“Union for the Mediterranean”: Problems and Contradictions

2010 ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
A. Agapov
Keyword(s):  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Community Model ◽  
Cooperative Development ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Union For The Mediterranean

The Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) suggested by Nicolas Sarcozy, the Ex-President of France, has been generating many questions from the very beginning. As experts note, this was due to the unsuccessful project kick-off. Since its first years, the Community model proposed to the Mediterranean countries appealed to solution of the most important problems by joint efforts. Common immigration policy, economic and trade development, common legal rules support, environmental protection and cooperative development were meant to be the "backbones" of the project. Investigating difficulties and perspectives of the European countries cooperation the author points that the UfM represents a promising tool for the energy problem solution. The Europe's energy market diversification program and, therefore, its security largely depends on how successfully the European partners will be able to make advantage of it.

scholarly journals BARCELONA PROCESS:CREATION OF THE UNION FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN

2017 ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Natalya Anikeeva
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Special Position ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Union For The Mediterranean ◽  
The Eu

The article notes that the geographical location and historical links with the Mediterranean countries, together with the accession to the EU resulted in a special position of Spain as the initiator of the Barcelona process: meetings and conferences at various levels for the development of Euro-Mediterranean cooperation in different spheres within the EU. Creation of the Union for the Mediterranean was actually a continuation of the Barcelona process

scholarly journals Strategy To Strengthen Cooperation Between The European Union And The Mediterranean Countries Through The Union For Mediterranean (UfM)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Elistania Elistania ◽  
Farandy Nurmeiga ◽  
Agung Permadi
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Union For The Mediterranean

 The European Union is an example of regional cooperations that represents regional identity. In the midst of the process of integration and expansion of membership, the European Union has an interest in building good relations with non-member countries in the immediate region, including the Mediterranean. The process of establishing cooperation between the European Union and the Mediterranean countries continues to change. The Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EMP) in 1995 was the place for regional cooperation with most member countries and had a well-structured pillar of cooperation. However, the two entities re-formed a new cooperative platform, The Union for Mediterranean (UfM) in 2008. This study aims to explain why the European Union and Mediterranean countries changed the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EMP) into The Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) in 2008. Using the theory building approach in the Alex Warleigh-Lack regionalism concept, the findings in the research resulted in an answer that EMP has negative values that are not in accordance with the development of the issue so that it becomes a reason for the formation of UfM. 

The France's Mediterranean Project

2014 ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
T. Zvereva
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
East Mediterranean ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Union For The Mediterranean ◽  
Power Project ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Economic And Financial Crisis ◽  
The Way

This article is devoted to the French policy towards South- and East- Mediterranean countries. It shows the main lines of this policy and the principal ideas of the Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) project. Paris presented the UfM as the way to resolve economic, social and political problems of the region. Implementing its soft-power project Paris had to meet some challenges and overcome substantial difficulties. Conceived as the French program, the UfM required EU funding. Being a part of the EU Neighbourhood Program, it embraced 43 countries and became difficult to be run. The Gaza war stopped the UfM-cooperation, also undermined by the global economic and financial crisis.

scholarly journals Conceptualizing Pathways of Sustainable Development in the Union for the Mediterranean Countries with an Empirical Intersection of Energy Consumption and Economic Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5614
Author(s):  
Rashid Latief ◽  
Yusheng Kong ◽  
Yuanyuan Peng ◽  
Sohail Ahmad Javeed
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Method Of Moment ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Union For The Mediterranean

The availability of sufficient and trustworthy energy services at the reasonable cost in a securely and environmentally friendly manner, and conventionality with economic and social development requirements, is an important factor of sustainable development (SD). Energy plays a significant role in eliminating poverty and increasing living standards. However, most of the present energy forms of energy supply and consumption are unsustainable. This paper analyzes the association between economic growth (EG), energy consumption (EC), and sustainable development (SD) among other economic factors. The sample of 14 developed and developing member states of the Union for the Mediterranean (UFM) was selected. To deal with the endogeneity issue, the system- generalized method of moment (GMM) model was employed. Moreover, panel co-integration, Granger causality tests, and robustness tests were employed to examine the long-run and short-run causality among variables of interest. The results confirmed the short-run dynamic association from sustainable development (SD) to energy consumption (EC), and economic growth (EG) to sustainable development (SD). Moreover, the results validated the presence of long-run equilibrium association in the equations of EC and sustainable development (SD). The findings of this study will be supportive for the policymakers to formulate sustainable energy policies to stimulate the economic growth (EG) in the way of sustainable development (SD) in the UFM countries.

scholarly journals Euro-Mediterranean Association: from the Barcelona process to the Union for the Mediterranean

2018 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Natalya Anikeeva
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Studies ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
International Research Institute ◽  
Priority Direction ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Specialized Institutions ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
Union For The Mediterranean ◽  
The Eu

The Mediterranean has been the priority direction in the politics of Spain in the post-Franco era. When Spain entered the EEC in 1986 and participated between 1990 and 2000 in the Barcelona Process and the founding of the Union for the Mediterranean, the Mediterranean accent of its policy became even clearer. The Spain of today’s stage shares, in broad strokes, the EU’s approaches to politics in the Mediterranean region.      The Spanish School of Mediterranean Studies is represented by a series of fundamental works from the centers of the International Research Institute of Barcelona, the Autonomous University of Madrid and other specialized institutions. In our study, the publications of famous public figures from Spain that came to light in the Spanish magazine “Política Exterior” are particularly important.      The UPM was founded on July 13, 2008, during the Paris Summit for the Mediterranean, which was attended by representatives of 43 nations. Its implementation, however, took time to complete. The obstacles to the operation of the project were due to a series of causes. They were provoked, first of all, by the disparity between the EU members and the Mediterranean countries, as well as by the consequences of the Arab Spring, by the challenges of the Arab-Israeli settlement, and by the EU’s policy regarding some states in the region, in particular, to Syria.Cooperation and development in the Mediterranean are the objective of the Union for the Mediterranean (UfM), an association that promotes peace and prosperity for an area with 750 million inhabitants.

scholarly journals Association between the Mediterranean lifestyle, metabolic syndrome and mortality: a whole-country cohort in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Sotos-Prieto ◽  
Rosario Ortolá ◽  
Miguel Ruiz-Canela ◽  
Esther Garcia-Esquinas ◽  
David Martínez-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract Background Evidence is limited about the joint health effects of the Mediterranean lifestyle on cardiometabolic health and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the Mediterranean lifestyle with the frequency of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in Spain. Methods Data were taken from ENRICA study, a prospective cohort of 11,090 individuals aged 18+ years, representative of the population of Spain, who were free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes at 2008–2010 and were followed-up to 2017. The Mediterranean lifestyle was assessed at baseline with the 27-item MEDLIFE index (with higher score representing better adherence). Results Compared to participants in the lowest quartile of MEDLIFE, those in the highest quartile had a multivariable-adjusted odds ratio 0.73 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5, 0.93) for MS, 0.63. (0.51, 0.80) for abdominal obesity, and 0.76 (0.63, 0.90) for low HDL-cholesterol. Similarly, a higher MELDIFE score was associated with lower HOMA-IR and highly-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P-trend < 0.001). During a mean follow-up of 8.7 years, 330 total deaths (74 CVD deaths) were ascertained. When comparing those in highest vs. lowest quartile of MEDLIFE, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) was 0.58 (0.37, 0.90) for total mortality and 0.33 (0.11, 1.02) for cardiovascular mortality. Conclusions The Mediterranean lifestyle was associated with lower frequency of MS and reduced all-cause mortality in Spain. Future studies should determine if this also applies to other Mediterranean countries, and also improve cardiovascular health outside the Mediterranean basin.

scholarly journals Family Meals, Conviviality and the Mediterranean Diet among Families with Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2499
Author(s):  
Andrea de la Torre-Moral ◽  
Sergi Fàbregues ◽  
Anna Bach-Faig ◽  
Albert Fornieles-Deu ◽  
F. Xavier Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Family Meals ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Family Meal ◽  
Food Pattern ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Meal Composition

Two aspects that characterize the Mediterranean diet (MD) are “what” and “how” we eat. Conviviality relates to “how” we eat and to the pleasure of sharing meals with significant people. The most studied concept is “family meals”, which includes conviviality, which involves “enjoying” family meals. Given the lack of research on convivial family meals in Mediterranean countries, the purpose of this qualitative study was to analyze the family meal representations and practices of families with 12- to 16-year-old adolescents to assess whether they responded to a pattern of conviviality, and to examine their association with MD adherence. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted and food frequency and family meal questionnaires were administered. A food pattern analysis was carried out and digital photos of meals were analyzed to examine eating habits and meal composition, respectively. The findings showed that parents believed family meals are a space for socialization and communication. Items relating to the conviviality of family meals identified in the study were meal frequency, meals at the table, lack of digital distractions, pleasant conversations, and time spent on family meals. Attention should be paid to conviviality in Mediterranean families when designing multi-approach strategies to promote healthy eating among adolescents.

Future water-related risks and management options in the Mediterranean basin 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianela Fader ◽  
Carlo Giupponi ◽  
Selmin Burak ◽  
Hamouda Dakhlaoui ◽  
Aristeidis Koutroulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Climate And Environmental Change ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Future ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

&lt;p&gt;The presentation will summarize the main findings of the chapter &amp;#8220;Water&amp;#8221;[1] of the report &amp;#8220;Climate and Environmental Change in the Mediterranean Basin &amp;#8211; Current Situation and Risks for the Future&amp;#8221;. This report was published in November 2020 and prepared by 190 scientists from 25 countries, who belong to the scientific network &amp;#8220;Mediterranean Experts on Climate and Environmental Change&amp;#8221;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Water resources in the Mediterranean are scarce, unevenly distributed and often mismatching human and environmental needs. Approx. 180 million people in the southern and eastern Mediterranean countries suffer from water scarcity (&lt;1000 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; capita&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; yr&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;). The main water use is for agriculture, and more specifically on the southern and eastern rim. Water demand for both tourism and agriculture peak in summer, potentially enhancing conflicts in the future. Municipal water use is particularly constrained in the south and will likely be exacerbated in the future by demographic and migration phenomena. Northern countries face additional risks in flood prone areas where urban settlements are rapidly increasing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Climate change, in combination with demographic and socio-economic developments, has mainly negative consequences for the water cycle in the Mediterranean Basin, including reduced runoff and groundwater recharge, increased crop water requirements, increased conflicts among users, and increased risk of overexploitation and degradation. These impacts will be particularly severe for global warming higher than 2&amp;#176;C.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Adequate water supply and demand management offers some options to cope with risks. Technical solutions are available for improving water use efficiency and productivity, and increasing reuse. Seawater desalination is increasingly used as adaptation measure to reduce (potable) water scarcity in dry Mediterranean countries, despite known drawbacks in terms of environmental impacts and energy requirements. Promising solar technologies are under development, potentially reducing emissions and costs. Reuse of wastewater is a solution for agriculture and industrial activities but also recharge of aquifers. Inter-basin transfers may lead to controversies and conflicts. Construction of dams contributes to the reduction of water and energy scarcities, but with trade-offs in terms of social and environmental impacts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Overall, water demand management, which increases water use efficiency and reduces water losses, is crucial for water governance for a sustainable development. Maintaining Mediterranean diet or coming back to it on the basis of locally produced foods and reducing food wastes may save water but also carbon emissions while having nutritional and health benefits.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;p&gt;[1] &lt;strong&gt;Fader M.&lt;/strong&gt;, Giupponi C., Burak S., Dakhlaoui H., Koutroulis A., Lange M.A., Llasat M.C., Pulido-Velazquez D., Sanz-Cobe&amp;#241;a A. (2020): Water. In: Climate and Environmental Change in the Mediterranean Basin &amp;#8211; Current Situation and Risks for the Future. First Mediterranean Assessment Report [Cramer W, Guiot J, Marini K (eds.)] Union for the Mediterranean, Plan Bleu, UNEP/MAP, Marseille, France, 57pp, in press. Download&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

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