Insomnia: Sleep Restriction Therapy

2010 ◽  
pp. 277-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur J Spielman ◽  
Chien-Ming Yang ◽  
Paul B Glovinsky
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Restriction

The effect of 5 nights of sleep restriction on empathic propensity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Amicucci ◽  
Daniela Tempesta ◽  
Federico Salfi ◽  
Aurora D'Atri ◽  
Lorenzo Viselli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Restriction

scholarly journals Residual, differential neurobehavioral deficits linger after multiple recovery nights following chronic sleep restriction or acute total sleep deprivation

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika M Yamazaki ◽  
Caroline A Antler ◽  
Charlotte R Lasek ◽  
Namni Goel
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance Test ◽  
Recovery Sleep ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Neurobehavioral Deficits ◽  
Chronic Sleep

Abstract Study Objectives The amount of recovery sleep needed to fully restore well-established neurobehavioral deficits from sleep loss remains unknown, as does whether the recovery pattern differs across measures after total sleep deprivation (TSD) and chronic sleep restriction (SR). Methods In total, 83 adults received two baseline nights (10–12-hour time in bed [TIB]) followed by five 4-hour TIB SR nights or 36-hour TSD and four recovery nights (R1–R4; 12-hour TIB). Neurobehavioral tests were completed every 2 hours during wakefulness and a Maintenance of Wakefulness Test measured physiological sleepiness. Polysomnography was collected on B2, R1, and R4 nights. Results TSD and SR produced significant deficits in cognitive performance, increases in self-reported sleepiness and fatigue, decreases in vigor, and increases in physiological sleepiness. Neurobehavioral recovery from SR occurred after R1 and was maintained for all measures except Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) lapses and response speed, which failed to completely recover. Neurobehavioral recovery from TSD occurred after R1 and was maintained for all cognitive and self-reported measures, except for vigor. After TSD and SR, R1 recovery sleep was longer and of higher efficiency and better quality than R4 recovery sleep. Conclusions PVT impairments from SR failed to reverse completely; by contrast, vigor did not recover after TSD; all other deficits were reversed after sleep loss. These results suggest that TSD and SR induce sustained, differential biological, physiological, and/or neural changes, which remarkably are not reversed with chronic, long-duration recovery sleep. Our findings have critical implications for the population at large and for military and health professionals.

043 Sleep Restriction Affects Memory in Healthy Adults: Preliminary Findings

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A18-A19
Author(s):  
Molly Zimmerman ◽  
Christiane Hale ◽  
Adam Brickman ◽  
Lok-Kin Yeung ◽  
Justin Cochran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Neuropsychological Function ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Sleep Condition ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Sleep loss has a range of detrimental effects on cognitive ability. However, few studies have examined the impact of sleep restriction on neuropsychological function using an experimental design. The goal of this study was to examine the extent to which maintained insufficient sleep affects cognition in healthy adults compared to habitual adequate sleep. Methods This study used a randomized, crossover, outpatient sleep restriction design. Adults who regularly slept at least 7 h/night, verified by 2 weeks of screening with actigraphy, completed 2 phases of 6 weeks each: habitual sleep (>7 h of sleep/night) or sleep restriction (habitual sleep minus 1.5 h) separated by a 6-week washout period. During the sleep restriction phase, participants were asked to delay their bedtime by 1.5 hours/night while maintaining their habitual wake time. Neuropsychological function was evaluated with the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery at baseline (week 0) and endpoint (week 6) of each intervention phase. The NIH Toolbox evaluates a range of cognitive abilities, including attention, executive functioning, and working memory. General linear models with post hoc paired t-tests were used to assess demographically-adjusted test scores prior to and following each sleep condition. Results At the time of analyses, 16 participants were enrolled (age 34.5□14.5 years, 9 women), 10 of whom had completed study procedures. An interaction between sleep condition and testing session revealed that individuals performed worse on List Sorting, a working memory test, after sleep restriction but improved slightly after habitual sleep (p<0.001). While not statistically reliable, the pattern of test results was similar on the other tests of processing speed, executive function, and attention. Conclusion In these preliminary results from this randomized experimental study, we demonstrated that sleep restriction has a negative impact while stable habitual adequate sleep has a positive impact on working memory, or the ability to temporarily hold information in mind while executing task demands. This finding contributes to our understanding of the complex interplay between different aspects of sleep quality (i.e., both sleep restriction as well as the maintenance of stable sleep patterns) on cognition and underscores the importance of routine sleep screening as part of medical evaluations. Support (if any):

Homeostatic Response to Sleep Restriction in Adolescents

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Skorucak ◽  
Nathan Weber ◽  
Mary A Carskadon ◽  
Chelsea Reynolds ◽  
Scott Coussens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Homeostatic Process ◽  
Sleep Homeostasis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Homeostatic Response ◽  
Chronic Sleep

Abstract The high prevalence of chronic sleep restriction in adolescents underscores the importance of understanding how adolescent sleep is regulated under such conditions. One component of sleep regulation is a homeostatic process: if sleep is restricted, then sleep intensity increases. Our knowledge of this process is primarily informed by total sleep deprivation studies and has been incorporated in mathematical models of human sleep regulation. Several animal studies, however, suggest that adaptation occurs in chronic sleep restriction conditions, showing an attenuated or even decreased homeostatic response. We investigated the homeostatic response of adolescents to different sleep opportunities. Thirty-four participants were allocated to one of three groups with 5, 7.5 or 10 h of sleep opportunity per night for 5 nights. Each group underwent a protocol of 9 nights designed to mimic a school week between 2 weekends: 2 baseline nights (10 h sleep opportunity), 5 condition nights (5, 7.5 or 10 h), and two recovery nights (10 h). Measures of sleep homeostasis (slow-wave activity and slow-wave energy) were calculated from frontal and central EEG derivations and compared to predictions derived from simulations of the homeostatic process of the two-process model of sleep regulation. Only minor differences were found between empirical data and model predictions, indicating that sleep homeostasis is preserved under chronic sleep restriction in adolescents. These findings improve our understanding of effects of repetitive short sleep in adolescents.

125 Increased plasma renin activity during wake in a repetitive sleep restriction protocol

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A51-A51
Author(s):  
Huan Yang ◽  
Michael Vazquez ◽  
Monika Haack ◽  
Janet Mullington
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Impaired Renal Function ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
Recovery Sleep ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Introduction Insufficient sleep is associated with an increased risk of hypertension. It is well established that long-term BP regulation is modulated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and chronic kidney disease is a strong independent risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease. This study investigated the biomarkers of RAAS and renal function during repetitive exposures to controlled, experimental sleep restriction (SR). We hypothesized an upregulation of RAAS and increased markers of impaired renal function. Methods Twenty-one healthy participants (11 women, average age 31±2 years) completed the 22-day in-hospital SR protocol: permitted 4h of sleep/night from 0300-0700 for 3 nights followed by a recovery sleep, repeated 4 times. Blood samples were collected and plasma renin activity (PRA) was assessed in the morning (7:05am) and in the evening before bedtime (22:45pm) at baseline, experimental days (3rd day of each of the 4 blocks), and recovery. Urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) was measured from 24-h urinary collection at baseline, first and fourth SR blocks. Estimated glomerulus filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated based on the serum cystatin C levels at baseline and last block of SR. Results Percent change of evening PRA significantly increased during 4 blocks of SR and recovery (SR effect p=0.039), but not morning PRA (SR effect p=0.34). Specifically, evening PRA increased up to 98.4% in the first (p<0.01), 61.3% in the second (p=0.04) SR blocks, and 57.5% (p=0.05) in recovery. Urinary ACR showed no significant changes during first or fourth SR blocks (SR effect p=0.28). In addition, eGFR did not change in the fourth SR block compared to BL (paired t-test, p=0.27). Conclusion We did not see increased markers of impaired renal function (ACR or eGFR). Rather, short-term repetitive exposures to SR significantly increased percent change of PRA measured before bedtime, and evening PRA did not return to BL level during recovery. Our results suggested that sleep deficiency may contribute to hypertension through upregulation of RAAS during wake time. Support (if any) SRSF (CDA to Huan Yang), NIH (R01HL106782 to Dr. Janet Mullington), Harvard Catalyst, Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center (UL1TR001102).

scholarly journals Effects of moderate sleep restriction during 8-week calorie restriction on lipoprotein particles and glucose metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua R Sparks ◽  
Ryan R Porter ◽  
Shawn D Youngstedt ◽  
Kimberly P Bowyer ◽  
J Larry Durstine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Lipoprotein Subclass ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Group Time ◽  
Female Body Mass ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Cohen's D

Abstract Study Objectives This study examined how glucose, glucose regulatory hormones, insulin sensitivity, and lipoprotein subclass particle concentrations and sizes change with sleep restriction during weight loss elicited by calorie restriction. Methods Overweight or obese adults were randomized into an 8-week calorie restriction intervention alone (CR, n = 12; 75% female; body mass index = 31.4 ± 2.9 kg/m2) or combined with sleep restriction (CR+SR, n = 16; 75% female; body mass index = 34.5 ± 3.1 kg/m2). Participants in both groups were given the same instructions to reduce calorie intake. Those in the CR+SR group were instructed to reduce their habitual time-in-bed by 30–90 minutes 5 days each week with 2 ad libitum sleep days. Fasting venous blood samples were collected at pre- and post-intervention. Results Differential changes were found between the two groups (p = 0.028 for group × time interaction) in glucagon concentration, which decreased in the CR group (p = 0.016) but did not change in CR+SR group. Although changes in mean HDL particle (HDL-P) size and visfatin concentration were not statistically different between groups (p = 0.066 and 0.066 for group×time interaction, respectively), mean HDL-P size decreased only in the CR+SR group (Cohen’s d = 0.50, p = 0.022); visfatin concentrations did not change significantly in either group but appeared to decrease in the CR group (Cohen’s d = 0.67, p = 0.170) but not in the CR+SR group (Cohen’s d = 0.43, p = 0.225). Conclusion These results suggest that moderate sleep restriction, despite the presence of periodic ad libitum sleep, influences lipoprotein subclass particles and glucose regulation in individuals undergoing calorie restriction. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02413866, Weight Outlooks by Restriction of Diet and Sleep)

scholarly journals FRI0625-HPR APPS TARGETING SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH SJÖGREN’S SYNDROME AND POTENTIAL USERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR FEATURES: CONTENT ANALYSIS AND THINK ALOUD STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 917.2-917
Author(s):  
C. Mccallum ◽  
M. Campbell ◽  
M. Higgs ◽  
J. Vines ◽  
T. Rapley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Hygiene ◽  
Sjogren’S Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren's Syndrome ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
Full List ◽  
Sjögren‘S Syndrome

Background:Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a rheumatic disease requiring self-management which may be delivered through smartphones. When developing digital interventions it is important to review what is already available (market segmentation)1to identify unique selling points and aid uptake and adoption. While there are no dedicated SS apps, many are publicly available for other rheumatic conditions2. Understanding user preferences for existing apps may help to design an engaging app for SS self-management.Objectives:To explore apps targeting SS symptoms of dryness, sleep disturbances, fatigue and pain. To explore views of people with SS on these app features.Methods:Apple Store apps were retrieved on 04 March 2019 using the following search terms:dry, dry eye, sleep, insomnia, fatigue, tirednessandpain. Included apps were English and in Medical or Health & Fitness genres. Exclusion criteria were; duplicates, additional external devices required and apps targeting alcohol reduction or children.Included apps were grouped by symptom. App descriptions were open-coded to generate a thematic coding framework (i.e. full list of features) for each symptom which was then applied to all app descriptions. To obtain views of people with SS, several of the reviewed apps for each symptom covering the full list of features were given to 13 focus group participants to use in ‘think aloud’ sessions (n=4). Audio data was recorded, transcribed and deductively analysed using the framework to gather opinions relating to each feature.Results:Of 914 apps retrieved, 542 were included. Features within apps targeting dryness (n=15) provided dry eye information, self-assessment and reminders to blink or look away from screens. Apps targeting sleep (n=310) included features to support sleep restriction, sleep hygiene, sleep tracking (sleep onset and wake up times, time in bed, overall sleep quality), relaxing sounds, guided meditation, sleep stories, snore recording and alarms. Fatigue apps (n=79) included features to detect current physical and mental fatigue levels, support pacing (i.e. track fatigue, label tasks as ‘high energy’, prioritise tasks), and self-massage instructions. Apps targeting pain (n=138) featured pain tracking (of severity, affected body areas), guided exercises, and mindfulness.Dryness apps prompted participants to reflect on its impact on daily activities, but further dryness features were desired relating to: using a humidifier; eye drop reminders; and dryness tips for other body areas e.g. vaginal dryness. Sleep restriction features were believed to be irrelevant but viewing and selecting sleep hygiene tips to “try” were considered useful. Beyond entering sleep onset and wake up times, participants wished to track “when and why I woke up”, to understand night awakenings in relation to other symptoms. Fatigue detection features were felt to be more useful for those recently diagnosed, as experienced participants could easy identify when they were fatigued (“I don’t need an app to tell me!”). Participants valued pacing features but found them difficult to use. Daily pain tracking was considered demotivating, but useful for remembering and explaining issues to healthcare professionals. Participants believed that a dedicated app for SS would support self-management and raise SS awareness.Conclusion:Existing apps targeting SS symptoms do not meet the needs of those with SS. App features should be tailored to SS by supporting dryness management in body areas beyond eyes, and night-awakenings. Pacing features must be easy to use. The ability to track pain should be optional and tracking prompts should be limited. Design considerations should be implemented alongside evidence-based behaviour change techniques to support self-management.References:[1] Araújo-Soares, V. et al (2019).European Psychologist,24(1), 7[2] Knitza, J., et al (2019).JMIR mHealth and uHealth,7(8), e14991Acknowledgments:Versus Arthritis (Grant 22026)Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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