scholarly journals Arrangement Plan of Inner Mongolia Buddhist Temple

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-90
Author(s):  
Enke Haoribao ◽  
Yoshinori Natsume ◽  
Shinichi Hamada

Since BC, the construction of cities has been started in the Mongolian Plateau with the establishment of dynasties, but many were turned into ruins. However, the Tibetan Buddhist temples built after the 16th century, which are an indispensable element in the process of settling the Mongolians from nomadic life, have been relatively well preserved in Inner Mongolia. These temples have been thought to be the epitome of the Mongolian economy, culture, art, and construction technology. Therefore, it has a great significance to research them systematically. Interestingly, these temples in Mongolia were originated from Inner Mongolia, which is located on the south side of Mongolia. The architectural design of these temples has been primarily influenced by Chinese and Tibetan temple architecture, suggesting that the temples appear to be considered a vital sample for studying temple architecture in Mongolia or East Asia. So far, there is still no study systematically on temple architecture in Inner Mongolia. Therefore, this research aims to study the arrangement plan of Inner Mongolian Tibetan Buddhist temples, which is the most important factor to consider in the first stage of temple construction.

Author(s):  
Andrew Logie

In current day South Korea pseudohistory pertaining to early Korea and northern East Asia has reached epidemic proportions. Its advocates argue the early state of Chosŏn to have been an expansive empire centered on mainland geographical Manchuria. Through rationalizing interpretations of the traditional Hwan’ung- Tan’gun myth, they project back the supposed antiquity and pristine nature of this charter empire to the archaeological Hongshan Culture of the Neolithic straddling Inner Mongolia and Liaoning provinces of China. Despite these blatant spatial and temporal exaggerations, all but specialists of early Korea typically remain hesitant to explicitly label this conceptualization as “pseudohistory.” This is because advocates of ancient empire cast themselves as rationalist scholars and claim to have evidential arguments drawn from multiple textual sources and archaeology. They further wield an emotive polemic defaming the domestic academic establishment as being composed of national traitors bent only on maintaining a “colonial view of history.” The canon of counterevidence relied on by empire advocates is the accumulated product of 20th century revisionist and pseudo historiography, but to willing believers and non-experts, it can easily appear convincing and overwhelming. Combined with a postcolonial nationalist framing and situated against the ongoing historiography dispute with China, their conceptualization of a grand antiquity has gained bipartisan political influence with concrete ramifications for professional scholarship. This paper seeks to introduce and debunk the core, seemingly evidential, canon of arguments put forward by purveyors of Korean pseudohistory and to expose their polemics, situating the phenomenon in a broader diagnostic context of global pseudohistory and archaeology.


2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-550
Author(s):  
Li Yong-Sŏng ◽  
Park Won Kil
Keyword(s):  

AbstractThis paper attempts to give new explanation for the expression agrïp yok bol- occurring in 9th line of the south side of the Bilgä Kagan Inscription. After a thorough survey of former research and several Chinese sources, the authors came to the conclusion that this expression must be a euphemistic expression for being beheaded in a battle. The authors found also that kog säŋün was Guo Yingjie 郭英傑. In sum, the sentence in question is to be read as ulug oglum agrïp yok bolča kog säŋünüg balbal tikä bertim ‘When my oldest son died of a disease, I readily erected General Kog as a balbal (for him).’ The expression agrïp yok bol- is to be regarded as a euphemistic expression for being beheaded in a battle.


Author(s):  
Esraa Aladdin Noori ◽  
Nasser Zain AlAbidine Ahmed

The Russian-American relations have undergone many stages of conflict and competition over cooperation that have left their mark on the international balance of power in the Middle East. The Iraqi and Syrian crises are a detailed development in the Middle East region. The Middle East region has allowed some regional and international conflicts to intensify, with the expansion of the geopolitical circle, which, if applied strategically to the Middle East region, covers the area between Afghanistan and East Asia, From the north to the Maghreb to the west and to the Sudan and the Greater Sahara to the south, its strategic importance will seem clear. It is the main lifeline of the Western world.


2012 ◽  
Vol 256-259 ◽  
pp. 1748-1753
Author(s):  
Bin Zhao ◽  
Pei Wen Hao

As vehicle flow on arterial highway in Inner Mongolia sharply increased, the originally designed natural increase rate of 8% per year has been exceeded on the vehicle flow in some sections. According to statistics, monthly average vehicle flow on major section of G6 expressway has reached a standard flow of 67478 vehicles per day and night, of which in 70-80% are large ones for coal transportation. Therefore, pavement load and road capacity have exceed the designed expressway load capacity. At present, semi-rigid base asphalt pavement structure is still widely used for high-grade highway pavement in Inner Mongolia. With years of construction for such pavement structure, a great deal of valuable experience has been gained on construction technology. However, there are still a few deficiencies in the quality of raw materials, gradation control of asphalt mixture and adjustment of equipment, etc. Hohhot circle expressway connects with the G6 and G7 expressways, suffering from problems such as large vehicle flow and load overweight. This paper introduced a key technique that should be properly controlled during construction of such pavement structure, emphasized technique control and management of the following aspects, i.e. ballast sizes and gradation control, asphalt concrete mixture, adjustment of pavers, validation of mixing proportion in production and reasonable arrangement of process, and summarized corresponding technical measures taken during construction of asphalt pavement in this project.


Author(s):  
Walter Garstang
Keyword(s):  

The crab whose habits I now describe has not previously been recorded as an inhabitant of British seas. I found two specimens, both male, imbedded in a patch of coarse shell sand on the south side of Drake's Island at low water, spring tides: one on August 11th, 1896, and the other on the following day.


1926 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Casson

The mound of Kilindir (fig. 1) lies about one kilometre south-west of the station of that name on the railway that runs from Salonika to Constantinople via Seres, Dedeagatch and Adrianople. A small stream called Gyol Ayak issues from the south side of Lake Doiran exactly at the modern village at Doiran station. This stream, after passing through nine kilometres of broken and ravined country, issues into more open ground just by the modern Chiflik which represents the pre-war site of the village of Kilindir.


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