An Examination of the Associations between Life Problems and Psychiatric Disorders in a Rural Patient Population

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Yellowlees ◽  
Anil V. Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Rural Patient ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Pathology Data

The objective of this clinical study was to examine the differential effects of adversity on pathology. Data obtained from a previously described consecutive series of 707 patients was re-analysed to this effect. A series of specific life events, as well as behaviours that were likely to be secondary to psychiatric disorder, were examined. High rates of life problems such as incest, sexual assault, domestic violence, suicide attempts, and alcohol, tranquilliser and substance abuse were found in the group of patients in general. There were no major differences in the prevalence of these problems in patients with major functional disorders, anxiety disorders, short-lived minor psychiatric disorders, or in “control” patients with no primary Axis I or Axis II diagnosis. Patients with personality disorders as their major psychiatric diagnosis did, however, experience higher levels of the majority of these problems. The clinical implications of the findings are discussed. It is concluded that patients who develop chronic psychiatric illnesses are probably more psychologically or biologically vulnerable than those patients who develop short-lived disorders and who do not achieve a major psychiatric diagnosis from the practising clinician.

Prevalence of subthreshold forms of psychiatric disorders in persons making suicide attempts in Hungary

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 354-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Balázs ◽  
I. Bitter ◽  
Y. Lecrubier ◽  
N Csiszér ◽  
G. Ostorharics
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Current Threshold ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv

summaryBackground – Suicide and suicide attempts have been associated to psychiatric illnesses; however, little is known about the role in suicide risk of those symptoms that do not meet the full criteria for a DSM-IV disorder. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of subthreshold psychiatric disorders among suicide attempters in Hungary. Methods – Using a modified structured interview (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview) determining 16 Axis I psychiatric diagnoses and their subthreshold forms defined by the DSM-IV and a semistructured interview collecting background information, the authors examined 140 consecutive suicide attempters, aged 18–65 years. Results – Eighty-three-point-six percent of the attempters had one or more current threshold diagnoses on Axis I and in addition more than three-quarters (78.6%) of the subjects had at least one subthreshold diagnosis. Six-point-four percent of the subjects (N = 9) had neither subthreshold nor threshold diagnoses at the time of their suicide attempts. Ten percent of the subjects (N = 14), not meeting the full criteria for any DSM-IV diagnoses, had at least one subthreshold diagnosis. In 68.6% of the subjects (N = 96), both subthreshold and threshold disorders were diagnosed at the time of their suicide attempts. The number of subthreshold and threshold diagnoses were positively and significantly related (χ2 = 5.12, df = 1, P < 0.05). Sixty-three-point-six percent of the individuals received two or more current threshold diagnoses on Axis I and 44.3% of the individuals (N = 62) had two or more subthreshold diagnoses at the time of their suicide attempts. Limitations – The subthreshold definitions in this study included only those forms of the disorders which required the same duration as the criteria DSM-IV disorder with fewer symptoms. Conclusions – Suicide attempts showed a very high prevalence of subthreshold disorders besides psychiatric disorders meeting the full criteria required according to the DSM-IV. Subthreshold forms of mental disorders need to be taken into account in suicide prevention.

Suicidal Behavior in Patients with Adjustment Disorders

Crisis ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmila Kryzhanovskaya ◽  
Randolph Canterbury
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Adjustment Disorders ◽  
Involuntary Hospitalization ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
The Past ◽  
Substance Abuse Disorders ◽  
Axis I

Summary: This retrospective study characterizes the suicidal behavior in 119 patients with Axis I adjustment disorders as assessed by psychiatrists at the University of Virginia Hospital. Results indicated that 72 patients (60.5%) had documented suicide attempts in the past, 96% had been suicidal during their admission to the hospital, and 50% had attempted suicide before their hospitalization. The most commonly used method of suicide attempts was overdosing. Of the sample group with suicide attempts in the past, 67% had Axis II diagnoses of borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder. Adjustment disorder diagnosis in patients with the suicide attempts was associated with a high level of suicidality at admission, involuntary hospitalization and substance-abuse disorders. Axis II diagnoses in patients with adjustment disorders constituted risk factors for further suicidal behavior. Additional future prospective studies with reliability checks on diagnosis of adjustment disorders and suicidal behavior are needed.

scholarly journals Study of Life Stressors and Suicidal Intent of Suicidal Attempters with or Without Axis 1 Psychiatric Comorbidities: A Case Control Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivabalan E ◽  
Arun Narayan Pradeep
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Life Stressors ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Suicidal Intent ◽  
Axis I Disorders ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Control Study

Background: Suicide attempts and Psychiatric illness are interrelated in a complex and bi directional way such that either of them leaves an impact on the other. People with Psychiatric morbidity are at high risk of attempting suicide. Even though extensive research works have been done in suicide, there is a paucity of studies focusing the mentally ill attempters, especially with reference to Intent and Lethality. Hence the present study designed to study the various parameters , contributing factors and Risk factors associated with suicide attempts of patient with Axis I disorders. Aim: 1.To assess the life stressors and suicidal intent in suicide attempters with Axis I psychiatric disorders. 2. To assess the life stressors and suicidal intent in suicide attempters without Axis I psychiatric disorders. 3. Compare the life stressors and suicidal intent in suicide attempters with and without axis I disorders. Material and Methods: The study subjects of this case control study were recruited from the patients referred to the department of Psychiatry from Medicine, Surgical and Intensive care wards for Psychiatric evaluation.30 patients of attempted suicide who had Axis I diagnosis as per the ICD – 10 criteria were taken as cases and 30 age and sex matched patients were taken as controls. Results: 1.The suicidal intent is high in Suicide attempters with Axis I Disorders. 2. The lethality is high in Suicidal attempters with Axis I Disorders. 3. Stress factors play a major role in Suicide attempters with Axis I disorders.

"Axis I and Axis II disorders as predictors of prospective suicide attempts: Findings from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study": Correction to Yen et al (2003).

2004 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley Yen ◽  
Tracie Shea ◽  
Maria Pagano ◽  
Charles A. Sanislow ◽  
Carlos M. Grilo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Axis I

scholarly journals DSM-IV Axis II personality disorders and suicide and attempted suicide in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 209 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongsheng Tong ◽  
Michael R. Phillips ◽  
Kenneth R. Conner
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv

BackgroundThere are meagre data on Axis II personality disorders and suicidal behaviour in China.AimsTo describe the prevalence of Axis II personality disorders in suicides and suicide attempts in China and to estimate risk for these outcomes associated with personality disorders.MethodPeople who died by suicide (n = 151), people who attempted suicide (n = 118) and living community controls (n = 140) were randomly sampled from four Chinese counties and studied using the Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) and Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II). We also determined the prevalence of subthreshold versions of ten DSM-IV personality disorders.ResultsAxis II personality disorders were present in 7% of the suicide group, 6% of the suicide attempt group and 1% of the control group. Threshold and subthreshold personality disorders had adjusted odds ratios (point estimates) in the range of 2.7–8.0 for suicide and for suicide attempts.ConclusionsAxis II personality disorders may confer increased risk for suicidal behaviour in China, but their low prevalence in the community and among people with suicidal behaviour suggests that other personality constructs such as select dimensional traits may be a more fruitful avenue for understanding and preventing suicide in China.

Axis I and Axis II psychiatric disorders in patients with fibromyalgia

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faruk Uguz ◽  
Erdinç Çiçek ◽  
Ali Salli ◽  
Ali Yavuz Karahan ◽  
İlknur Albayrak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Axis I

A Study of Suicides in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia

Crisis ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod Rai Thacore ◽  
Shashjit Lal Varma
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Male To Female

Objective:To study suicides occurring in Ballarat with regard to incidence, demographic variables, possible causal factors, and association with psychiatric disorders over a period of 5 years. Method:A detailed review of the coroner's record of every suicide occurring during 1992-1996 was undertaken. Information was obtained on socio-demographic variables, method and circumstances of suicide, and associated psychiatric disorders in each case and subjected to psychological autopsy. Results:75 suicides were recorded. The male to female ratio was 4:1 and average age was 43 years. 60% had associated psychiatric illnesses, mainly affective disorders. Carbon monoxide self-poisoning accounted for 40%, firearms for 30%, and hanging, overdose, asphyxia and other methods for the remaining 30%. It was statistically significant that the younger age group preferred firearms to other methods, and that their suicides were precipitated by interpersonal conflicts. Social and personal difficulties were associated in 33%, and triggering factors were present in 40%. Previous suicide attempts were present in 28%, while 32% had manifest behavior changes preceding suicides or verbalized their intent to suicide. Conclusions:Suicide rates in Ballarat were higher than the average overall Victorian and Australian rates. After a consistent decline over 4 years an increase occurred in 1996. The preferred method of suicide was carbon monoxide, although the young preferred firearms. Demographic and other psychosocial factors were similar to the rest of Australia. Unemployment was not a significant factor. Psychiatric conditions, personal and social problems figured prominently as factors of etiological significance in suicide subjects.

The rocky road from Axis I to Axis II: Extending the network model of diagnostic comorbidity to personality pathology

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 151-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Bornstein
Keyword(s):  
Network Model ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Axis I

AbstractAlthough the network model represents a promising new approach to conceptualizing comorbidity in psychiatric diagnosis, the model applies most directly to Axis I symptom disorders; the degree to which the model generalizes to Axis II disorders remains open to question. This commentary addresses that issue, discussing opportunities and challenges in applying the network model to DSM-diagnosed personality pathology.

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