tumour cell
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2022 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Karen YR. Nakagaki ◽  
Maíra M. Nunes ◽  
Ana Paula V Garcia ◽  
Fernanda C. Nunes ◽  
Fernando Schmitt ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Ifor D. Bowen ◽  
Farhana Amin

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6219
Author(s):  
Joanna Kałafut ◽  
Arkadiusz Czerwonka ◽  
Alinda Anameriç ◽  
Alicja Przybyszewska-Podstawka ◽  
Julia O. Misiorek ◽  
...  

Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is often aggressive, with poor response to current therapies in approximately 40–50% of the patients. Current therapies are restricted to operation and irradiation, often combined with a small number of standard-of-care chemotherapeutic drugs, preferentially for advanced tumour patients. Only very recently, newer targeted therapies have entered the clinics, including Cetuximab, which targets the EGF receptor (EGFR), and several immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the immune receptor PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1. HNSCC tumour tissues are characterized by a high degree of intra-tumour heterogeneity (ITH), and non-genetic alterations that may affect both non-transformed cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and transformed carcinoma cells. This very high degree of heterogeneity likely contributes to acquired drug resistance, tumour dormancy, relapse, and distant or lymph node metastasis. ITH, in turn, is likely promoted by pronounced tumour cell plasticity, which manifests in highly dynamic and reversible phenomena such as of partial or hybrid forms of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and enhanced tumour stemness. Stemness and tumour cell plasticity are strongly promoted by Notch signalling, which remains poorly understood especially in HNSCC. Here, we aim to elucidate how Notch signal may act both as a tumour suppressor and proto-oncogenic, probably during different stages of tumour cell initiation and progression. Notch signalling also interacts with numerous other signalling pathways, that may also have a decisive impact on tumour cell plasticity, acquired radio/chemoresistance, and metastatic progression of HNSCC. We outline the current stage of research related to Notch signalling, and how this pathway may be intricately interconnected with other, druggable targets and signalling mechanisms in HNSCC.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Dalong Wei ◽  
Xiaoling Lan ◽  
Zhiqun Huang ◽  
Qiang Tang ◽  
Zechen Wang ◽  
...  

Sarcoma is a rare and an extremely aggressive form of cancer that originates from mesenchymal cells. Pyroptosis exerts a dual effect on tumours by inhibiting tumour cell proliferation while creating a microenvironment suitable for tumour cell development and proliferation. However, the significance of pyroptosis-related gene (PRG) expression in sarcoma has not yet been evaluated. Here, we conduct a retrospective analysis to examine PRG expression in 256 sarcoma samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. We identified the PRGs that had a significant correlation with overall patient survival in sarcoma by performing a univariate Cox regression analysis. Subsequently, we conducted a LASSO regression analysis and created a risk model for a six-PRG signature. As indicated from the Kaplan–Meier analysis, this signature revealed a significant difference between high- and low-risk sarcoma patients. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis confirmed that this signature could predict overall patient survival in sarcoma patients with high sensitivity and specificity. Gene ontology annotation and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses revealed that five independent PRGs were closely associated with increased immune activity. Moreover, we also deciphered that increased number of immune cells infiltrated the tumour microenvironment in sarcoma. In brief, the PRG signature can effectively act as novel prognostic biomarker for sarcoma patients and is associated with the tumour immune microenvironment.


Author(s):  
S. Prosén ◽  
E. Tina ◽  
A.H. Sneckenborg ◽  
C. Loinder ◽  
O. Seifert ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Gang Zhang ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Chun-Jie Xu ◽  
Guang-Ang Tian ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
...  

Abstract Lymph nodes (LNs) are a common site of metastasis in many solid cancers. Tumour cells can migrate to LNs for further metastatic colonization of distant organs, indicating poor prognosis and requiring different clinical interventions. The current histopathological diagnostic methods used for the detection of clinical lymph node metastasis (LNM) still have some limitations, such as incomplete observation. To obtain a complete picture of tumour-metastasized LNs at spatial and temporal scales, we used 3D imaging of solvent-cleared organs (uDISCO) and 3D rapid immunostaining. MC38 cells tagged with EGFP were injected into the left footpad of C57BL/6 mice. Draining lymph nodes (DLNs) obtained from these mice were cleared using uDISCO. Metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in various regions of DLNs from mice at different time points were quantified using whole-mount tissue 3D imaging. The results revealed several stages of tumour cell growth and distribution in LNs: 1) invasion of lymphatic vessels (LVs) and blood vessels (BVs); 2) dispersion outside LVs and BVs for proliferation and expansion; and 3) re-entry into BVs and efferent lymphatic vessels (ELVs) for further distant metastasis. Moreover, these data demonstrated that mouse fibroblast cells (MFCs) could not only promote the LNM of tumour cells but could also metastasize to LNs together with tumour cells, thus providing a “soil” for tumour cell colonization. In conclusion, whole-mount tissue 3D imaging and spatiotemporal analysis of LNM may together constitute an auxiliary method to improve the accuracy of clinical LNM detection in the future.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Coral Fustero-Torre ◽  
María José Jiménez-Santos ◽  
Santiago García-Martín ◽  
Carlos Carretero-Puche ◽  
Luis García-Jimeno ◽  
...  

AbstractWe present Beyondcell, a computational methodology for identifying tumour cell subpopulations with distinct drug responses in single-cell RNA-seq data and proposing cancer-specific treatments. Our method calculates an enrichment score in a collection of drug signatures, delineating therapeutic clusters (TCs) within cellular populations. Additionally, Beyondcell determines the therapeutic differences among cell populations and generates a prioritised sensitivity-based ranking in order to guide drug selection. We performed Beyondcell analysis in five single-cell datasets and demonstrated that TCs can be exploited to target malignant cells both in cancer cell lines and tumour patients. Beyondcell is available at: https://gitlab.com/bu_cnio/beyondcell.


Author(s):  
Elena Fernández-Delgado ◽  
Samuel Estirado ◽  
Javier Espino ◽  
Emilio Viñuelas-Zahínos ◽  
Francisco Luna-Giles ◽  
...  

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