Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents

Free sugars (FS) are associated with a higher risk of dental decay in children and an increased risk of weight gain, overweight and obesity and type 2 diabetes. For this reason, Canada’s Food Guide recommends limiting foods and beverages that contribute to excess free sugars consumption. Estimating FS intakes is needed to inform policies and interventions aimed at reducing Canadians’ consumption of FS. The objective of this study was to estimate FS intake of Canadians using a new method that estimated the free sugars content of foods in the Canadian Nutrient File, the database used in national nutrition surveys. We define FS as sugars present in food products in which the structure has been broken down. We found that 12% of total energy (about 56 g) comes from FS in the diet of Canadians 1 year of age and older (≥1 year). The top four sources were: (1) sugars, syrups, preserves, confectionary, desserts; (2) soft drinks; (3) baked products and (4) juice (without added sugars), and accounted for 60% of total free sugars intake. The results show that efforts need to be sustained to help Canadians, particularly children and adolescents, to reduce their FS intake.

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Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. American Diabetes Association

Diabetes Care ◽

10.2337/diacare.23.3.381 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 381-389 ◽

Cited By ~ 751

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

American Diabetes Association

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Springer et al. Technical Report: Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics. 2013;131(2):e648-e664.

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.2013-0667 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 131 (5) ◽

pp. 1014-1014

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Technical Report

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Pharmacologic Approaches to Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity in Children and Adolescents

Management of Pediatric Obesity and Diabetes ◽

10.1007/978-1-60327-256-8_12 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 275-310

Author(s):

Patama Pongsuwan

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Diabetes And Obesity ◽

Obesity In Children

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Physical activity versus metformin for increasing insulin sensitivity in children and adolescents at-risk for type 2 diabetes

University of Western Ontario Medical Journal ◽

10.5206/uwomj.v85i2.2228 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 85 (2) ◽

pp. 26-28

Author(s):

Andrew D Hanna ◽

Natalie V Scime

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

At Risk ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Pediatric Populations

Global rates of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among children and adolescents are steadily rising. As such, an increasing amount of attention and research has begun to focus on strategies to prevent this chronic and burdensome disease in pediatric populations. The purpose of this article is to briefly review current evidence pertaining to the effectiveness of physical activity versus metformin in improving insulin sensitivity of children at-risk (ie, obese and/or insulin resistant) for developing T2D. Potential barriers to each preventative intervention will also be discussed. Physical activity, both aerobic and resistance, has demonstrated effectiveness in a moderate number of demographically diverse pediatric studies. However, the pediatric population is already alarmingly sedentary with barriers such as lack of motivation, social stigma and discomfort presenting a challenge. A small number of studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of metformin in children and adolescents for improved insulin sensitivity. However, longer and larger studies are required to confirm these findings and elucidate upon the long-term safety and efficacy of this pharmaceutical in pediatric populations. While no head-to-head studies examining physical activity and metformin exist in pediatric populations and more research is needed, current evidence seems to favour the use of physical activity given the larger quantity of studies and generalizability of its beneficial effects. Thus, physical activity should be emphasized in clinical and public health practice when targeting at-risk children and adolescents to prevent a T2D diagnosis.

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