Realization of the Natural Resource Potential in Agricultural Landscapes of the Central Chernozem Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-444
Author(s):  
O. G. Chuyan ◽  
L. N. Karaulova ◽  
O. A. Mitrokhina ◽  
A. N. Zolotukhin
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
Nataliya Rybalkina ◽  
Vladimir Tunyakin ◽  
Aleksandr Popov ◽  
Leonid Shenshin

With an increase in the anthropogenic load on agricultural landscapes and global climate change, the role of not only the forests of Russia, but also artificially created, man-made forest stands, especially systems of protective stands, is growing. The system of forest belts of the Stone Steppe consists of forest strips of different ages, species composition and width. The oldest stands are 126 years old, the youngest are 28 years old. After the drought of 2010, the death of birch, poplar and partially ash began in many forest belts of the southeast of the Central Chernozem region. Forest strips of the Stone-Steppe system were not an exception. The death of birch and poplar occurred not only in old plantings, but also in middle-aged ones. It is necessary to know their renewable potential to restore the protective functions of forest strips. Old-age forest belts have suffered more from drought. Therefore the article is devoted to the study of the main reserve of renewable potential - the presence of reliable undergrowth and the conditions of its existence under the canopy of the parent forest stand of forest belts aged 62 to 120 years. The article touches upon the concept of a new direction in agroforestry: the mechanism of spatial expansion of protective forest belts on arable land due to the appearance of forest edges consisting of maple and the role of forest edges in the forest-forming process of man-made strip stands have been shown


Author(s):  
Н. М. Рідей ◽  
А. А. Горбатенко ◽  
Ю. А. Кучеренко ◽  
О. М. Пашутіна

Проаналізовано поняття різних потенціалів у аг-роекосистемах. Обґрунтовано визначення природ-но-ресурсного потенціалу агроландшафтів. Запро-поновано ландшафтно-індикативний підхід до оці-нки агроландшафтів шляхом встановлення індексуїх природно-ресурсного потенціалу за основними The concept of different potentials in agro-ecosystems was analyzed. The natural resources potential of agricultural land was reasonably determined. The authors propose a landscape-indicator approach to the assessment of agricultural landscapes by establishing an index of their natural resource potential of the main factors of anthropogenic influence in the agricultural sphere.


Author(s):  
O.G. CHUYAN ◽  
◽  
L.N. KARAULOVA ◽  
O.A. MITROKHINA ◽  
A.N. ZOLOTUKHIN ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-87
Author(s):  
O. G. Chuyan ◽  
L. N. Karaulova

Aim. To assess the interrelations of chemical and physical-chemical parameters of soil cover properties with climatic factors of soil formation in agricultural landscapes of the Central Chernozem Region (CCR) of Russia.Materials and Methods. The research was carried out using a systemic analysis of the complex of agroclimatic and soil parameters. Soil properties were assessed by the weighted average characteristics of arable soils for the areas of the Central Chernozem Region. Hydrothermal conditions were taken into account by rainfall, temperature and the amount of active temperatures for the period 1960-2000.Results. Estimated excess of annual precipitation (440-640 mm) over evaporation (407-500 mm) in the average annual cycle ensures the formation of total runoff and soil washability in the amount of 40-150 and 17-104 mm. This determines soil acidity (pHKCL, R2 = 0.36...0.73). Optimal conditions of humus accumulation are formed when the humidity factor is 0.8-0.9. Mesorelief is a factor of spatial heterogeneity of the total soil composition with which 85% of physical-chemical properties and up to 70% of nutrient availability are associated.Conclusion. The differences in the hydration of the territories both at the scale of the CCR and local levels determine the intensity of geochemical runoff, the oxidation-reduction regime and total chemical soil composition which constitute the basis of heterogeneity in the content of organic matter, acidic-base and other properties.


Author(s):  
Е. N. Sedov ◽  
T. V. Yanchuk

In 2020, the 75th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War was celebrated. Many soldiers and did not survive to see the end of the war. It is important that people living now remember and honor those who gave their lives for the freedom and independence of our country and those who came from the war in difficult conditions to restore the national economy of the country. In memory of those who courageously defended the independence of our great country, we named a new apple cultivar ‘Den Pobedy’ (Victory Day), which took 33 years to create. In 2020, this cultivar was included in the State Register of breeding achievements and it is recommended for cultivation in the Central-Chernozem region including Belgorod, Voronezh, Kursk, Lipetzk, Orel and Tambov regions. This cultivar was developed by crossing are quite commonly known winter cultivar ‘Veteran’ and foreign cultivar ‘Horcout’. Trees have a drooping crown. The main branches are curves. A characteristic feature of this cultivar is that the branches from the trunk depart at an angle close to straight. The main number of fruits is located on short fruit formations. Fruits are of medium weight (140 g), conical, wide-ribbed. The main color of the fruit at the time of harvest is greenish. The cover color occupies most of the surface of the fruit in the form of red blush. The fruit flesh is white, greenish of average density. The appearance (attractiveness) of the fruit is estimated at 4.4 points, and the taste - at 4.3 points (5-point rating). Fruits contain 14.7 % of sugars and 9.2 mg/100 g of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Harvest in Orel region is in mid-September, the consumer period of fruits is until mid-March. The cultivar regularly bears fruit and has high product and consumer qualities.


Author(s):  
G.G. Tkachenko

Морское побережье является одной из самых выраженных естественных географических границ, которая одновременно разделяет и связывает географические структуры суши морей или океанов. В основе формирования типов природопользования в прибрежных зонах, как и на других типах географического пространства, лежит природноресурсный потенциал. Природноресурсный потенциал и типы природопользования как явления пространственнодифференцированные должны быть рассмотрены, прежде всего, в рамках классических географических подходов и оценок, таких как районирование территории и акватории. При этом пространственные сочетания наземных и морских природных, природноресурсных компонентов рассматриваются как важнейшие предпосылки инфраструктурного и хозяйственного развития прибрежных регионов. Необходимым этапом природноресурсного районирования является выявление границ, при пересечении которых существенно меняются природные ресурсы и условия. Данная работа выполнена на примере рассмотрения минеральных ресурсов прибрежных муниципальных образований и является частью исследования природноресурсных сочетаний зоны сушаокеан Дальнего Востока России в рамках изучения пространственной дифференциации факторов, условий и ограничений формирования и развития структур природопользования в прибрежной зоне Тихоокеанской России с учетом воздействия экстремальных природных процессов и явлений. Дана сравнительная характеристика месторождений минерального сырья российской части побережья Японского моря. Определена их видовая и географическая структура. На основе того, что месторождения минерального сырья сгруппированы в 8 основных ресурсных групп ввыполнено районирование российской части побережья Японского моря по сочетанию основных видов минеральных ресурсов. Выделены типы муниципальных образований по сочетанию минеральных ресурсов и показаны особенности каждого из них. Выделены шесть районов по сочетанию минеральных ресурсов. В связи с необходимостью учета географической особенности в сочетании со спецификой минеральных ресурсов, северной и южной частям территории одного типа районов присвоены свои собственные названия. По результатам исследования была построена карта. The seacoast is one of the most pronounced natural geographical boundaries, which divides and connects simultaneously the geographical structures of the land, seas or oceans. The formation of the types of nature management in coastal zones, as well as on other types of geographical space, is based on the natural resource potential. Being spatially differentiated phenomena, the natural resource potential and the types of environmental management should be considered, first of all, within the framework of classical geographical approaches and assessments, such as zoning of the territory and water areas. In this case, spatial combinations of the land and sea natural, naturalresource components are considered as the most important prerequisites for the infrastructure and economic development of coastal regions. Identification of borders, at the intersection of which the natural resources and conditions change significantly, is a necessary stage of natural resource zoning. This work is carried out by example of consideration of mineral resources of coastal municipal unions and appears to be a part of studies of naturalresource combinations of the landocean zone of the Russian Far East in the framework of studies of spatial differentiation of factors, conditions and restrictions of formation and development of structures of nature management in the coastal zone of Pacific Russia, taking into account the influence of extreme natural processes and phenomena. The comparative characteristic of mineral deposits of the Russian part of the coast of the Sea of Japan is given. Their species and a geographical structure are determined. Based on the fact that the mineral deposits are grouped into eight main resource groups, zoning of the Russian part of the coast of the Sea of Japan by a combination of the main types of mineral resources is performed. The types of municipalities are allocated by a combination of mineral resources and their features are shown. Six areas are singled out by a combination of mineral resources. Due to the need to take into account the geographical features in combination with the specifics of mineral resources, the northern and southern parts of the territory of one type of areas have obtained their own names. According to the results of the studies, the map has been compiled.


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