scholarly journals A framework for refining soil microbial indices as bioindicators during decomposition of various organic residues in a sandy loam soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 700-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Sharma ◽  
Jatinder Kaur ◽  
H. S. Thind ◽  
Yadvinder Singh ◽  
Neha Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Microbial Indices ◽  
Amended Soil

Assessment of soil quality is an invaluable tool in determining the sustainability and environmental impact of agricultural ecosystems. Soil microbial indices like microbial biomass and microbial activity are important criteria for the determination of soil quality. Laboratory incubation study was undertaken to examine the influence of eight crop residues widely varying in biochemical composition on the periodic changes in important soil microbial indices {(microbial (Cmic: Corg), metabolic (qCO2), carbon mineralization (qC) and microbial biomass change rate (qM) quotients)} at 28 days and 63 days after incubation (DAI) in a sandy loam soil. A. sativa amended soil showed maximum soil respiration rate (14.23 mg CO2-C g-1 soil day-1) whereas T. aestivum amended soil showed maximum microbial biomass C (790 µg/g). The metabolic quotient among different crop residues ranged from 11.1 to 19.8 μg CO2-C μg-biomass-C-1 h-1 at 63 DAI. The results indicate that incorporation of different crop residues has positive effect on microbial flora and their activity. Microbial quotient (Cmic:Corg) was significantly positively correlated with microbial biomass carbon (MBC), qC and qM. The study suggests that the biochemical composition of different crop residues seems to be of better option for long term sustainable crop production with maintenance of soil quality in a sandy loam soil.

scholarly journals Soil Quality Factors Affecting Garlic Production

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 445D-445
Author(s):  
Carl J. Rosen ◽  
David E. Birong
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Biomass N ◽  
Loam Soil

Recent demand for high-quality garlic (Allium sativum L.) has prompted an interest in growing garlic as an alternative crop in the Upper Midwest. The overall objective of this study was to determine the effects of various amendments on garlic growth and selected soil quality indices in two contrasting soils. Garlic (Rocambole type) was planted in the fall of 1995 on a Kandota sandy loam (5% organic matter) and a Spartan loamy sand (1.5% organic matter). Three treatments replicated three times were tested: 1) a nonamended control, 2) manure compost, and 3) fertilizer application based on a soil test. Scapes were removed on half the plants in each plot and allowed to grow until harvest on the other half. Soil microbial biomass nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) were determined before planting and about 4 weeks after emergence. Within each site, the effect of soil amendments on garlic yield depended on scape removal. Garlic yield in nonamended soil was lowest when scapes were not removed. The effect of scape removal tended to diminish when compost or fertilizer was applied. Overall yields were 35% higher in the sandy loam soil compared to the loamy sand soil. Drought stress occurred during bulbing at both locations. Higher yields in the sandy loam soil were likely due to its higher water-holding capacity. Soil amendments did not consistently affect microbial biomass N and C; however, the sandy loam soil had 2 to 6 times higher biomass N and 3 to 4 times higher biomass C than the loamy sand soil and reflected the higher organic matter content of the sandy loam.

Emissions of nitrous oxide and nitric oxide associated with the decomposition of arable crop residues on a sandy loam soil in Eastern England

Agronomie ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Harrison ◽  
Sharon Ellis ◽  
Roy Cross ◽  
James Harrison Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Arable Crop ◽  
Loam Soil

scholarly journals Changes in soil microbial respiration and physicochemical properties following bonny light crude oil contamination of sandy loam soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
C.N. Eze ◽  
P.I. Orjiakor ◽  
U.J. Ebeifenadi
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
Light Crude Oil ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Crude Oil Contamination ◽  
Loam Soil

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of Bonny light crude oil contamination of sandy loam soil on aspects of microbial metabolism and physicochemical properties of the soil. Bonny light crude oil (specific gravity = 0.81) was used at eight different levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 10.0%, 15.0% or 20.0% v/w of soil) for the controlled pollution of pristine soil samples, each weighing 1 kg. The experiment lasted for eightweeks. Results of the effects of crude oil on the physicochemical properties of the soil showed that high levels of the oil significantly (p< 0.05) increased soil organic matter but had no significant effect on the pH and moisture content. With the exception of organic carbon, the levels of bioavailable nitrogen, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur and phosphorus in the test samples with higher levels of crude oil (5.0%, 10.0%, 15.0% and 20.0%) were significantly reduced when compared to their levels in the controls. Similarly, higher levels of the oil significantly (p<0.05) reduced soil microbial phospholipid synthesis and CO emission. 2 Correlation analysis using the Pearson's correlation model showed a positive correlation between soil CO and 2 phospholipid (r = 0.74). Keywords: Contamination, Crude oil, Microbial respiration, Physicochemical properties.

Effect of silver nano-particles on soil microbial growth, activity and community diversity in a sandy loam soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 220 ◽  
pp. 504-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. Samarajeewa ◽  
J.R. Velicogna ◽  
J.I. Princz ◽  
R.M. Subasinghe ◽  
R.P. Scroggins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Growth Activity ◽  
Loam Soil

scholarly journals Continuous Rice Cropping System with Integrated Use of Inorganic and Organic Sources of Nutrients for Soil Quality Improvement

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
P. Majhi ◽  
F. H. Rahman ◽  
R. Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

Maintenance of soil quality is considered to be the key to attain sustainability in agricultural production and thus to achieve food security. In this study we tried to answer a research question as to whether integrated application of inorganic and organic sources of nutrients can maintain productivity and soil quality in rice-rice cropping system. To address this, total 27 physical, chemical (including organic C and soil fertility parameters) and biological (including enzyme activities) properties of an acidic sandy loam soil, which were subjected to different nutrient management (NM) practices for nine years of rice-rice cropping under submergence in subtropical India were critically assessed. Seven NM practices comprised of organic [farmyard manure (FYM)], inorganic fertilizers (sources of N, P, K, S, Zn, and B) and some of their combinations were tested using randomized complete block design with four replications. Integrated use of inorganic fertilizers (NPK) and organic manure (FYM) sustained productivity of rice-rice cropping system and aggraded soil quality as compared to only inorganic fertilizers even with inclusion of S, Zn and B. The NPK+FYM was superior among the NM practices to improve physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. Cation exchange capacity, non-exchangeable K and microbial biomass C were screened as the most sensitive attributes for assessing soil quality. Although the present study demonstrated the positive influence of integrated NM, application of even 80-17.5-50 kg N-P-K along with 5 Mg FYM ha-1 in each rice season failed to maintain total K content in soil. This suggested for readjustment of dose of inorganic fertilizers and organic manure and their application schedule for adequate replenishment of K in acidic sandy loam soil under rice-rice cropping in subtropical climate.

Carbon availability limits the denitrification potential of sandy loam soil from corn agroecosystems with long-term tillage and residue management

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanne Ejack ◽  
Joann K. Whalen ◽  
Chandra A. Madramootoo
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Carbon Availability ◽  
Denitrification Potential ◽  
Soluble Organic Carbon ◽  
Loam Soil

Conservation tillage and crop residues should increase the soluble organic carbon and nitrate concentration in agricultural soil, which increases the denitrification potential. Basal denitrification (72 h laboratory incubation) was 2.1–2.7 times higher in a sandy loam soil under 15 yr of conservation tillage than conventional tillage and 1.8–2.0 times higher with high-residue (additional input 8.6–9.4 Mg dry matter·ha−1·yr−1) than low-residue inputs. Adding glucose and nitrate increased the soil denitrification potential 3- to 14-fold. Denitrification was limited by carbon availability, even in soil with 15 yr of conservation tillage and high-residue inputs.

Soil microbiological properties during decomposition of crop residues under conventional and zero tillage

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Z. Lupwayi ◽  
G. W. Clayton ◽  
J. T. O’Donovan ◽  
K. N. Harker ◽  
T. K. Turkington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Microbial Functional Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial

Field experiments were conducted to correlate decomposition of red clover (Trifolium pratense) green manure (GM), field pea (Pisum sativum), canola (Brassica rapa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) residues, and soil organic C (SOC), under zero tillage and conventional tillage, with soil microbial biomass C (MBC), bacterial functional diversity and microbial activity (CO2 evolution). A greenhouse experiment was also conducted to relate crop residue quality to soil microbial characteristics. Zero tillage increas ed MBC only in the 0- to 5-cm soil layer. Soil MBC decreased more with soil depth than either microbial diversity or total SOC. Legume GM residues induced greater initial CO2 evolution than the other residues. This means that results that do not include the initial flush of microbial activity, e.g., by sampling only in the season(s) following residue placement, probably underestimate gas evolution from legume crop residues. Residue N, P and K contents were positively correlated with microbial functional diversity and activity, which were positively correlated with crop residue decomposition. Therefore, microbial functional diversity and activity were good indicators of microbial decomposition processes. Residue C/N and C/P ratios (i.e., high C content) were positively correlated with MBC, which was positively correlated with SOC. Therefore, soil MBC was a good indicator of soil quality (soil organic matter content). Key words: Biological soil quality, crop residues, crop rotation, microbial activity, microbial biomass, microbial diversity

Degradation of Fluometuron in Sandy Loam Soil

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 691-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Bozarth ◽  
H. H. Funderburk
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Microbial Metabolism ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Trifluoromethyl Group ◽  
Aniline Derivative ◽  
Significant Recovery ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Amended Soil

Degradation of 1,1-dimethyl-3-(a,a,a-trifluoro-m-tolyl) urea (fluometuron) in a sandy loam soil was investigated in time-course and 14CO2 evolution studies. Degradation occurred only in nonautoclaved samples and was more rapid in glucose-amended soil, indicating that it is a function of microbial metabolism. Time-course studies showed that the pathway of degradation of fluometuron in soil is similar to that previously reported for other substituted ureas, involving a two-step demethylation, probably followed by hydrolysis of the urea linkage to form the aniline derivative. Further evidence for degradation was a small but significant recovery of 14CO2 from soil treated with fluometuron labeled in the trifluoromethyl group.

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