms of the accumulation of catechins were the varieties of the autumn ripening period: Sokovinka, Slavyanin, Pamyat Isaeva, Zaryanka, Orlovsky pioneer, origin Antonovka red barrel × SR0523 (159.0-288.0 mg / 100 g); the summer varieties Zhelnoe, Orlovim, Early aloe, Anniversary (152.0-170.0 mg / 100 g), the winter varieties Kurnakovskoe, Olympic, Poetry, Freshness, Bezhin meadow, Kulikovskoe, Start, Health, Academician Savelyev, Festive, Orlovskaya Zarya, Pamyati Blynsky, Vita, Mars, Imrus, Pamyati Semakina, Celandine, Kandil Orlovsky, Morning Star, (161.2-353.5 mg / 100 g). The sources of the total amount of polyphenols (more than 400.0 mg / 100 g) were selected: with the Rvi6 gene Start, Zaryanka, Ivanovskoe, Imrus, Oryol woodland, Zdorov’e, Bolotovskoe, Pamyati Khitrovo, Kandil Orlovsky; with the Rvi5 gene Orlovsky pioneer and Celandine; triploids Memory Semakin, Bezhin lug, Turgenevskoe, Mars, Orlovsky partisan, Trainer Petrov, Patriot, Augusta (404.0-623.9 mg / 100 g), of which the varieties Mars and Trainer Petrov have the Rvi6 gene.

scholarly journals Features of the inheritance of fruit size in the hybrid families of prunus domestica

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00070
Author(s):  
G. E. Osipov ◽  
Z. A. Osipova
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Recessive Trait ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Dominant Trait ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

The aim of the research was to establish the features of the inheritance of the size of the fruit in the hybrid families of Prunus domestica. The objects of study were hybrid seedlings of plum selection of the Tatar research Institute of agriculture. Fruit sizes were estimated according to the methodology of the all-Russian research Institute of fruit crops selection. The analysis of the splitting of plum in hybrid families by the size of fruits showed that seedlings with small fruits dominated in the breeding gardens of the Tatar research Institute. The size of the plum fruit is controlled by polygens. All of the original parental forms are heterozygotes for the genes determining the size of the fruit. A small fruit is a dominant trait, a large fruit is a recessive trait. In most hybrid families, plum seedlings have a significant variability in the size of the fruit. Transgressive genotypes with large fruits are formed in hybrid families Eurasia 21 x Renklod Tenkovsky, Eurasia 21 x free pollination and Zyuzinskaya x free pollination. The varieties Eurasia 21 and Zyuzinskaya must be used as sources in breeding of plums for large-fruited.

scholarly journals Nomenclatural standards and genetic passports of potato cultivars bred in the A.G. Lorkh All-Russian Research Institute of Potato Farming

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. А. Rybakov ◽  
O. Yu. Аntonova ◽  
I. G. Chukhina ◽  
N. А. Fomina ◽  
N. S. Klimenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Molecular Screening ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Code Of Nomenclature ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Russian Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Research Institute

In order to preserve the genetic diversity of cultivars, it is recommended to develop documentation approaches through the registration of cultivar nomenclatural standards in accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants. The N.I Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources keeps developing this approach along with the DNA marker technologies: SSR genotyping and molecular screening with DNA markers of genes controlling valuable traits. In 2018, VIR, together with the leading national centre for potato breeding – the A.G. Lorkh All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Potato Farming (now the A.G. Lorkh Russian Potato Research Center), initiated the preparation of nomenclatural standards for potato cultivars bred both at the A.G. Lorkh institute and in co-authorship with other breeding institutions. This paper presents 30 nomenclatural standards which are maintained in the Nomenclature standard fund of the Herbarium of cultivated plants and their wild relatives and weeds (VIR Herbarium, WIR). Also, the paper presents genetic passports of the mentioned 30 cultivars, developed using DNA samples extracted from the plant material of nomenclatural standards. Genetic passports include information about the polymorphism of the 8 chromosome-specific microsatellites and data on the results of molecular screening with 15 markers of 11 genes conferring resistance to the most dangerous pathogens and pests: potato viruses Y and X, late blight and potato cyst nematodes. A comparison of SSR-profiles of nomenclatural standards with those of 66 cultivar samples obtained from various sources made it possible to verify authenticity and homogeneity of the latter.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Chemical Composition, Phenolic Compounds, and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Tropical Black Bolete Mushroom Using Different Preservation Methods

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 781
Author(s):  
Jaturong Kumla ◽  
Nakarin Suwannarach ◽  
Keerati Tanruean ◽  
Saisamorn Lumyong
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Fresh Sample ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Preservation Methods ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
Nutritional Benefits ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities

Tropical black bolete, Phlebopus portentosus, provides various nutritional benefits and natural antioxidants to humans. In this study, the chemical composition, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of fresh mushroom samples and samples stored for a period of one year using different preservation methods (drying, brining, and frozen) were investigated. The results indicated that the brining method significantly reduced the protein and fat contents of the mushrooms. The polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the frozen sample were not significantly different from that of the fresh sample. The results revealed that an inhibition value of 50% (IC50) for the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay of the extract of the dried and frozen samples was not statistically different from that of the fresh sample. The IC50 value of 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value in the extract of the frozen sample were not found to be significantly different from those of the fresh sample. Furthermore, the lowest degree of antioxidant activity was found in the extract of the brined sample. Additionally, the antimicrobial activities of the extracts of the fresh and frozen samples were not significantly different and both extracts could have inhibited the growth of all tested Gram-positive bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON THE CONTENT OF THE MASS FRACTION OF THE INSOLUBLE PART IN HOOKAH TOBACCO

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н Н БУБНОВА (МАТЮХИНА) ◽  
А.Г. МИРГОРОДСКАЯ ◽  
О.К. БЕДРИЦКАЯ
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Russian Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Insoluble Part ◽  
Insoluble Portion

Исследовано влияние влажности табачного сырья, его сортотипа, количества в рецептуре на содержание массовой доли нерастворимой части в табаке для кальяна. Объектом исследования были образцы кальянных смесей разных торговых марок, приобретенных в торговой сети Краснодара и составленных в лабораторных условиях Всероссийского научно-исследовательского института табака, махорки и табачных изделий. Образцы кальянной смеси изготавливали по единой для всех образцов рецептуре и технологической схеме: увлажнение, резка, выдерживание в соусе с нагревом, охлаждение. Влажность и количество табачного сырья в рецептуре варьировали. Методом количественного определения содержания табака в готовом продукте, основанном на способности части ингредиентов кальянных смесей растворяться в воде, определяли массовую долю нерастворимой части. Установлено, что содержание массовой доли нерастворимой части в табаке для кальяна различных торговых марок, приобретенном в торговой сети Краснодара, составляет 5,2–8,8%. Сортотип табачного сырья, его химический состав и добавленный в смесь ароматизатор не влияют на содержание массовой доли нерастворимой части в табаке для кальяна. Содержание массовой доли нерастворимой части табака для кальяна в значительной степени зависит от влажности и количества табачного сырья, используемого в рецептуре. Увеличение влажности исходного сырья приводит к уменьшению массовой доли нерастворимой части в смеси для кальяна: при влажности сырья 10% массовая доля нерастворимой части 6,8%; при влажности того же сырья 16% массовая доля нерастворимой части 5,2%. The influence of humidity of tobacco raw materials, its variety type, and the amount in the recipe on the content of the mass fraction of the insoluble part in hookah tobacco has been studied. Samples of hookah mixes of various brands purchased in the retail network of Krasnodarand compiled in the laboratory of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Tobacco, shag and Tobacco Products were the object of research. Samples of hookah mix were made according to the same formulation and technological scheme for all samples: humidification, cutting, keeping in a sauce with heating, cooling. The humidity and amount of tobacco raw materials in the formulation varied. By quantifying the content of tobacco in the finished product, based on the ability of some of the ingredients of hookah mixtures to dissolve in water, the content of the mass fraction of the insoluble part was determined. It is established that the content of the mass fraction of the insoluble part in hookah tobacco of various brands purchased in the retail network of Krasnodar is 5,2–8,8%. The variety type of tobacco raw materials, its chemical composition and added flavor to the mixture do not affect the content of the mass fraction of the insoluble part in hookah tobacco. The content of the mass fraction of the insoluble part of tobacco for hookah largely depends on the humidity and the amount of tobacco raw materials used in the formulation. The increase of humidity of raw materials leads to a decrease of the mass fraction of the insoluble part of hookah tobacco: if moisture content of raw materials 10% mass fraction of the insoluble portion of 6,8%; the humidity of the same raw materials 16%, the mass fraction of the insoluble portion of 5,2%.

scholarly journals BREEDING PROGRAMM FOR ADAPTIBILITY IN GARDEN PEAS

2011 ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
E.G. Dobrutskaya ◽  
I.P. Kotliyar ◽  
A.A. Antoshkin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Plant Selection ◽  
Vegetable Breeding ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

Adaptive proprieties of pea accessions can be estimated at the final stage of breeding program in the area of All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding and Seed Production (VNIISSOK) for four years of trial. For effective selection of varieties and hybrids the attention should be paid to searching and elaborating informative environment grounds using for plant selection.

scholarly journals The stability of varieties is an important element of the integrated protection of flax from

2021 ◽  
Vol 214 (11) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Kudryavceva
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The State ◽  
State Register ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to characterize the varieties of long-legged flax included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in terms of resistance to fusarium wilt, rust, anthracnose and pasmo. The research was conducted in 2018–2020 in vegetative, laboratory and field conditions at the All-Russian Research Institute of Flax (currently: A separate division Research Institute of Flax). As an object of research, we used varieties of flax-long-legged flax included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation for 2018–2020. Methods. The studies were carried out using modern mycological and phytopathological methods. Laboratory, vegetation and field experiments were conducted according to the All-Russian Research Institute of Flax methods. Results and practical significance. Among the studied 66 varieties, 56.1 % were highly resistant and resistant genotypes to fusarium wilt and 58.3 % – to rust. The specific weight of the Flax Institute varieties for this period was 34.8 %. High resistance to rust and fusarium wilt was characterized by the VNIIL selection varieties: Universal, Diplomat, Alexim, Dewdrop, Zaryanka, Aleksandrit. For the first time, scientists of the Flax Institute have created varieties of flax-long – legged (Diplomat and Tonus) resistant to three diseases: rust, fusarium wilt and anthracnose, and the Caesar variety-to four diseases. All varieties, with the exception of Diplomat and Tonus, a selection of the Flax Institute, were susceptible to anthracnose. The Grant variety of the selection of the Republic of Belarus and the Caesar variety were resistant to pasmo by 59.7 %, the rest were characterized by resistance to damage by 27.8–42.0 %. Scientific novelty. The characteristics of the resistance of the varieties included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation are comprehensively described on infectious and provocative backgrounds using natural and synthetic populations of pathogens diseases of flax. Varieties with group resistance to 2, 3, and 4 diseases are identified. The use of flax varieties resistant to the most economically dangerous diseases in flax crops will reduce the infectious potential and its accumulation in nature.

scholarly journals Application of sequential selections in the selection of table carrots for resistance to Fusarium sp. and Alternaria sp.

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
L. M. Sokolova ◽  
A. F. Bukharov ◽  
M. I. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Average Score ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
Russian Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Dining Room ◽  
Selection Of

Relevance. Research is devoted to increasing the horizontal, polygenic resistance of table carrots of the Surazhevskaya variety to Fusarium sp. and Alternaria sp. infections. The aim of the research was to conduct sequential (at different stages of development) and multiple (over several reproductive generations) individual selections of table carrot plants resistant to a complex of pathogens using traditional phytopathological methods.Methods. The research was carried out in 2011–2019 in the Department of breeding and seed production in the laboratory of root crops and onions of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Growing — Branch of the FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Center. The source material for research was a variety of carrots in the Surazhevskaya dining room, obtained in 2006 from the Flakke variety type. Assessment for resistance to Fusarium sp. and Alternaria sp. it was performed in the field, on two artificial infectious sites and in the laboratory in accordance with the methods. The correspondence (significance of differences) between the compared series (families) in the frequency distribution of the corresponding average scores of disease manifestations was assessed using the χ 2 criterion.Results. With each subsequent selection cycle, not only did the number of relatively resistant plants increase, but the average score of the lesion also decreased. As a result of four consecutive selection cycles at different stages of ontogenesis and in three nurseries with natural and artificial infection, the selection population changed in terms of resistance to Fusarium sp. and Alternaria sp. It is advisable to assess susceptibility to pathogenic flora in parallel on the natural and infectious backgrounds. Field assessment and selection of carrot plants should be carried out at different periods of the two-year development cycle, as well as during the storage of Queen root crops.

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