Improvement of Calibrated Steel Quality by Surface Deformation. Part 2: Effect of the Enveloping Surface Deformation on the Residual Stresses in Cylindrical Rods

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 296-301
Author(s):  
S. A. Zaides ◽  
Pham Van Anh ◽  
L. G. Klimova
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Steel Quality ◽  
Enveloping Surface

scholarly journals Quality improvement of calibrated steelby surface deformation. Part 2. Effect of enveloping surface deformation on residual stresses in cylindrical bars

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-336
Author(s):  
S. A. Zaides ◽  
Van Anh Pham ◽  
L. G. Klimova
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Surface Plastic Deformation ◽  
Surface Plastic ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Tensile Stresses ◽  
Enveloping Surface

Cold-drawn metal has a number of undeniable advantages over the hot-rolled one. Increased hardness, high surface quality, stability of the diametrical dimension along the length of the workpiece are the basis for choosing calibrated metal as effective workpieces for the manufacture of long parts such as shafts, axles, and rods. In some cases, such workpieces require a small amount of machining, for example, threading or making necks at the ends of a bar. The wider use of the calibrated metal is hindered by residual stresses that are formed during its manufacture. In the first part of this article, it was proposed to use small plastic deformations to control residual stresses. By the example of a new process of surface plastic deformation, which is called orbital burnishing, the working and residual stresses in cylindrical workpieces are determined. In the second part of the article, the process of enveloping surface plastic deformation is considered, which, at high productivity, makes it possible to reduce the residual tensile stresses in the calibrated metal or form the surface layers of the workpiece compressive stress. A technique for the experimental determination of residual stresses in the volume of a body is based on layer-by-layer removal of the inner and outer layers of cylindrical samples. Influence of the main parameters of the enveloping deformation process on the components of the residual stress tensor is established. A range of relative compressions (0.1 – 1.0 %) is revealed, at which residual compressive stresses are formed in the surface layers of the workpiece. It was found that at a relative compression of 0.5 %, the maximum residual compression stresses are created. Enveloping surface deformation has a positive effect on the residual stress state and on colddrawn metal – the residual tensile stresses can be reduced, removed or converted into compressive ones.

Residual Stress in Bone: A Parametric Study

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hizal ◽  
B. Sadasivam ◽  
D. Arola
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Air Jet ◽  
Particle Size And Shape

A preliminary study was conducted to evaluate the parametric dependence of the residual stress distributions in bone that result from an abrasive air-jet surface treatment. Specifically, the influence of particle size and shape used in the treatment on the residual stress, propensity of embedding particles and material removal were studied. Rectangular beams of cortical bone were prepared from bovine femurs and treated with aluminum oxide and glass particles with different treatment angles. Residual stresses within the bone were quantified in terms of the radius of curvature of the bone specimens measured before and after the treatments, as well as a function of time to quantify decay in the stress. The sub-surface distribution was also examined using the layer removal technique. Results showed that the particle size and shape could be used to control the amount of material removal and the magnitude of residual stress within the treated surfaces. An increase in size of the glass particles resulted in an increase in the residual stress and a decrease in material removed during the treatment. The magnitude of residual stress ranged from 22 MPa to nearly 44 MPa through modulation of the particle qualities (size and shape). A microscopic examination of the treated surfaces suggests that the residual stresses resulted primarily from near-surface deformation.

Residual Stress Formation at Arbitrary Types of Rollers during the Running in Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 548 ◽  
pp. 372-376
Author(s):  
O.P. Muraviev ◽  
M.R. Sikhimbayev ◽  
B.N. Absadykov ◽  
B.S. Arymbekov ◽  
Y.O. Tkacheva
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Plastic Surface

In the article the results of the design and analysis of mathematical model for determining residual stresses in the surface of layer at parts processed by plastic surface deformation (PSD) in which the rollers having an arbitrary shape and size. It is shown that for the calculation of stresses in the surface of layer it should not be defined by them at a forcing point but by a function of contact stresses. Integral equations are obtained for calculating the stresses in the body parts at the processing of PSD rolls of arbitrary size and shape of the stress distribution over the contact area. We found that the tangential and radial residual stresses depend on the magnitude of the force F and its distance from the point at which the voltage is considered in detail. There is a sharp decrease in the influence of forces on the stress in the surface of the part of the distance to the point in question.The calculated data generated by the proposed method are highly matches with data during the experimental investigations. Maximum deviations of the calculated values do not exceed the errors of the experiments and adequate treatment of each other at a significance level of 0.05.

scholarly journals Quality improvement of calibrated steel by surface deformation. Part 1. Determination of the stressed state of cylinderical parts during orbital surface deformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 802-807
Author(s):  
S. A. Zaides ◽  
. Pham Van Anh
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Deformation Zone ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Surface Plastic Deformation ◽  
Surface Plastic ◽  
Machining Performance ◽  
Cylindrical Parts ◽  
Practice Methods ◽  
Hot Rolled

Cold drawn calibrated steel is an effective blank for the manufacture of low-rigid cylindrical parts such as shafts and axles. High accuracy of the diametric size along the length of the workpiece, low surface roughness, increased hardness and strength of the surface layer compared to hot rolled products allow us to produce a variety of parts with high metal utilization and high machining performance. The main disadvantage of calibrated metal is the residual stresses that occur during pressure treatment. To reduce or change the nature of the distribution over the cross section, it is proposed to use small plastic deformations in the surface layer of the hire. Known in practice methods of surface plastic deformation (PPD) usually lead to the curvature of non-rigid workpieces. To intensify the stress-strain state in the deformation zone, we propose a method of orbital surface deformation. Based on the finite element modeling, influence of the main parameters of orbital surface deformation on stress state in the deformation zone and residual stresses in the finished products is considered. Compared with the traditional PPD process, the stress intensity during orbital surface deformation will increase by 10 – 15 %. The residual compressive stresses that form in the surface layers reach 70 – 85 % of the material tensile strength. In the second part of the article, it is supposed to provide information on a more effective method of surface deformation and on the change in initial residual stresses that are formed during the calibration of cylindrical rods.

Inducing Residual Stress in Bone Using Abrasive Air-Jet Surface Treatment

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alpay Hizal ◽  
Balaji Sadasivam ◽  
Dwayne Arola
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Surface Residual Stress ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Bone Chemistry ◽  
Air Jet

Based on past research, the growth and repair of bone is a function of physical activity (i.e. stresses) and bone chemistry. As such, the rate of recovery of an individual that has undergone total joint arthroplasty could be influenced by the introduction of changes in bone chemistry and “apparent” stress state in the bone that results from the surgical procedures and/or treatments. This preliminary study explored the opportunity for introducing residual stresses in hard tissues using an air-jet surface treatment. Cortical bone was obtained from bovine femurs and treated with an abrasive jet process. The radius of curvature of the bone specimens was estimated before and after treatment and used in estimating the magnitude of surface residual stress. An SEM analysis was also performed to examine structural changes in the bone caused by the surface treatment. Results showed that it is possible to impart residual stress within bone using an air-jet surface treatment. The magnitude of surface residual stress was 16 ± 0.8 MPa. Residual stresses appeared to result from a combination of near-surface deformation and embedded particles.

Taguchi Grey Relational Approach for Optimizing Process Parameters of Laser Peening on Titanium Alloy to Induce Enhanced Compressive Stress based on Finite Element Simulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 365-387
Author(s):  
G. Ranjith Kumar ◽  
G. Rajyalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Compressive Stress ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Laser Spot ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Grey Relational

Laser Shock Peening (LSP) turned out to be the most efficient surface engineering process for advanced materials to induce beneficial deep compressive residual stress which helps in improving mechanical, fatigue properties and surface damage resistance. But, analyzing the nonuniform distribution of residual stresses in the treated sample with X-ray diffraction (XRD) is much time taking and a costly process. This problem can be resolved with LSP finite element numerical simulation model which is feasible with the realistic experimental process. The FE model allows the user to control the laser parameters in order to achieve the optimal level of all controllable parameters. This study is intended to analyze and optimize the influence of laser processing parameters that assists in inducing the residual compressive stress with minimal surface deformation. A Ti6Al4V material model with Johnson–Cook’s visco-elastic–plastic material behavior law is prepared for LSP simulation. Gaussian pressure profile is utilized for uniform loading of the targeted zone for the proposed model. Taguchi Grey Relational Analysis (TGRA) with L27 orthogonal array is applied to LSP simulation, and the results were analyzed with consideration of multiple response measures. It is noted that surface deformation is increased with the rise in a number of laser shots and pressure pulse duration. Maximum compressive residual stresses are falling for higher levels of laser spot diameter, laser spot overlap and laser power density. The correlation is observed between the FE simulation and the published results. The optimal set of process parameters are obtained for improving the LSP on Ti alloys.

scholarly journals Influence of reinforcing plastic surface deformation on surface performance of machine parts

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Z. М. Оdosii ◽  
V. Ya. Shymanskyi ◽  
B. V. Pindra
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Surface Plastic Deformation ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Surface Plastic ◽  
Machine Parts

The performance of the machines part reinforcement using surface plastic deformation shall be considered as formation of the whole complex of surface parameters and quality and their impact on the operational properties of these parts. The main surface quality parameters, affecting the performance of machine parts are geometric (microgeometry, wavelength, roughness, shape of inequalities, the size of the supporting surface, the direction of the traces of processing); physical parameters (structure, degree and slander depth, residual stresses in the surface layer). In the machine building, many methods of superficial plastic deformation are used for part reinforcement; these methods essentially differ in the scheme of impact of the surface deforming part to be treated. After analyzing the results obtained by scientists, involved in research on surface plastic deformation of surface layers and surfaces of parts, it was found that after hardening, practically all structural changes contribute to reinforcement of the surface layer material and increase the plastic deformation resistance. Increasing the density of dislocations and the separation of carbides, which block the shear slides and create obstacles to the movement of dislocations. Due to these changes, resistance to formation and spread of fatigue cracks have increased. The treatment depth, magnitude of residual stresses and increase in hardness depends on the original structure and chemical composition of the material. Reinforcement regimes have significant effects on the wear resistance. Use  of diamond smoothing, vibration processing, combined methods (surface plastic deformation in combination with other reinforcement methods, as well as the use of a combined tool) opens up new possibilities for increasing the quality characteristics of the surface and the surface layer of parts, and accordingly, increasing their operational properties with all the diversity and complexity of used processes. Based on the results of the studies, practical recommendations on the application of methods of hardening by surface plastic deformation of machine parts and a methodology for designing technological processes for their manufacture considering manufacturing capabilities are proposed.

Measurement of residual stresses in submerged arc welded P91 steel using surface deformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 1707-1712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurav Suman ◽  
Pankaj Biswas ◽  
Surendra Kumar Patel ◽  
Virendra Pratap Singh ◽  
Ashish Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
P91 Steel ◽  
Submerged Arc
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