Growth Hormone in Uremia I. Plasma Growth Hormone, Insulin and Glucagon after Oral and Intravenous Glucose in Uremic Subjects

The present study was undertaken to determine the rate of glucose disposal in the pathogenesis of symptomatic neonatal hypoglycemia. Intravenous glucose (1 gm/kg) was injected rapidly into 11 hypoglycemic and eight control newborn infants. The percentage (mean ± SEM) disappearance rate per minute (Kt) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the hypoglycemic newborn infants compared with that of the controls (2.8 ± 0.1 versus 1.2 ± 0.1, respectively). Baseline plasma insulin concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the hypoglycemic (16.8 ± 3.9µU/ml) than those of the controls (3.5 ± 1.0µU/ml). Baseline plasma growth hormone values in the hypoglycemic newborns were 16.6 ± 5.7 mµg/ml. Growth hormorne values rose in the hypoglycemic to 36 ± 10 mµg/ml at 10 minutes and to 64 ± 13 mµg/ml by 60 minutes.

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Metabolic and endocrine responses of pregnant and lactating ewes to intravenous glucose or insulin

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600086731 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 113 (2) ◽

pp. 173-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. M. Bassett

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Insulin Action ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Growth Hormone Secretion ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Hormone Concentration ◽

Plasma Growth Hormone ◽

Intravenous Glucose ◽

Growth Hormone Concentration ◽

Glucose Injection

SUMMARYTo investigate whether late pregnancy results in increased resistance to insulin action in ewes, a group of 18 crossbred ewes (six with twin foetuses) were given intravenous injections of glucose (0·25 g/kg) and insulin (0·25 U/kg) about 18days before full term and again during lactation, about 36 days after delivery. Before the injections, basal plasma concentrations of glucose, free fatty acids and growth hormone were lower during pregnancy than during lactation, but insulin concentrations were similar on the two occasions and cortisol concentrations were higher during pregnancy.Rates of glucose removal and insulin secretory responses to the glucose injection were similar on the two occasions, both in ewes with single lambs and in those with twins. Insulin injection also resulted in similar decreases in glucose concentration on the two occasions in all ewes. Recovery from hypoglycaemia was somewhat delayed during pregnancy whencompared with lactation, but less so than in wether sheep given a similar injection of insulin. The plasma free fatty acid concentration decreased more slowly after glucose injection during pregnancy than in lactation. Responses of plasma cortisol concentration toinsulin-induced hypoglycaemia were similar on the 2 days, but plasma growth hormone concentration increased far more in lactating ewes after both injections.The results did not indicate increased antagonism to insulin action in ewes during late pregnancy, but did show that changes in the counter-regulatory hormones after the disturbances to glucose homeostasis may differ markedly in the two situations and suggest that hyper-responsiveness of the system regulating growth hormone secretion contributes to the increased plasma growth hormone concentration observed in lactating animals.

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PLASMA GROWTH HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS IN SHEEP MEASURED BY RADIOIMMUNOASSAY

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0470021 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 21-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

A. L. C. WALLACE ◽

J. M. BASSETT

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Intravenous Injection ◽

Similar Rate ◽

Systematic Change ◽

Plasma Growth Hormone ◽

Intravenous Glucose ◽

Mean Values ◽

Adult Sheep ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Plasma Gh

SUMMARY Plasma growth hormone (GH) concentrations in adult sheep and lambs were measured by radioimmunoassay. Mean values before feeding were 3·1 (s.e. − 0·4, + 0·5) ng./ml. in lactating ewes and 3·9 (− 0·5, + 0·7) ng./ml. in their lambs. In adult wethers the mean GH concentration before feeding was 2·3 (−0·2, + 0·3) ng./ml. After one i.v. injection of 400 μg. ovine GH, the hormone disappeared from the plasma of adult sheep with a half-time of 7–8 min. Plasma GH concentrations decreased at a similar rate after the establishment of high concentrations of endogenously secreted GH. The results suggest a shorter half-life than has been reported for human GH in man. GH could not be recovered in an immunologically recognizable form in urine. Fasting for 4 days led to no systematic change in plasma GH concentrations. Feeding did not increase plasma GH. Intravenous injection of saline resulted in some increase in plasma GH in both ewes and lambs. In adult sheep intravenous glucose (0·25 g./kg.) did not cause any greater change than that seen after saline, but in lambs an increase occurred. Intravenous injection of insulin (0·25 unit/kg.) resulted in an increase in plasma GH at 15–30 min. and this effect was found in both lambs and ewes. Infusion of adrenaline at either 25 μg. or 50 μg./min. into adult wethers (average body wt 51 kg.) caused a decrease in plasma GH concentration. It was concluded that the changes in plasma GH concentration of sheep in a number of physiological situations differ from those reported to occur in man.

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Glucose tolerance, growth hormone and somatomedin levels in osteosarcoma patients

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0940517 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 94 (4) ◽

pp. 517-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

U. Adamson ◽

L.-Å. Broström ◽

S. Efendić ◽

K. Hall

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Plasma Growth Hormone ◽

Intravenous Glucose ◽

Insulin Response To Glucose ◽

The Mean ◽

The Individual ◽

And Control ◽

Mean Glucose

Abstract. Intravenous glucose tolerance, insulin response to glucose, the sensitivity of the periphery to insulin as well as growth hormone and somatomedin levels were determined in osteosarcoma patients and control subjects matched by age, sex, weight and length. The insulin response to glucose and the peripheral sensitivity to insulin were evaluated by using the individual blood glucose and plasma insulin curves for parameter identification in a mathematical model. The mean glucose tolerance was significantly decreased in the patients, most likely due to decreased peripheral insulin sensitivity. Plasma growth hormone levels were normal in all patients which was also the case with somatomedin levels determined by both radioreceptor- and radioimmunoassay.

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Single and repeated testing of growth hormone secretory capacity in hypopituitarism using growth hormone releasing factor

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.112s118 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 113 (4_Suppl) ◽

pp. S118-S122 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

O. BUTENANDT ◽

M. EMMLINGER ◽

H. DOERR

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Body Weight ◽

Pituitary Gland ◽

Bolus Injection ◽

Hormone Deficiency ◽

Test Results ◽

Repeated Testing ◽

Plasma Growth Hormone ◽

Once Daily ◽

Secretory Capacity

Abstract 38 patients with proven growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and 19 children with familial short stature received an iv GRF-bolus injection of 1 ug/kg body weight. Whereas in all control children plasma growth hormone rose significantly (mean of maximal values 36 ng/ml), only 7 out of 38 patients with GHD reached peak values of 8 ng/ml or more. GRF-priming by 1 ug GRF/kg BW given once daily s.c. for 5 days in 19 patients improved the response of the pituitary gland in 11. Thus, following the first GRF test, only 21 % of patients demonstrated function of the pituitary gland whereas 45 % did so when all test results are combined. To evaluate the pituitary function in patients with GHD correctly, GRF tests following a GRF priming period seems to be necessary to reactivate atrophic somatotropic cells of the pituitary gland.

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