A Further Consideration of the Effects of Evaluation on Motivation

1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farideh Salili ◽  
Martin L. Maehr ◽  
Richard L. Sorensen ◽  
Leslie J. Fyans
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Causal Attribution ◽  
Anagram Task ◽  
Continuing Motivation ◽  
The U.S

Investigation was made of the effects of three evaluation conditions (teacher, self, peer-comparison) on anagram task performance and continuing motivation (CM) among Iranian grade five students. While evaluation condition appeared to make little difference in the case of performance, its effect on CM was significant—results which are remarkably similar to those obtained with U.S. samples. In addition, the role of general achieving orientations and causal attributions was considered. The relationships of achievement motivation and causal attribution were roughly parallel to those found in the U.S. Neither achievement motivation nor causal attribution appeared to moderate the subjects’ response to evaluation. However, there was some evidence that when the subjects attributed their achievement to themselves they were more likely to exhibit CM.

Sport and personality

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (S7) ◽  
pp. 55-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Causal Attribution ◽  
Mental Rehearsal ◽  
Sporting Performance

SummaryIn a wide-ranging survey, ways are examined in which human personalities can be categorized and the relevance of these categories to sporting performance is examined. The profiles produced by studies of the Eysenck and Cattell type, the significance of the ‘trait’ and the ‘interactional’ approaches and the correlation of personalities with physical performance are considered. The importance of such factors as achievement motivation, causal attribution, selfefficacy, mental rehearsal and concentration is examined. Consideration is given to the role of sport in the fulfilment of the personality.

scholarly journals Causal Attributions, Real Life-Events and Personality Characteristics: A Preliminary Study

1986 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 795-801
Author(s):  
Robbert Sanderman
Keyword(s):  
Learned Helplessness ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Causal Attribution ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Helplessness Model

The learned-helplessness model has been given much attention recently. In this article some issues are briefly reviewed, the main purpose of this study was, however, to determine the relationship between causal attributions and personality characteristics, symptoms and feelings of well-being. Although causal attribution style is considered a trait-like concept, this can not be substantiated by the results of the current study. It is concluded that a refinement of the learned-helplessness model and its assessment methods is necessary to test the role of causal attributions in psychological functioning more adequately.

The Role of Causal Attributions in Sport Consumers' Emotions and Satisfaction Judgment

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 803-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Woo Kim ◽  
Seung Hoon Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Causal Attribution ◽  
External Control ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Significant Negative Effect ◽  
Negative Effect

We examined the role of causal attributions of sport consumers in the formation of emotions and satisfaction judgment. Participants were 165 students at a large university in the southeastern United States. Through a series of hierarchical regression analyses, their attribution processes were found to be an important antecedent of their consumption emotions. Specifically, internal causes that related to the game outcome (e.g., internal control and stability) had a significant positive impact on their feelings of pride and a significant negative effect on their shame, whereas external control had a significant positive impact on their anger and a significant negative effect on their feelings of gratitude. Thus, both internal control and stability appeared to be the most influential causal attribution dimensions in predicting consumer satisfaction with the outcome of a game. From a practical perspective, marketing campaigns emphasizing a sporting team's season-long stability may enhance sport consumers' satisfaction.

Combined Effects of Normative Information and Task Difficulty on the Goal Commitment-Performance Relationship

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Ann Martin ◽  
Donald J. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Goal Commitment ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Anagram Task ◽  
Goal Condition ◽  
Student Volunteers ◽  
Interaction Task ◽  
And Task

The role of normative information, task difficulty and goal commitment on task performance in an assigned goal condition was investigated in a laboratory study using 209 student volunteers. The experiment was a 2 (task difficulty) by 2 (normative information) factorial design. All subjects received assigned difficult goals and normative information indicating how previous individuals had performed on one of two versions of an anagram task (easy or difficult) after which subjects indicated their goal commitment and completed anagrams for a short work period. Results indicated a significant 3-way interaction (task difficulty, normative information and goal commitment) on task performance. Findings suggest that goal commitment moderates the effects of normative information and task difficulty on task performance.

Causal Reasoning for Group Task Performance

1986 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy A. Zimmerman ◽  
Ronald E. Riggio
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Causal Reasoning ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Case Description ◽  
Project Outcome ◽  
Attributional Biases

Individuals differing in achievement motivation read a case description of a group sales project while assuming the role of the project's manager. Subjects read one of four versions of the case in which the project outcome and the manager's reliance upon the contributions of coworkers were varied. Subjects then evaluated the extent to which the supervisor's effort, ability, luck, task difficulty, and co-workers contributed to the project outcome. Self-serving attributional biases were not fully evidenced. Differences among achievement groups emerged only on ascriptions to coworkers and only when considering the project outcome and the manager's reliance upon subordinates.

A Latent State-Trait Analysis of Current Achievement Motivation Across Different Tasks of Cognitive Ability

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 318-327
Author(s):  
Philipp Alexander Freund ◽  
Vanessa Katharina Jaensch ◽  
Franzis Preckel
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Fear Of Failure ◽  
Specific Task ◽  
Test Taker ◽  
Specific Interest ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
Ability Tests ◽  
Perceived Challenge

Abstract. The current study investigates the behavior of task-specific, current achievement motivation (CAM: interest in the task, probability of success, perceived challenge, and fear of failure) across a variety of reasoning tasks featuring verbal, numerical, and figural content. CAM is conceptualized as a state-like variable, and in order to assess the relative stability of the four CAM variables across different tasks, latent state trait analyses are conducted. The major findings indicate that the degree of challenge a test taker experiences and the fear of failing a given task appear to be relatively stable regardless of the specific task utilized, whereas interest and probability of success are more directly influenced by task-specific characteristics and demands. Furthermore, task performance is related to task-specific interest and probability of success. We discuss the implications and benefits of these results with regard to the use of cognitive ability tests in general. Importantly, taking motivational differences between test takers into account appears to offer valuable information which helps to explain differences in task performance.

Response Interference as a Mechanism Underlying Implicit Measures

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertram Gawronski ◽  
Roland Deutsch ◽  
Etienne P. LeBel ◽  
Kurt R. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Response Interference ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Stimulus Features ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Over the last decade, implicit measures of mental associations (e.g., Implicit Association Test, sequential priming) have become increasingly popular in many areas of psychological research. Even though successful applications provide preliminary support for the validity of these measures, their underlying mechanisms are still controversial. The present article addresses the role of a particular mechanism that is hypothesized to mediate the influence of activated associations on task performance in many implicit measures: response interference (RI). Based on a review of relevant evidence, we argue that RI effects in implicit measures depend on participants’ attention to association-relevant stimulus features, which in turn can influence the reliability and the construct validity of these measures. Drawing on a moderated-mediation model (MMM) of task performance in RI paradigms, we provide several suggestions on how to address these problems in research using implicit measures.

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