Islamic Law on Mediation in Indonesia; Position and Strategy

This paper is about Islamic Law on Mediation in Indonesia; Position and Strategy. Islamic law in the context of its position and strategy towards national law becoming positive law has sparked ongoing controversy since independence until now. The various strategies and explanations about them give a special style to the peculiarities of Islamic legal thought in Indonesia. This paper focuses on how the position and strategy of Islamic law in the positivization of law in Indonesia. The plurality of Indonesian law, which is a necessity, becomes a positive partner for Islamic law towards the positivization of legal law nationally. The strategy taken is to unite perceptions which are the substance of Islamic teachings in the meaning of sharia and fiqh in the form of universality values that exist in Islam such as the substance of justice, honesty, equality, balance and the like. The concept of mediation in Islamic law must be in accordance with PERMA No. 1 of 2016, its position and strategy. Mediation is nothing more than facilitating the negotiation process, where a mediator tries to help the parties negotiate effectively and efficiently so that they can reach the decisions they want. There are two simple rules for mediators proposed by Stitt, namely the first is do no harm.

Critical Pedagogy and Children’s Beneficial Development

Ongoing controversy debates whether public schools should implement critical pedagogy—curricula centering on the perspectives of marginalized peoples. Despite much contention, students (particularly racially marginalized students) enrolled in courses that employ critical pedagogy demonstrate more school engagement, higher grade point averages (GPAs), and more civic engagement than students who do not. Building on previous reviews, this article briefly summarizes the history and controversy of critical pedagogy, evaluates the scientific evidence surrounding it, and offers suggestions on how to make the most of critical pedagogy in academic curricula.

Righting History

In recent years there has been ongoing controversy in the United States regarding monuments and place names commemorating the Confederate cause in the American Civil War. The following discussion focuses on Monument Avenue in the former Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. This was one of the most prominent locations of Confederate commemoration until statues along the avenue began to be removed during 2020. While also needing to be seen in the immediate context of events in mid-2020, these removals followed a process of investigation and consultation carried out by Richmond City Council. This produced a report which is now a useful resource for a case study investigating Monument Avenue and the broader issues its history helps to illustrate.

Exploring Links between Complexity Constructs and Children’s Knowledge Formation: Implications for Science Learning

This essay brings together two lines of work—that of children’s cognition and that of complexity science. These two lines of work have been linked repeatedly in the past, including in the field of science education. Nevertheless, questions remain about how complexity constructs can be used to support children’s learning. This uncertainty is particularly troublesome given the ongoing controversy about how to promote children’s understanding of scientifically valid insights. We therefore seek to specify the knowledge–complexity link systematically. Our approach started with a preliminary step—namely, to consider issues of knowledge formation separately from issues of complexity. To this end, we defined central characteristics of knowledge formation (without considerations of complexity), and we defined central characteristics of complex systems (without considerations of cognition). This preliminary step allowed us to systematically explore the degree of alignment between these two lists of characteristics. The outcome of this analysis revealed a close correspondence between knowledge truisms and complexity constructs, though to various degrees. Equipped with this insight, we derive complexity answers to open questions relevant to science learning.

Ten Years of Experience in Treating Patients With Digoxin Toxicity Without Using Digoxin Fab Antibody

Background: Digoxin is extensively prescribed for cardiac diseases, so its chronic or acute toxicity commonly occur. Although digoxin specific antibodies (anti-digoxin Fab) are recommended to be used in patients with cardiac symptoms of digoxin toxicity, there is ongoing controversy about the effectiveness and dose of anti-digoxin Fab. Because our department lacks access to anti-digoxin Fab and the high cost of the antidote, we evaluated 10 years of experience in treating patients with digoxin toxicity without using digoxin Fab antibodies considering outcomes. Methods: A retrospective study was performed in Khorshid Hospital, affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, from October 2008 to September 2018. Patients with acute or chronic digoxin toxicity were included in the study. The patients’ data were gathered and analyzed according to their medical documents. Results: Out of 150 cases with digoxin toxicity, 38% (n=57) were acute and 62% (n=93) were chronic. About 64.7% (n=97) were female. The most common non-cardiac manifestations of toxicity were gastrointestinal (67.3%, n=101) and neurological symptoms (52.7%, n=79). Bradyarrhythmia (80.5%, n=33) was the most cardiac manifestation in patients with acute (15.8% n=9) and chronic (25.8%, n=24) toxicity. A total of 144 (96%) cases fully recovered with supportive care, and 6 patients (4%) died. None of the cases received anti-digoxin Fab. Conclusion: The majority of presentations with acute or chronic toxicity recovered with supportive measures without using anti-digoxin Fab.

The Ethics of Placebo and Nocebo in Psychotherapy

There is as little doubt as much as there is empirical proof that psychotherapy is an effective intervention for psychological problems and disorders. However, there is ongoing controversy about the mechanisms underlying these often impressive, but also often overestimated effects, reaching back to the very origins of psychotherapy research. While this “great psychotherapy debate” vivifies both psychotherapy research and practice, it finally poses an ethical challenge for both psychotherapists and psychotherapy scholars. Basically, the lack of agreed and validated mechanisms impedes the attempt to inform patients about how changes of psychotherapy are brought about. Thus, even though patients can readily be furnished with possible and expectable benefits, costs and strains, the situation becomes more complex and less certain with regard to the specific mechanisms and determinants of change. In this chapter, psychotherapy scholars’ strivings and troubles for specificity will be briefly covered, touching the uncomfortable relationship with placebo and nocebo and finishing with an ethical plea for transparency in psychotherapy and of psychotherapists.

Sweeping the Streets, Cleaning Morals: Chinese Sex Workers in Paris Claiming Their Belonging to the Cosmopolitan City

Since 2016, hundreds of Chinese migrants selling sexual services in Paris have been the target of systematic control operations by the police, whose clear objective is to “sweep” prostitution out of some neighbourhoods. In reaction to these measures, a group of Chinese women organized their own collective, The Steel Roses (Les Roses d’Acier), and asked the local government to better prevent violence against sex workers, rather than fight sex workers themselves. By doing so, they tried to embody political agency, and asked for the local government to include them as part of the “local diversity” and as legitimate city users. In a context of local gentrification, where diversity is presented as an important characteristic of these multicultural neighborhoods, such a mobilization by migrant sex workers underlines the ongoing controversy around the definition of diversity, as well as controversy in terms of who is legitimate to embody urban imaging. This chapter proposes to describe the controversy launched by the Chinese sex workers in some districts of Paris as another case study of the ways political power relations contribute to the definition of what is diversity and who belongs to a city defined in terms of cosmopolitanism.