Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Youth

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Bryant Miller ◽  
Maya Massing-Schaffer ◽  
Sarah Owens ◽  
Mitchell J. Prinstein
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Assessment Techniques ◽  
Basic And Applied Research ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is direct, intentional harm to one’s own body performed without the intent to die. NSSI has a marked developmental onset reaching peak prevalence in adolescence. NSSI is present in the context of multiple psychological disorders and stands alone as a separate phenomenon. Research has accumulated over the past several decades regarding the course of NSSI. While great advances have been made, there remains a distinct need for basic and applied research in the area of NSSI. This chapter reviews prevalence rates, correlates and risk factors, and leading theories of NSSI. Further, it reviews assessment techniques and provides recommendations. Then, it presents the latest evidence-based treatment recommendations and provides a case example. Finally, cutting edge research and the next frontier of research in this area are outlined.

Comparison of Brief Measures of the Prevalence of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in a Nonclinical Sample of Young Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica J. Morales ◽  
Trevor J. Buser ◽  
Mena S. Farag
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Single Item ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Nonclinical Sample ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

This study compared the past-year prevalence rates of nonsuicidal self-injury produced by a behavioral checklist assessment and a single-item measure. In order to extend previous research on differences in prevalence rates across research samples, we employed both assessment types within a single sample of young adults (N = 433). Moreover, as an indicator of convergent validity, those rates were analyzed in association with participants' depression and anxiety scores. Findings indicated that the checklist assessment, relative to the single-item measure, produced a substantially higher prevalence rate, thereby providing greater evidence for the validity of its outcomes on the basis of convergence.

Epidemiology of Asthma and Influence of Ethnicity

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (01) ◽  
pp. 003-011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theo Moraes ◽  
Malcolm Sears ◽  
Padmaja Subbarao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Asthma Prevalence ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Care Interventions ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractAsthma is a heterogeneous disorder with a complex etiology. Prevalence rates for asthma have been increasing in many countries over the past few decades. While it is unclear why this increase is occurring, the variation reported in asthma prevalence and severity associated with ethnicity offers some insight into the determinants of asthma. In this chapter, we discuss the data linking asthma to ethnicity and some of the factors that may explain this association. These include socioeconomic status, environmental exposures, the host microbiome, and genetics. A better understanding of these processes may inform future mechanistic studies and identify modifiable risk factors for targeted health care interventions.

Fatigue and HIV

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Breitbart ◽  
Anna L. Dickerman
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Symptom Management ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Important Condition ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
The Past

Fatigue is commonly reported by persons with HIV and AIDS and is associated with impaired physical function, reduced quality of life, and suboptimal treatment adherence. Patients regard fatigue as an important condition to be addressed because it is disabling and distressing. In the past, fatigue was overlooked and undertreated by physicians, but clinicians caring for persons with HIV and AIDS have been giving more attention to symptom management and patients’ quality of life. Increased attention to symptom management in HIV and AIDS warrants familiarity with major issues in evaluation and treatment of fatigue. This chapter reviews the definition and assessment of fatigue, prevalence of fatigue in HIV/AIDS and its impact on patients, medical and psychological causes of fatigue, and evidence-based treatment strategies.

Substance misuse and older people: a question of values

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilana Crome
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older People ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
Treatment Regimes ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Physical Disorders

Key points• Substances are drugs that alter mental state and are potentially addictive.• Substance abuse is not confined to the younger population; it is also prevalent in older people—alcohol and prescription drugs are the most commonly misused in this population.• The possibility of substance misuse should not be dismissed because of the patient’s age.• Recommended alcohol limits are likely to be lower than for younger adults.• Risk factors differ for older people, e.g. bereavement, retirement, loneliness, boredom.• Substance misuse is often accompanied by other mental and physical disorders.• Older people can improve with treatment so should be comprehensively assessed and offered evidence-based treatment regimes that are adjusted to take their special needs into account.

Suicidal and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Borderline Personality Disorder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret S. Andover ◽  
Heather T. Schatten ◽  
Blair W. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Suicide Attempted ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are at an elevated risk for engaging in self-injurious behaviors, including suicide, attempted suicide, and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of research on self-injurious behaviors among individuals with BPD. Definitions and prevalence rates are provided for NSSI, suicide, and attempted suicide. Clinical correlates of and risk factors for the behaviors, as well as associations between specific BPD criteria and self-injurious behaviors, are discussed, and a brief overview of treatments focused on reducing self-injurious behaviors among BPD patients is provided. By understanding risk factors for attempted suicide and NSSI in BPD, we can better identify patients who are at increased risk and focus treatment efforts on addressing modifiable risk factors.

Aquatic Experiences for Young Children: Evaluating Risks and Benefits

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Langendorfer
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Instructional Programs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Educational Literature ◽  
Basic And Applied Research

Aquatic experiences including structured instructional programs for young children have become extremely popular over the past two decades despite opposition and controversy. Surprisingly, this popularity and controversy have not given rise to extensive or sustained research efforts by exercise scientists or aquatic professionals. Most information available for assessing risks and benefits of aquatic experiences for young children must be gleaned from ancillary sources in medical and educational literature. This paper reviews important issues and questions in the medical, developmental, and pedagogical areas of early childhood aquatics. The need for basic and applied research efforts by teams of exercise scientists from physiologic, psychologic, medical, and aquatic backgrounds is apparent.

scholarly journals Patients’ opinions of psychiatric care: a Swedish study

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 7-8
Author(s):  
Håkan Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Satisfaction With Care ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Health Care Administrators ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
Patients Satisfaction ◽  
The Past

Over the past few decades, health care as a whole and psychiatry specifically have evolved as a result of various societal influences. Quality assurance, evidence-based treatment and patients’ satisfaction with care are all examples of such trends. In Sweden, the patients’ satisfaction with care has become the concern both of researchers and of mental health care administrators. This may be a result of changed social norms and of the relatively recent apprehension of patients’ wish to participate in their own health care.

Introduction

2016 ◽  
pp. 2-8
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Strunk ◽  
Robert J. DeRubeis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

This volume provides what we believe to be the most comprehensive treatment of the range of mood disorders to date. In this introductory chapter, we present the organization and overarching themes of the volume. The volume’s coverage of mood disorders includes historical, cross-cultural, developmental, neuroscientific, etiological, and therapeutic issues. Following this introduction (Section I), Section II provides coverage of the phenomenology, classification, and assessment of mood disorders. A key theme of the section, the heterogeneity of mood disorders, is then carried through the volume. Section III addresses key etiologic, vulnerability and risk factors. Section IV covers key interpersonal and intra-personal factors, with several chapters focusing on neurobiological features. Section V examines variants of mood disorders as well as key sub-populations. Section VI addresses common comorbidities. Finally, Section VII surveys the wide array of commonly used and evidence-based treatment and prevention approaches.

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