scholarly journals Toxicity of diatomaceous earth on seed weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. and its effect on agro-morphological characters of maize seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1180-1186
Author(s):  
S. Aisvarya ◽  
M. Kalyanasundaram ◽  
M. Kannan ◽  
A. Lakshmanan ◽  
T. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Rice Weevil ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Wide Range

Sitophilus oryzae L. (Curculionidae; Coleoptera) is considered to be a serious internal feeder of stored cereals. The use of insecticides results in the development of resistance among the pests and residues in the produce. Diatomaceous Earth (DE) is from a natural source, environment-friendly, safe to humans and natural enemies. In addition, it is highly effective against a wide range of stored pest species and has no toxic residues on the treated seeds. The promising alternative to synthetic insecticides is the application of DE in storage pest management under physical control. With this background, the present study was aimed to find the efficacy of DE against rice weevil, S. oryzae L. and their effect on the agro-morphological characters of maize (Zea mays L.) seeds. Contact toxicity bioassays were carried out with different concentrations of DE against S. oryzae. The results of the bioassay studies revealed LD50 at the concentration of 1.27 mg/100 gm of maize seeds. Further, 100 per cent mortality was achieved at the dose of 15 mg/100 gm of maize seeds within six days of exposure. The effect of DE on the germination provided a significant increase in germinability of maize seeds (LD50= 94%, LD95= 98% and control= 96%). DE at the concentration of LD95 had a beneficial effect on the seedling parameters, especially germination% (98%) and seedling length (53.02 cm) of maize. The present study concluded that DE could be effectively utilised as an alternative management tool to chemical insecticides in the management of rice weevil under storage conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Greek Diatomaceous Earth for Stored Product Insect Control and Techniques That Maximize Its Insecticidal Efficacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6441
Author(s):  
Georgia V. Baliota ◽  
Christos G. Athanassiou
Keyword(s):  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Insect Control ◽  
Stored Products ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Insecticidal Efficacy ◽  
Confused Flour Beetle ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

Laboratory bioassays were conducted to evaluate the insecticidal efficacy of a diatomaceous earth deposit from Greece, for a wide range of stored product insects. In this context, populations of five different insect species, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin DuVal, the confused flour beetle; Sitophilus oryzae (L.), the rice weevil; Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), the lesser grain borer; Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), the sawtoothed grain beetle; Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), the rusty grain beetle, which cover a major spectrum of insects species of stored products worldwide, were used in the bioassays. The different treatment of diatomaceous earth (DE) rocks (grinding, diatomaceous enrichment, powder granulometry) led to the creation of five types of formulations (namely DE1, DE2, DE3, DE5 and DE6) that exhibited significant fluctuations in their insecticidal efficacy when applied on wheat. In general, some of the modified formulations were found to be very effective against species such as R. dominica and T. confusum that may be difficult to control at the current labeled doses of commercial DE formulations. Overall, our data clearly indicate that this specific Greek deposit has considerable insecticidal properties, which can be further utilized in designing commercial formulations for insect control at the postharvest stages of durable agricultural commodities, provided that the deposit will be modified at specific enrichment and granulometry levels.

scholarly journals Immediate and Delayed Mortality of Four Stored-Product Pests on Concrete Surfaces Treated with Chlorantraniliprole

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1088
Author(s):  
Nickolas G. Kavallieratos ◽  
Maria C. Boukouvala ◽  
Erifili P. Nika ◽  
Nikoleta Eleftheriadou ◽  
Dimitrios N. Avtzis
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Beneficial Arthropods ◽  
Acarus Siro ◽  
Stored Product Pests ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Delayed Mortality

Chlorantraniliprole is an effective pesticide against a plethora of pests, but its efficacy against stored-product pests is very poorly explored. In this study we treated concrete surfaces with four different doses of chlorantraniliprole (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mg a.i./cm2) against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) adults and larvae, the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) adults, the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) adults, and the flour mite, Acarus siro L. (Sarcoptiformes: Acaridae) adults and nymphs, to examine the immediate mortalities after 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days of exposure. Additionally, the delayed mortality of the individuals that survived the 5-day exposure was also evaluated after a further 7 days on untreated concrete surfaces. We documented high mortality rates for all tested species and their developmental stages. After 5 days of exposure to 0.5 mg a.i./cm2, T. castaneum larvae and A. siro adults exhibited the highest immediate mortality levels, reaching 96.7% and 92.2%, respectively. Delayed mortality was also very high for all tested species and their developmental stages. Nymphs of A. siro displayed a 96.3% delayed mortality followed by the adults of R. dominica (98.6%) after exposure to 0.5 mg a.i./cm2. All other tested species and their developmental stages reached complete (100.0%) delayed mortality, where even 0.01 mg a.i./cm2 caused ≥86.6% delayed mortality in all species and their developmental stages. Taking into consideration the effectiveness of chlorantraniliprole on this wide range of noxious arthropods, coupled with its low toxicity towards beneficial arthropods and mammals, this pesticide could provide an effective management tool for stored-product pests in storage facilities.

The demography of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), submodels of age-specific survivorship and fecundity

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Longstaff ◽  
D. E. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Continuous Functions ◽  
Rice Weevil ◽  
Potential Usefulness ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Grain Temperature

AbstractExperiments are described in which age-specific survivorship and fecundity of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) were determined over a wide range of environmental conditions (15·0-32·3°C and 11–14 % grain moisture content). The data derived from these experiments, together with some previously published data, were used to develop mathematical submodels for these processes. The models are continuous functions of time, grain moisture content and grain temperature. Rates of increase per week and per generation were calculated for the range of environmental conditions used. The results are discussed in relation to previously published work, and the potential usefulness of the submodels is discussed briefly.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the insecticidal efficacy of the diatomaceous earth formulation SilicoSec® against adults of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos G. Athanassiou ◽  
Nickolas G. Kavallieratos ◽  
Constantin B. Dimizas ◽  
Basileios J. Vayias ◽  
Željko Tomanović
Keyword(s):  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Rice Weevil ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Insecticidal Efficacy

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Bioactivity of the Essential Oils Derived from Artemisia Annua Against the Red Flour Beetle

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-476
Author(s):  
Mamata Deb ◽  
Dolly Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Lethal Doses

Tribolium casteneum is the most resistant stored grains pest causing more than 40% grains loss per year. Replacement of the conventional fumigants with an eco-friendly alternative seemed an intelligent move to control the pest which has inclined global research towards the efficacy of pesticidal plants. In the race of finding a better insecticidal candidate, we focused on to the chemical composition of the essential oils (EO) derived with polar and non-polar solvents from Artemisia annua and their possible bioactivity against the pest species. GC-MS analyses of Chloroform and n-Hexane derived EOs showed the dominance of Oxygenated Sesquiterpene in the extract. Adults were found more vulnerable to n-Hexane EO (LD50= 0.71 mg adultˉ1) than to chloroform derived EO (LD50= 0.97 mg adultˉ1) in contact toxicity assays. In the fumigant bioassay both the adults and larvae were found susceptible towards n-Hexane EO with LD50 0.66 & 0.53 mg L airˉ1 respectively. Evaluation of the biomolecular profile of adults and larvae at their lethal doses to understand the molecular mechanism underlying oxidative stress has shown significant downfall (p˂0.01) in the activities of protein, AChE, GST, GSH whereas up regulation of LPO was distinctly marked. The basic knowledge of employing potential solvent in eluting EOs of A. annua would prove to be an efficient environmental friendly management tool against T. casteneum.

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