Toxicity of some bioactive medicinal plant extracts to Asian army worm, Spodoptera litura

Comparative toxicity of Andrographis paniculata (leaves), Anethum graveolens (leaves), Azadirachta indica (fruits), Cassia fistula (seeds), Cuscuta reflexa (stem), Dendropthoe falcata (leaves), Lantana camara (leaves and fruits), Melia azedarach (leaves) and Vitex negundo ( stem) plant extracts against 2nd days (first instar) and 6th days(third instar) old larvae of Spodoptera litura was studied at 5 and 10mg/ml concentration. D. falcata leaves (98.58%) and A. indica fruits= C. reflexa (85.72%) were most effective in reducing weight gain in 2nd days old larvae at 5mg/ml and at 10mg/ml, C. reflexa (98.58) followed by C. fistula seeds and L.camara fruits(both 92.86%) were effective in retarding growth. L.camara fruit extract (99.43 and 99.93%) showed greater toxicity and reduced growth as compared to A. graveolens leaves (76.16% ) at 5mg/ml. At 10mg/ml L.camara (99.94%) and A. paniculata (89.54%) leaves exhibited reduction in weight gain over control against 6d old larvae. All the medicinal plants showed varying degree of toxicity. D.falcata, A.indica and L.camara exhibited high larval mortality as compared to the other plant extracts.

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Effect of Medicinal Plant Extracts on Growth and Development of Tobacco Caterpillar,Spodoptera litura(Fabricius)

International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Biotechnology ◽

10.5958/2230-732x.2016.00056.5 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 435

Author(s):

Deepika chauhan ◽

Vijay kumar mishra

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Spodoptera Litura ◽

Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽

Tobacco Caterpillar

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Determination of Sun Protective Factor of Selected Medicinal Plants from Western Nepal

Journal of Nepal Chemical Society ◽

10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30487 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 51-55

Author(s):

Suman Prakash Pradhan ◽

Kapil Adhikari ◽

Saroj Nepal ◽

Bishnu Prasad Pandey

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Absolute Methanol ◽

Melia Azedarach ◽

Asparagus Racemosus ◽

Protective Agent ◽

Protection Factor ◽

Medicinal Plant Extracts

Plant extracts contain active ingredients that can absorb, reflect or scatter the sunlight, depending on their nature. The effectiveness of plant extracts as a skin protective agent can be determined by measuring the sun protection factor (SPF). The main aim of this study was to investigate the potential of selected medicinal plant extracts as a component in sunscreen production in modern cosmetics. The absolute methanol extract of six medicinal plants namely; Asparagus racemosus, Bergenia pacumbis, Melia azedarach, Murraya koenigii, Pleurospermum benthamii, and Thymus linearis were examined in-vitro for their sun protective ability by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry method with the application of Mansur equation. Our results revealed that most of the plant extracts possess prodigious SPF values as compared with commercial sunscreen. The greatest SPF value was found in P. benthamii (34.97±0.25), T. linearis (24.98±0.60), and B. pacumbis (24.02±0.15). These results show that these plant extracts can act as a very good antisolar agent.

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Larvicidal Impact of Some Local Medicinal Plant Extracts Against Aedes Aegypti (L.)

Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh Science ◽

10.3329/jasbs.v44i1.46546 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 61-67

Author(s):

MG Sharower ◽

MA Latif

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Fourth Instar ◽

Acetone Extract ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽

Larvicidal Activities

The larvicidal potential of different solvent (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol) crude leaf extracts of five plants (Blepharis maderaspatensis, Elaeagnus indica, Maesa indica, Phyllanthus wightianus and Memecylon edule) were tested against the fourth-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. All the tested extracts showed moderate to good larvicidal activities. However, the maximum larval mortality was detected in acetone extract of E. indica (LC50 90.89, LC90 217.21 and LC99 441.88 ppm) followed by M. indica acetone extract (LC50 173.21, LC90 289.86 and LC99 441.04 ppm). The results revealed that larvicidal properties of the four selected plants and encourages further investigation for the bioactive compounds that might possess good larvicidal properties in pure form. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 44(1): 61-67, June 2018

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Inhibitory Effects of Tropical Medicinal Plant Extracts on Urea Hydrolysis and Nitrification in Soil: A Preliminary Study

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.50.5.744 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (5) ◽

pp. 744-749

Author(s):

Muqiu Zhao ◽

Huaibao Zhao ◽

Qianjin Du ◽

Yunfeng Shi

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Total Solid ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Melia Azedarach ◽

Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Plant Materials ◽

N Transformation ◽

Medicinal Plant Extracts

Hydrolysis and nitrification are the key steps of biological transformation of urea in soils, which control the loss of nitrogen (N) in terrestrial ecosystem. The inhibitory effects of plant materials on N transformation provide potential benefits for agricultural production and environmental protection. In this study, water-soluble and ethanol-soluble compounds were extracted from 24 tropical medicinal plant species in Hainan Island, southern China, with the aim of measuring their effects on urease activity (UA), nitrification potential (NP), and ammonium oxidizer number in a paddy soil, by a series of short (5 hours) and long-term (14 days) incubation experiments. Total solid yields and phenols contents of 48 medicinal plant extracts were also analyzed in this study. There were big differences in total solid yield and phenols content among the extracts of the selected tropical medicinal plant extracts. The phenols content of the plant extracts varied from 15.1 to 273.4 mg GAE/g extract (milligrams of gallic acid equivalents per gram of extract). A significant relationship between UA and NP of the soil treated with plant extracts and their phenols content was found, indicating that phenolic compounds are the major contributors to the inhibitory properties of these plants. Further studies indicated that the water extracts of Epimeredi indica aerial and Melia azedarach leaf, containing a high content of phenols, exhibited notable urease and nitrification inhibitory effects and reduced the number of soil ammonia–oxidizing bacteria, being promising sources of natural inhibitors for soil N transformation.

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