From Pluripotent Stem Cells to Multifunctional Cordocytic Phenotypes in the Human Brain: An Ultrastructural Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viorel Pais ◽  
Leon Danaila ◽  
Emil Pais
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells

scholarly journals Brain organoids and insights on human evolution

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alysson R. Muotri
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Evolution ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Current State

Human brain organoids, generated from pluripotent stem cells, have emerged as a promising technique for modeling early stages of human neurodevelopment in controlled laboratory conditions. Although the applications for disease modeling in a dish have become routine, the use of these brain organoids as evolutionary tools is only now getting momentum. Here, we will review the current state of the art on the use of brain organoids from different species and the molecular and cellular insights generated from these studies. Besides, we will discuss how this model might be beneficial for human health and the limitations and future perspectives of this technology.

In situ generation of human brain organoids on a micropillar array

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 2941-2950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujuan Zhu ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Hao Yu ◽  
Fangchao Yin ◽  
Yaqing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
In Situ Generation ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
High Throughput Manner

We present a simple and high throughput manner to generate brain organoids in situ from human induced pluripotent stem cells on micropillar arrays and to investigate long-term brain organogenesis in 3D culture in vitro.

scholarly journals Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and the Modelling of Alzheimer’s Disease: The Human Brain Outside the Dish

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godwin Tong ◽  
Pablo Izquierdo ◽  
Rana Arham Raashid
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Global Health Issue ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Background:Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) are a global health issue primarily in the elderly. Although AD has been investigated using primary cultures, animal models and post-mortem human brain tissues, there are currently no effective treatments.Summary:With the advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) reprogrammed from fully differentiated adult cells such as skin fibroblasts, newer opportunities have arisen to study the pathophysiology of many diseases in more depth. It is envisioned that iPSCs could be used as a powerful tool for neurodegenerative disease modelling and eventually be an unlimited source for cell replacement therapy. This paper provides an overview of; the contribution of iPSCs towards modeling and understanding AD pathogenesis, the novel human/mouse chimeric models in elucidating current AD pathogenesis hypotheses, the possible use of iPSCs in drug screening, and perspectives on possible future directions.Key messages:Human/mouse chimeric models using iPSCs to study AD offer much promise in better replicating AD pathology and can be further exploited to elucidate disease pathogenesis with regards to the neuroinflammation hypothesis of AD.

scholarly journals Modeling human neurodevelopmental diseases with brain organoids

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiang Lu ◽  
Jiajie Yang ◽  
Yangfei Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Developmental Abnormalities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractStudying the etiology of human neurodevelopmental diseases has long been a challenging task due to the brain’s complexity and its limited accessibility. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs)-derived brain organoids are capable of recapitulating various features and functionalities of the human brain, allowing the investigation of intricate pathogenesis of developmental abnormalities. Over the past years, brain organoids have facilitated identifying disease-associated phenotypes and underlying mechanisms for human neurodevelopmental diseases. Integrating with more cutting-edge technologies, particularly gene editing, brain organoids further empower human disease modeling. Here, we review the latest progress in modeling human neurodevelopmental disorders with brain organoids.

scholarly journals The application of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells for modeling and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabin Han ◽  
Chuanguo Liu ◽  
Jin Huang ◽  
Juanli Chen ◽  
Chuanfei Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Autologous Transplantation ◽  
Human Ipscs ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent age-related neurodegenerative disease which is mainly caused by aggregated protein plaques in degenerating neurons of the brain. These aggregated protein plaques are mainly consisting of amyloid β (Aβ) fibrils and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of phosphorylated tau protein. Even though the transgenic murine models can recapitulate some of the AD phenotypes, they are not the human cell models of AD. Recent breakthrough in somatic cell reprogramming made it available to use induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for patientspecific disease modeling and autologous transplantation therapy. Human iPSCs provide alternative ways to obtain specific human brain cells of AD patients to study the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for familial and sporadic forms of AD. After differentiation into neuronal cells, iPSCs have enabled the investigation of the complex aetiology and timescale over which AD develops in human brain. Here, we first go over the pathological process of and transgenic models of AD. Then we discuss the application of iPSC for disease model and cell transplantation. At last the challenges and future applications of iPSCs for AD will be summarized to propose cell-based approaches for the treatment of this devastating disorder.

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