scholarly journals Sustainable landscape development and value rigidity: the Pirsig‘s monkey trap

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Zurlini ◽  
Irene Petrosillo ◽  
András Bozsik ◽  
Jon Cloud ◽  
Roberta Aretano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Societal Values ◽  
Basic And Applied Research ◽  
Sustainability Problems ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Sustainable Landscape ◽  
Global Transition

New broader, adaptable and accommodating sets of themes have been proposed to help to identify, understand and solve sustainability problems. However, how this knowledge will foster decisions that lead to more desirable outcomes and analyses necessary to transition to sustainability remains a critical theoretical and empirical question for basic and applied research. We argue that we are still underestimating the tendency to lock into certain patterns that come at the cost of the ability to adjust to new situations. This rigidity limits the ability of persons, groups, and companies to respond to new problems, and can make it hard to learn new facts because we pre-select facts as important, or not, in line with our established values. Changing circumstances demand to reappraise values like in the case of Pirsig's monkey and its rice. There is an urgent need to go beyond such local, static and short-term conceptions, where landscape sustainability has been incorrectly envisioned as a durable, stable condition that, once achieved, could persist for generations. We argue that to manage a global transition toward more environmentally efficient and, therefore, more sustainable land-use we have to reappraise societal values at the root of overregulation and rigidity.

An Exploration into the Nature of the Making of Human and Artifcial Intelligence and the Qur’anic Persepctive

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-481
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Dhaouadi
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Information Process ◽  
Cultural Symbols ◽  
Ongoing Controversy ◽  
Basic And Applied Research

The ongoing controversy over artificial and human intelligence ischaracterized by open disagreement. Some researchers believe that artificialintelligence has the potential to become equal to or even superior tohuman intelligence, while others say that such a development is impossible.The thesis of this paper is that the gap between human and artificialintelligence is bound to remain considerable, both in the short term andin the long term. The concepts of human cultural symbols and theQur’anic vision of human intelligence are intduced in support of thisthesis. Humanity’s ability to manipulate cultural symbols, upon which thephenomenon of human intelligence depends, is a uniquely human characteristic.And this uniqueness, according to the Qur’an, is the direct resultof a divine decision, not of evolution. As such an ability and many of themysteries of that power, are hardly accessible to humans, how wouldhuman researchers be able to include them in the design of artificial intelligencemachines?In the last two decades, research in the field of artificial intelligence(hereinafter referred to as AI) has made considerable headway on both thetheoretical and the applied levels. The input into the field has not beenrestricted only to cybernetics and information process experts; neurophysiologists,cognitive psychologists, philosophers, and sociologists’ havealso been interested in human intelligence (hereinafter referred to as HI)and AI. As AI infrastructures and authority continue to expand in modemand postmodem societies, specialists in other areas will have to becomeinvolved.For scientists, basic and applied research into A1 constitute an exciting ...

scholarly journals Do company-owned academic patents influence firm performance? Evidence from the Italian industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Cerulli ◽  
Giovanni Marin ◽  
Eleonora Pierucci ◽  
Bianca Potì
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Knowledge Spillovers ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Academic Patents ◽  
Basic And Applied Research ◽  
University Industry

AbstractWe document that firms holding academic patents in their portfolios perform better in terms of market power since they benefit from academic knowledge spillovers generated by academic patents. On the other hand, we detect a negative effect on firms’ short-term profitability imputable to a larger fixed cost associated to the acquisition and exploitation of these patents. In terms of policy, our analysis suggests focusing on company-owned academic patents. A set of economic incentives dedicated to university–industry knowledge transfer through academic patents could support integration between basic and applied research.

Protecting the Desperate: The Regulation of Payday Lending

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-176
Author(s):  
Andrew J Serpell
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Credit ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Payday Lending ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Payday Loans ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Credit Contracts ◽  
The Cost

Payday loans are small-amount, short-term, unsecured, high-cost credit contracts provided by non-mainstream credit providers. Payday loans are usually taken out to help the consumer pay for essential items, such as food, rent, electricity, petrol, broken-down appliances or car registration or repairs. These consumers take out payday loans because they cannot — or believe that they cannot — obtain a loan from a mainstream credit provider such as a bank. In recent years there has been a protracted debate in Australia — and in several overseas jurisdictions — about how to regulate the industry. Recent amendments to the National Consumer Credit Protection Act 2009 (Cth) — referred to in this article as the 2013 reforms — are designed to better protect payday loan consumers. While the 2013 reforms provide substantially improved protection for payday loan consumers, further changes to the law may be warranted. This article raises several law reform issues which should be considered as part of the 2015 review into small amount credit contracts, including whether the caps on the cost of credit are set at the right level, whether the required content and presentation of the consumer warnings needs to be altered, whether more needs to be done to protect consumers who are particularly disadvantaged or vulnerable and whether a general anti-avoidance provision should be included in the credit legislation.

Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Youth

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Bryant Miller ◽  
Maya Massing-Schaffer ◽  
Sarah Owens ◽  
Mitchell J. Prinstein
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Assessment Techniques ◽  
Basic And Applied Research ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is direct, intentional harm to one’s own body performed without the intent to die. NSSI has a marked developmental onset reaching peak prevalence in adolescence. NSSI is present in the context of multiple psychological disorders and stands alone as a separate phenomenon. Research has accumulated over the past several decades regarding the course of NSSI. While great advances have been made, there remains a distinct need for basic and applied research in the area of NSSI. This chapter reviews prevalence rates, correlates and risk factors, and leading theories of NSSI. Further, it reviews assessment techniques and provides recommendations. Then, it presents the latest evidence-based treatment recommendations and provides a case example. Finally, cutting edge research and the next frontier of research in this area are outlined.

Bioluminescence: Basic and Applied Research.

2017 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-388
Author(s):  
Eugene S. Vysotski
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Basic And Applied Research

From the History of Creation of Plastic Lubricants. Basic and Applied Research

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
V. V. Vainshtok ◽  
N. S. Smirnova ◽  
A. S. Skobel’tsin
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Basic And Applied Research ◽  
Plastic Lubricants

scholarly journals Methods to Prevent Future Severe Animal Welfare Problems Caused by COVID-19 in the Pork Industry

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 830
Author(s):  
Temple Grandin
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pork Industry ◽  
Third Party Auditing ◽  
The Cost ◽  
High Welfare

In the U.S., the most severe animal welfare problems caused by COViD-19 were in the pork industry. Thousands of pigs had to be destroyed on the farm due to reduced slaughter capacity caused by ill workers. In the future, both short-term and long-term remedies will be needed. In the short-term, a portable electrocution unit that uses scientifically validated electrical parameters for inducing instantaneous unconsciousness, would be preferable to some of the poor killing methods. A second alternative would be converting the slaughter houses to carcass production. This would require fewer people to process the same number of pigs. The pandemic revealed the fragility of large centralized supply chains. A more distributed supply chain with smaller abattoirs would be more robust and less prone to disruption, but the cost of pork would be greater. Small abattoirs can coexist with large slaughter facilities if they process pigs for specialized premium markets such as high welfare pork. The pandemic also had a detrimental effect on animal welfare inspection and third party auditing programs run by large meat buyers. Most in-person audits in the slaughter plants were cancelled and audits were done by video. Video audits should never completely replace in-person audits.

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