scholarly journals Adesivos de lignina Kraft de Eucalyptus spp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Josué Teixeira ◽  
Larissa Carvalho Santos ◽  
Iris Araújo Silva ◽  
Vivian Silva Santos ◽  
Eduarda Marcela Algelly Costa Piau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

: O aumento na produção de celulose na última década acarretou aumento da geração de licor negro, cujo principal componente é a lignina Kraft. A estrutura da lignina Kraft de eucalipto, tipo siringil, é a menos reativa ao formaldeído, devido à presença de grupos metil ligados aos carbonos 3 e 5 das unidades de fenilpropano. Apesar disto, ainda é considerada o substituto mais promissor para os compostos fenólicos não renováveis. Objetivou-se sintetizar adesivos lignina-fenol-formaldeído, caracterizar suas propriedades e avaliar a resistência ao cisalhamento na linha de cola. Para isso, utilizou-se lignina Kraft de eucalipto para sintetizar 4 adesivos (T2, T3, T4 e T5) com substituição de 25, 50, 75 e 100 % do fenol, respectivamente. Ademais, foi sintetizado adesivo testemunha, sem substituição do fenol. Foram observadas variações significativas de gel time entre todos os tratamentos, com maior valor em T1;  os valores de pH diminuiram à medida que a lignina Kraft foi adicionada aos adesivos, com o maior valor obtido para T1; os valores de teor de sólidos também foram estatisticamente diferentes entre si; na viscosidade todos os tratamentos foram estatisticamente diferentes entre-se, com aumento no valor desta propriedade conforme incrementou-se a quantidade de lignina; No teste de cisalhamento, nas condições seca e úmida, T5 e T4 apresentaram os maiores valores de resistência. Concluiu-se que os adesivos T4 e T5 possuem maior potencial para aplicação industrial.

e-Polymers ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duangruthai Sridaeng ◽  
Wannisa Jitaree ◽  
Preecha Thiampanya ◽  
Nuanphun Chantarasiri

AbstractTwo metal acetate-ethanolamine complexes, namely Cu(OAc)2(EA) and Zn(OAc)2(EA), were synthesized from metal acetates [M(OAc)2, where M=Cu and Zn] and ethanolamine (EA). These metal acetate-ethanolamine complexes can be used as catalysts in the preparation of rigid polyurethane (RPUR) foams. Both Cu(OAc)2(EA) and Zn(OAc)2(EA) were obtained as viscous liquids, which have very weak odor and could be easily dissolved in the starting materials of RPUR foam formulation. The results were compared with RPUR foam prepared from dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA), which is a commercial catalyst with very strong amine odor. Considering the gel time and rise time, Cu(OAc)2(EA) had higher catalytic activity than Zn(OAc)2(EA) and both metal acetate-ethanolamine complexes had lower catalytic activity than DMCHA. Density and compressive strength of RPUR foam catalyzed by Cu(OAc)2(EA) were comparable to that prepared from DMCHA.


1989 ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Akira MORI ◽  
Masahito TAMURA ◽  
Ken-ichi HARAGUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Gel Time ◽  

Holzforschung ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Xing ◽  
S.Y. Zhang ◽  
J. Deng

Abstract Knowledge of pH and buffering capacity of raw fiber materials is important for understanding the effects of raw material on the curing rate of urea formaldehyde (UF) resin, used for panel manufacturing, especially with some less-desirable wood materials such as bark, top, and commercial thinnings. The effects of pH and buffering capacity as well as catalyst content on the gel time of UF resin were investigated. The results obtained from this study indicate that bark has a lower pH value as well as higher acid and alkaline buffering capacities than wood of the same species due to their extractives. The pH values of the raw fiber materials studied decrease with increased absolute and relative acid buffering capacity due to the increased absolute acidity mass in the solution. At lower levels of added catalyst, the effect of raw material pH on UF resin gel time is significant, while it is insignificant at higher catalyst contents. This may be due to the acidity of wood, which is the main acid catalyst source of the mixture at lower levels of added catalyst, while at higher levels, catalyst is the main source. With higher catalyst contents, all studied raw materials mixed with UF resin result in a longer gel time than does UF resin alone.


2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mohamed Farsane ◽  
Abdellah Anouar ◽  
Souad Chah ◽  
Said Dagdag ◽  
Miloud Bouzziri

The paper aims to evaluate the gel time and exotherm temperature properties of the curing of unsaturated polyester resin at various amounts of Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, cobalt octoate and porcelain powder. The gel time of samples are determined using the simple method, while the exotherm temperature are evaluated using the thermocouple. The variation of these properties is discussed theoretically and experimentally.


Author(s):  
Jan W. Gooch
Keyword(s):  

2017 ◽  
Vol 726 ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Sun ◽  
Xue Ye Sui ◽  
Chang Ling Zhou ◽  
Nai Hong Han ◽  
Fu Tian Liu

In this experiment, silica sol was used as raw material, the mixture of ammonium chloride and ammonia was used as coagulant. After replacing the solvent with n-hexane, silica aerogel was obtained under the condition of normal pressure. The influence of sol pH and coagulating temperature on the gel time was studied. According to the SEM photographs, the influence of drying temperature from 30 °C to 60 °C on the microstructure of silica aerogel was analyzed. This study showed that when sol pH was 6.5, coagulating temperature was 80 °C and the concentration of ammonia was 0.4 mol/L, the gel time was the shortest. The average size of silica aerogel particles was 10-20 nm, the average size of apertures was 20-50 nm. When the drying temperature was 40 °C, the specific surface area was 402.41 m2/g, the pore volume was 2.33 cm3/g, the density was 0.18 g/cm3.


1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
K A Kozielski ◽  
N C Billingham ◽  
G A George ◽  
D C L Greenfield ◽  
J M Barton

The cross-linking reactions of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulphone (DDS) with stoichiometric quantities of glycidyl ether- or tetraglycidyl amine-based epoxy resins were monitored using chemiluminescence (CL) and rheometry. It was found that, when a sample was cured isothermally in air, the CL profile increased to a maximum, then decreased again. The maximum was found to correspond well with the gel time (tgel), as measured by rheometry. This observation is discussed in relation to the chemical reactions occurring within the material and the physical state of the matrix. The effect of impurities in DDS on the gel time of these epoxy resins is reported.


Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1602
Author(s):  
Ahmad Arar ◽  
Haifaa Mokbel ◽  
Frédéric Dumur ◽  
Jacques Lalevée

Currently, Redox Initiating Systems (RISs) of Free Radical Polymerization (FRP) are mainly based on the interaction of aromatic amines with peroxides (e.g., dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO)) that can be both toxic and unstable. In the present work, we aim to replace these hazardous substances in new RIS that can be peroxide-free and amine-free. Our redox two components (2K) initiating system is based on diphenylsilane (DPS) as reducing agent combined with different metal complexes (Mn(acac)2, Cu(AAEMA)2 or Fe(acac)3) as oxidizing agents. For the new proposed RIS, an excellent reactivity is found for the polymerization of benchmark methacrylate monomers under mild conditions (redox polymerization done under air and at room temperature); remarkably, it is also possible to finely control the gel time. Different techniques (optical pyrometry, Real-Time FTIR spectroscopy, Cyclic Voltammetry and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR)) were used to follow the polymerization processes but also to shed some light on the new redox chemical mechanisms.


2020 ◽  
Vol 595 ◽  
pp. 412371
Author(s):  
Chayan Kanchan Karmakar ◽  
Priyanka Betal ◽  
Sampad Mukherjee

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