scholarly journals Prijedlog izmjene odredaba Zakona o tržištu električne energije o dijeljenju poslovnih prostora, IT opreme te IT sustava kao i korištenju istih pružatelja IT usluga i isporučitelja IT opreme između neovisnog operatora prijenosa i ostalih subjekata vertikalno integrirane strukture

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-712
Author(s):  
Tomislav Jakšić ◽  
Daša Vrzić
Keyword(s):  
Computer Network ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Transmission Operator ◽  
It Systems ◽  
Systems Software ◽  
System Operator ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Security Infrastructure

Independent transmission operator represents one of three possible approaches to unbundling of the transmission system operator from the other parts of the vertically integrated undertaking. Croatian independent transmission operator is separated from the vertically integrated undertaking based on the independent transmission operator unbundling model. Considering the impending wider need to amend the Croatian legislative framework concerning the electrical energy market this paper critically examines certain problematic aspects of such unbundling process, for example, the regulation of shared use of IT systems (software), computer, network and security infrastructure (hardware) as well as services provided by the same consultants and external contractors. After analysis of existing European legal rules and national rules of comparable member states the paper provides concrete de lege ferenda suggestions for possible future regulation of the considered unbundling aspects.

scholarly journals The interconnection exchange and complex systems properties in power grid network

2021 ◽  
Vol 336 ◽  
pp. 05020
Author(s):  
Piotr Hadaj ◽  
Marek Nowak ◽  
Dominik Strzałka
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Complex Networks ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Average Efficiency ◽  
Grid Network ◽  
System Operator ◽  
Energy Network

A case study based on the real data obtained from the Polish PSE System Operator of the highest voltages electrical energy network is shown. The data about the interconnection exchange and some complex networks (graphs) parameters were examined, after the removal of selected nodes. This allowed to test selected network parameters and to show that the breakdown of only three nodes in this network can cause significant drop of its average efficiency.

Optimization of Energy in Smart Farms Using a Genetic Algorithm

2022 ◽  
pp. 180-190
Author(s):  
Brahim Lejdel
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Great Demand ◽  
Agricultural Machines

The need for energy in the agriculture field is increasing as a result of increasing the productivity of these fields. The appearance of smart grid and IoT (internet of objects) enabled farmers to control, manage, and optimize the energy consumption. Agriculture will continue to rely on energy to increase its productivity in line with increasing population and great demand. In this chapter, the authors present an integrated model between SmartFarms, the smart-grid, and optimization methods. In this way, smart forms can participate actively and benefit from the energy market. In this chapter, they consider the electrical energy that is directly used in activities ranging from field processes such as irrigation of land. Energy is also indirectly consumed in synthetic additives notably fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides. In addition, the authors can consider the electrical energy, which is used for powering some agricultural machines.

Designing Information Systems and Network Components for Situational Awareness

2012 ◽  
pp. 104-123
Author(s):  
Cyril Onwubiko
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Complex Networks ◽  
Computer Networks ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Computer Network ◽  
Distributed Services ◽  
Network Applications ◽  
Systems Software ◽  
Design Requirements

Operators need situational awareness (SA) of their organisation’s computer networks and Information Systems in order to identify threats, estimate impact of attacks, evaluate risks, understand situations, and make sound decisions swiftly and accurately on what to protect against, and how to address incidents that may impact valued assets. Enterprise computer networks are often huge and complex, spanning across several WANs and supporting a number of distributed services. Understanding situations in such dynamic and complex networks is time-consuming and challenging. Operators SA are enhanced through a number of ways, one of which is through the use of situation-aware systems and technology. Designing situation-aware systems for computer network defence (CND) is difficult without understanding basic situational awareness design requirements of network applications and systems. Thus, this chapter investigates pertinent features that are foundation, essential, and beneficial for designing situation-aware systems, software, and network applications for CND.

scholarly journals Cyber-Security Culture: Psychological and Legal Aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-220
Author(s):  
I.R. Begishev
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Security Culture ◽  
Psychology And Law ◽  
It Systems ◽  
Legislative Framework

Digitalization has become part and parcel of the modern-day human activities. Nowadays it is going into every field of business and personal life. To develop and prosper, most organizations need IT systems, and hence to take the safeguarding of their informational assets seriously. Many of the processes which are essential for securing their IT assets, largely depend on human interaction. This study has attempted to address the culture of cyber-security in the light of psychology and law. The results of the research showed that from the psychological standpoint, the culture of cyber-security involves the willingness on the part of a modern human to overcome the digital expansion by mastering the tools for countering the negative IT factors. In its turn, from the legal standpoint, the culture of cyber-security is based on the legislative framework which regulates the legal relations in the field of cyber-security.

“Union for the Mediterranean”: Problems and Contradictions

2010 ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
A. Agapov
Keyword(s):  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Community Model ◽  
Cooperative Development ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Union For The Mediterranean

The Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) suggested by Nicolas Sarcozy, the Ex-President of France, has been generating many questions from the very beginning. As experts note, this was due to the unsuccessful project kick-off. Since its first years, the Community model proposed to the Mediterranean countries appealed to solution of the most important problems by joint efforts. Common immigration policy, economic and trade development, common legal rules support, environmental protection and cooperative development were meant to be the "backbones" of the project. Investigating difficulties and perspectives of the European countries cooperation the author points that the UfM represents a promising tool for the energy problem solution. The Europe's energy market diversification program and, therefore, its security largely depends on how successfully the European partners will be able to make advantage of it.

Localizing Global Rules: Public Participation in Lawmaking in Vietnam

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 673-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
State Control ◽  
Business Elites ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
International Trading ◽  
Legal Harmonization

As the pace of legal harmonization in developing East Asian states increases to comply with international trading treaties, a disjunction is forming between legislative expectations and everyday business practices. Evidence considered in this article suggests that Vietnam is no exception. State control over public discourse favors the interests of business elites, while small-scale entrepreneurs struggle to make their views known. Lawmakers exposed to this asymmetric discourse rarely adjust global legal rules to suit the transactional requirements of small-scale entrepreneurs. As a consequence, the largely imported commercial legislative framework is increasingly reflecting the interests of business elites. The article concludes that for the state to develop a more inclusive regulatory regime, it needs to relax its control over public deliberation and give small-scale entrepreneurs more opportunities to convey local precepts and practices to lawmakers.

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