scholarly journals Oroonoko: Post-colonialism, Kant and Todorov

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seren Boz Gökçen ◽  

Postcolonial theory looks at history, and it links to culture, sociology, psychology, and even politics and law. This study aims to analyze Aphra Behn Oroonoko with respect to post-colonialism, in particular, investigation of the extent colonialism, slavery, and being other. Oroonoko displays literary fiction and reality at the same time; thus, Immanuel Kant’s concepts of the noumenal world and phenomenal world have significant meaning. It draws on these theories and worlds: while the phenomenal world is day-to-day life conditions, the noumenal world is impossible to experience. On the other hand, Tzvetan Todorov’s perspectives on stories and novels are different, and he puts them in scales such as fantastic, uncanny and marvelous. For Oroonoko, readers can decide the scales only if they are willing to understand Todorov’s aims. The aim of this study is to examine Kant's concepts of the noumenal world and the phenomenal world, and Todorov's scales, as well as colonialism, slavery and being other.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seren Boz Gökçen

Postcolonial theory looks at history, and it links to culture, sociology, psychology, and even politics and law. This study aims to analyze Aphra Behn Oroonoko with respect to post-colonialism, in particular, investigation of the extent colonialism, slavery, and being other. Oroonoko displays literary fiction and reality at the same time; thus, Immanuel Kant’s concepts of the noumenal world and phenomenal world have significant meaning. It draws on these theories and worlds: while the phenomenal world is day-to-day life conditions, the noumenal world is impossible to experience. On the other hand, Tzvetan Todorov’s perspectives on stories and novels are different, and he puts them in scales such as fantastic, uncanny and marvelous. For Oroonoko, readers can decide the scales only if they are willing to understand Todorov’s aims. The aim of this study is to examine Kant's concepts of the noumenal world and the phenomenal world, and Todorov's scales, as well as colonialism, slavery and being other.


2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
Julia Langkau

AbstractThis paper argues that we should distinguish two different kinds of imaginative vividness: vividness of mental images and vividness of imaginative experiences. Philosophy has focussed on mental images, but distinguishing more complex vivid imaginative experiences from vivid mental images can help us understand our intuitions concerning the notion as well as the explanatory power of vividness. In particular, it can help us understand the epistemic role imagination can play on the one hand and our emotional engagement with literary fiction on the other hand.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Wilkens

Is "literary fiction" a useful genre label in the post-World War II United States? In some sense, the answer is obviously yes; there are sections marked "literary fiction" on Amazon, in bookstores, and on Goodreads, all of which contain many postwar and contemporary titles. Much of what is taught in contemporary fiction classes also falls under the heading of literary fiction, even if that label isn't always used explicitly. On the other hand, literary fiction, if it hangs together at all, may be defined as much by its (or its consumers') resistance to genre as by its positive textual content. That is, where conventional genres like the detective story or the erotic romance are recognizable by the presence of certain character types, plot events, and narrative styles, it is difficult to find any broadly agreeable set of such features by which literary fiction might be consistently identified.


2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-343
Author(s):  
Günter Figal

AbstractThis paper is an attempt to solve a key problem of phenomenology. The problem is given with the double role of the revealing capacity for which phenomena are present. On the one hand, this capacity must be prior to all phenomena, because it allows phenomena to show themselves and thus to be what they essentially are. On the other hand, the revealing capacity must be situated in the midst of phenomena; it must belong to the phenomenal world in order to have access to it. This problem has been discussed in different versions by Husserl, Heidegger, and Merleau-Ponty, but in every version it remains aporetic. The problem can be solved by conceiving the capacity, which reveals phenomena, as spatial. The paper shows how the essential priority of the revealing capacity as well as its situatedness in the midst of phenomena has spatial character. Phenomenology thus is spatial thinking.


2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-325
Author(s):  
Ninke Stukker

AbstractVerb tenses play an important role in managing deictic relations between the narrator, the audience and the events happening in the story world. Across languages, the Simple Past is considered the conventional story-telling tense, reflecting the prototypical deictic configuration of stories in which the narrator is positioned at some distance from the events unfolding in the story. The Simple Present, on the other hand, is considered a marked option for narration, assumed to automatically result in a shift to a subjective perspective. This paper reports on an analysis of a corpus made up of Dutch fictional short stories, news reports and feature articles. The results suggest that conventions for use and interpretation of verb tenses in narrative contexts are in fact genre-dependent. In the news genres, the Simple Present tense dominated in narration. This did not automatically result in a subjective mode or narration, but was naturally used to express a default narration of story events that temporally overlap with the temporal deictic center of the communicative ground. These findings suggest that previous analyses of verb tenses in relation to narration reflect an over-generalization based on the situational characteristics of prototypical narrative genres such as literary fiction and personal anecdotes.


Author(s):  
Olena Haleta

Finding itself at the end of the twentieth century in a situation of post-totalitarianism, post-colonialism and postmodernism, Ukrainian literature faced the problem of finding its own identity. Genres dedicated to the representation of literature, including the increasingly popular genre of anthology, were among the foremost means of creating an image of the literature in its totality. From the end of the 1990s onward, the search for a usable tradition was accompanied by a sense of obligation to highlight one’s own modernity, delimit its periods and define its constitutive properties. The national literature has faced the problem taking into account the heritage of totalitarianism and colonialism, which involves coming to terms with its internal space as a multilingual one. On the other hand, the space of literature has extended over the state border, promising to create a new homogeneity of literature and overcoming the differences between domestic and diaspora literature.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
Iwan Saputra

Hegemoni merupakan salah satu upaya yang dilakukan oleh penjajah untuk melanggengkan kekuasaannya. Dengan hegemoni tersebut, penjajah akan terus menjadi dominan terhadap kaum terjajah. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis berusaha mengelaborasi tentang bentuk dan model hegemoni wacana kolonial yang terdapat dalam cerpen mereka bilang, saya monyet karya Djenar Mahesa Ayu dengan menggunakan teori pascakolonial.  Adapun teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisis cerpen tersebut adalah konsep pascakolonial Homi K. Bhabha, yaitu tentang stereotype, mimicry dan hibriditas. Ketiga konsep tersebut dilakukan untuk melanggengkan hegemoni kolonial terhadap kaum terjajah. Kecemasan kolonial terhadap negara jajahan mendorong mereka untuk selalu berbagai upaya untuk meyakinkan pengaruh kolonial terhadap negara jajahan. Salah satu bentuk keyakinan tersebut adalah dengan menanamkan wacana kolonial dengan terus-menerus (repetition). Berdasarkan dari hasil analisis pada cerpen mereka bilang, saya monyet, peneliti menemukan bahwa hegemoni wacana kolonial dilakukan dengan cara penanaman identitas terhadap tokoh saya yang dianggap sebagai kelompok minoritas. Di sisi lain, peniruan yang dilakukan oleh tokoh saya merupakan upaya untuk mendapatkan pengakuan sebagai subjek yang memiliki identas. Peniruan tersebut sebagai bentuk hegemoni wacana kolonial pada tokoh saya agar terlihat sama dengan Kepala Anjing yang merepresentasikan kaum penjajah. Pengulangan (repetition) sikap yang ditunjukkan oleh Kepala Anjing pada tokoh saya merupakan bentuk hegemoni untuk meyakinkan tokoh saya.     Key Words: Hegemoni, dominasi, penjajah, terjajah. Abstract Hegemony is the colonial’s effort done to legitimate its domination. By this hegemony, the colonizer is dominant to colonize. In this research, the writer attempts to elaborate about form and model of hegemony of colonial’s discourse in Djenar Mahesa Ayu’s short story “mereka bilang, saya monyet, by using postcolonial theory.  To analyses this short story, the researcher would use the Homi K. Bhabha’s theory about postcolonial, that are stereotype, mimicry, and hybridity. The third concept is conducted to keep colonizer’s hegemony to colonized. The colonizer’s anxiety to colony encourages colonizer to do all effort to convince colonizer’s influence to colony. The colonizer attempts to do more ways by repetition of  colonizer’s discourse.  Based on the results of the analysis on their short story “mereka bilang, saya monyet”, the researcher found that the hegemony of colonial discourse was carried out by means of inculcating the identity of character “saya” who was considered a minority group. On the other hand, the mimicry made by character “saya” is an attempt to get recognition as a subject that has identity. The impersonation was a form of colonial discourse hegemony in character “saya” to make it look the same as the Dog's Head representing the invaders. Repetition of the attitude shown by the Dog Head to character “ saya” is a form of hegemony to convince.  Key Words: Hegemony, domination, colonizer, colonized.


Author(s):  
Wannes Gyselinck

This paper examines the literary strategies with which Philostratusquestions, constructs and affirms a Greek universalising identity in his VitaApollonii. Despite the rapidly changing position of pagan Greeks and the riseof Christianity in the third century A.D., Philostratus constructs in hisfictionalised biography an idealised Greek identity, embodied by the protagonist,Apollonius of Tyana. This idealised identity is confirmed byApollonius' confrontation with "alterity" during his travels around the world:he finds Greece everywhere. A discussion of the issue of "Greekness" in theSecond Sophistic is revealing for Philostratus' characterisation of both hisGreek hero and the various forms of "otherness" he encounters. Perhaps themost important "other" for a Greek of the Imperial period was the Romanemperor. His dealing with the "good" emperor Vespasian is presented as aparadigmatic relationship between a Greek philosopher and a Roman emperor.His conflict, on the other hand, with the "evil" Roman emperor Domitian,whom he gloriously overcomes by his miraculous disappearance, demonstratesthe superiority of Philostratus' superhero. This ultimate divinisation of hishero reveals certain tensions between literary fiction and the historical positionof a Greek elite under Roman rule.


1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.


Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.


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