scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR ASSESSING POTATO VARIETIES FOR RESISTANCE TO STRAWBERRY NEMATODE UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 591-600
Author(s):  
Shesteperov ◽  
Griboyedova ◽  
Butenko
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Ditylenchus Destructor ◽  
Susceptibility And Resistance

The tuber nematode Ditylenchus destructor is the causative agent of ditylenchiasis, or dry rot of potatoes, and causes significant damage to the crop both during the growing season and during storage. Methods for evaluating potato varieties for resistance to tuberous nematode in laboratory conditions have been developed to reduce the search term for a source or donor of nematode resistance. Methods for obtaining a suspension of a tuber nematode, methods of inoculation of tubers, a method for assessing potato varieties for susceptibility and resistance to the tuberous nematode Ditylenchus destructor are presented. Infection of tubers is carried out by introducing a suspension of nematodes into the wounds inflicted on the potato tubers. 6 methods were tested. The best infection and reproduction of nematodes occurred when nematodes were introduced into the “lattice”, “holes”, “pyramids”. Depending on the value of the average score of the lesion by ditylenchiasis and reproduction by the tuber nematode, the varieties are divided into 5 groups: highly resistant (average score 0), resistant (0.1–1), moderately resistant (1.1–3), susceptible (3.1–4), highly susceptible (4.1–5).

scholarly journals Oryza glumaepatula, a New Source of Resistance to Meloidogyne graminicola and Histological Characterization of Its Defense Mechanisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (11) ◽  
pp. 1941-1948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa S. Mattos ◽  
Raycenne R. Leite ◽  
Juvenil E. Cares ◽  
Ana Cristina M. M. Gomes ◽  
Antonio W. Moita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Wild Accession ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Root Cortex ◽  
Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Resistant Accession ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Meloidogyne graminicola causes significant damage to rice fields worldwide. Sources of resistance to M. graminicola reported in Oryza sativa are limited. Resistance to this species has been found in other Oryza species such as O. glaberrima and O. longistaminata. This study aimed to evaluate the reaction of four wild species of Oryza from the Embrapa Rice and Bean Germplasm Bank (Goiás, Brazil) to a pool of M. graminicola populations and determine the resistance mechanism in O. glumaepatula. Two genotypes of O. glaberrima, one of O. alta, three of O. glumaepatula, one of O. grandiglumis, one of O. longistaminata, and one of O. sativa (control) were included in the study. The results showed that O. glumaepatula was highly resistant (reproduction factor [RF] < 1). O. glaberrima, O. alta, and O. grandiglumis were considered moderately resistant. O. longistaminata was susceptible, although values of RF remained lower than the control O. sativa ‘BR-IRGA 410’, considered highly susceptible. Histological observations on the interaction of O. glumaepatula and M. graminicola showed reduced penetration of second-stage juveniles (J2s) when this resistant wild accession was compared with O. sativa. An intense hypersensitivity response-like reaction occurred at 2 days after inoculation in the root cortex of the resistant accession. Few J2s established in the central cylinder, and rare collapsed giant cells were observed surrounded by degenerate females. Fluorescence microscopy in O. glumaepatula revealed giant cells and the female body presumably exhibiting accumulation of phenolic compounds. Our study suggests that wild rice accessions, especially from the AA genotype (e.g., O. glumaepatula), are of great interest for use in future breeding programs with Oryza spp.

scholarly journals Resistance to Ditylenchus destructor Infection in Sweet Potato by the Expression of Small Interfering RNAs Targeting unc-15, a Movement-Related Gene

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (11) ◽  
pp. 1458-1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijuan Fan ◽  
Zhaorong Wei ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Peiyong Ma ◽  
Guiling Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Food Security And Nutrition ◽  
Ditylenchus Destructor

Stem nematode (Ditylenchus destructor) is one of most serious diseases that limit the productivity and quality of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), a root crop with worldwide importance for food security and nutrition improvement. Hence, there is a global demand for developing sweet potato varieties that are resistant to the disease. In this study, we have investigated the interference of stem nematode infectivity by the expression of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in transgenic sweet potato that are homologous to the unc-15 gene, which affects the muscle protein paramyosin of the pathogen. The production of double-stranded RNAs and siRNAs in transgenic lines with a single transgene integration event was verified by Northern blot analysis. The expression of unc-15 was reduced dramatically in stem nematodes collected from the inoculated storage roots of transgenic plants, and the infection areas of their storage roots were dramatically smaller than that of wild-type (WT). Compared with the WT, the transgenic plants showed increased yield in the stem nematode-infested field. Our results demonstrate that the expression of siRNAs targeting the unc-15 gene of D. destructor is an effective approach in improving stem nematode resistance in sweet potato, in adjunct with the global integrated pest management programs.

scholarly journals Parasitic nematodes in potatoes of different varieties and their interrelations with some arthropods

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Maria MELNIC ◽  
Olesea GLIGA ◽  
Dumitru ERHAN ◽  
Stefan RUSU ◽  
Elena IORDOSOPOL
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Mole Cricket ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Ditylenchus Destructor

Introduction. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is susceptible to infestation with an associated complex of different species of parasitic and saprophytic nematodes, bacteria, fungi, and arthropods, which diminish the quality of the product. Material and methods. 10 varieties of potatoes were investigated (Agata, Albastriu-mov, Bella rosa, Concorde, Desiree, Irga, Iagodca, Roko, Romano, Sprinter), cultivated on the territory of the Republic of Moldova. The extraction of nematodes and mites was performed using the Baermann funnels, modified by Nesterov.Results. Multiannual researches on the degree of potato infestation have shown that tubers are preferred by various arthropods (Acaridae), Agriothes spp. (Elateridae), Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, (Grillotalpidae) and Sciaridae spp . (Sciaridae), which form different interactions with the parasitic nematodes of tubers (Ditylenchus destructor, D. dipsaci).Conclusions. Solanum tuberosum infested by parasitic nematodes D. destructor in association with saprophytic nematodes and dry rot are colonized by nematophag ous (mites – 80%) and phytophagous arthropods (wireworms – 40%; mole cricket – 50%; flies – 40%). Among the researched arthropods, Rhizoglyphus echinopus were more frequently found, which together with other species actively consume the primary and secondary parasitic nematodes, their mortality constituting up to 90%. In the traumatized by some arthropods potatoes, with the soil, secondary parasitic nematodes, also penetrate, carrying bacterial and fungal infections, subsequently stimulating the total rot of potato tubers.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSES OF FIFTEEN CUCUMBER CULTIVARS TO ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE (Meloidogyne incognita)

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq Mukhtar ◽  
Muhammad Zameer Kayani
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
The World ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Root-knot nematodes have become a grave menace to the lucrative production of cucumber throughout the world. These nematodes are mainly controlled by applying nematicides, but their use is often associated with hazards. Alternatively, the use of nematode resistant cultivars is considered to be innocuous and economically feasible. For their fitness as nematode-suppressive crops, the reduction in growth and yield parameters of these cultivars must be assessed. As there is little documented data about the effects of Meloidogyne incognita on the damage of cucumber, therefore, in the present study, the effects of M. incognita were evaluated on growth and yield parameters of fifteen cucumber cultivars. M. incognita significantly negatively affected the growth and yield parameters of all the cucumber cultivars. Shoot and root lengths and shoot weights of all the cultivars were significantly reduced as a result of nematode infection. Maximum reductions in these parameters were recorded in highly susceptible cultivars followed by susceptible ones, while the reductions were minimal in resistant followed by moderately resistant cultivars. On the contrary, the infection by M. incognita resulted in an increase in root weights of all the cultivars. The increase was found to be the maximum in highly susceptible cultivars followed by susceptible and moderately susceptible cultivars. Likewise, the minimum increase was observed in the resistant cultivars followed by moderately resistant cultivars. Similarly, significant variations in yield parameters among fifteen cucumber cultivars were also recorded as a result of M. incognita infection. In the case of highly susceptible cultivars, the reductions in yield parameters were maximum, whereas the reductions in resistant and moderately resistant cultivars were found to be minimum. As cultivars Long Green, Marketmore, Pioneer-II, Dynasty and Summer Green experienced no significant damage compared to susceptible cucumber cultivars and therefore, they are approved for cultivation in nematode infested soils.

scholarly journals Expression of Nematode Resistance in Plant Introductions of Arachis hypogaea

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Timper ◽  
C. C. Holbrook ◽  
H. Q. Xue
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Abstract The peanut root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria, race 1) is a world-wide pest of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Several moderately resistant genotypes have been identified in the cultivated peanut species. Our objective was to determine the expression of resistance for six of these genotypes. We examined four potential expressions of resistance—(a) fewer second-stage juveniles (J2) penetrate the roots, (b) fewer J2 establish functional feeding sites, (c) slower maturation, and (d) reduced fecundity (eggs per female). Seedlings of the susceptible cultivar Florunner and the resistant genotypes were inoculated with J2 of M. arenaria, and transplanted 3 d later to synchronize nematode development. Penetration was assessed at 3 and 10 d; development at 10 (or 12), 17, 22, and 27 d; and fecundity at 60 d after inoculation. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse or growth chamber. The number of J2 within the roots was similar in resistant and susceptible peanut after 3 d; however, numbers were lower in two of the resistant genotypes than in Florunner after 10 d. A greater percentage of J2 failed to develop in all of the resistant genotypes (72 to 79%) than in Florunner (50%) after 17 d. Of the J2 that did begin to develop, the rate of maturation and fecundity was similar in resistant and susceptible genotypes. A lack of development indicates that the J2 failed to establish a feeding site. Therefore, the primary expression of resistance in the six peanut genotypes appears to be a reduction in the percentage of J2 that establish a functional feeding site. The decline in J2 after infection may be related to the failure to establish a feeding site.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Prunus Rootstocks for Root-lesion Nematode Resistance

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard Alcañiz ◽  
Jorge Pinochet ◽  
Carolina Fernández ◽  
Daniel Esmenjaud ◽  
Antonio Felipe
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Pratylenchus Vulnus ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Fourteen Prunus rootstocks were evaluated against mixtures of several isolates of the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus vulnus Allen and Jensen in three greenhouse experiments. Most of the tested rootstocks are new releases or materials in advanced stages of selection that also have incorporated root-knot nematode resistance. The plums Torinel (Prunusdomestica L.) and Redglow (P. salicina Lindl. P. munsoniana Wight and Hedrick cv. Jewel) showed a moderately resistant response; their final nematode population levels were lower or slightly higher than inoculation levels. Low nematode reproduction also was found in the peach–almond hybrid G N No 22 [P. persica (L.) Batsch P. dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] and the plum Bruce (P. salicina P. angustifolia Marsh.), and although these rootstocks did not perform as well as Torinel and Redglow, they also appear to be poor hosts for P. vulnus.

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