The Effect of Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise on Increasing Body Immunity Through Physical Fitness Test

The research aims to determine: 1) differences in the effect of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on increasing body immunity, 2) differences in increasing body immunity between low and high Body Mass Index, 3) differences in increasing body immunity between high Body Mass Index aerobic exercise and high Body Mass Index anaerobic exercise, 4) differences in the increase in body immunity between low Body Mass Index aerobic exercise and low Body Mass Index anaerobic exercise, 5) the effect of interaction between Body Mass Index with aerobic and anaerobic exercise on increasing body immunity through Physical Fitness Test The research uses an experimental method with 2x2 factorial design. The population of this research is the SPIRITS Sleman Yogyakarta volleyball club. The sample size is 24 athletes. The research data analysis technique used ANOVA. Prerequisite test of data analysis using normality test (Lilliefors test = 0.05) and homogeneity test of variance (Bartlet test = 0.05) The results of the research: 1) There is a difference in the effect between aerobic exercise with an average of 4.016667 and anaerobic exercise with an average of 2.825, on the increase in physical fitness test ability with an average difference of 1.191667. 2) There is a different effect between low BMI with an average of 4.325 and high BMI with an average of 2.516667 on increasing physical fitness test abilities with an average difference of 1.808333. 3) There is a different effect between low BMI aerobic exercise with an average of 5.15 and low BMI anaerobic exercise with an average of 3.5 on increasing physical fitness test ability with an average difference of 1.65. 4) There is a difference between high BMI aerobic exercise with an average of 2.883333 and high BMI anaerobic exercise with an average of 2.15 on the increase in physical fitness test with an average difference of 0.7333333. 5) Interaction between aerobic exercise, anaerobic exercise and BMI 0.656866

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The Relationship Between Physical Fitness, Urine Iodine Status, and Body-Mass Index in 6- to 7-year-old Polish Children

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.21.4.318 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 318-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sylwia Merkiel ◽

Wojciech Chalcarz

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Height ◽

Urinary Iodine ◽

Physical Fitness Test ◽

Iodine Status ◽

Fitness Test ◽

The Relationship ◽

Urine Iodine

The aim of this study was to assess physical fitness in 6- to 7-yr-old children and determine if there is any relationship between children’s physical fitness, their urine iodine status, and their body-mass index (BMI). The studied population included 121 children from southern Poland. Physical fitness was measured using a physical fitness test for children age 3–7 yr. Urinary iodine concentrations were measured in the children’s first urine output on waking using the modified PAMM (Program Against Micronutrient Malnutrition) method. Body height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated. The subjects were characterized by low physical fitness. Boys obtained better results in agility, power, and strength exercises (p ≤ .05). In girls, 11 correlation coefficients between the scores obtained in the physical fitness test, urinary iodine, and anthropometric measures were statistically significant, and in boys, only 2. BMI correlated positively with agility in girls and with strength in girls and boys. Our study revealed low physical fitness in Polish 6- to 7-yr-old children, which shows the need to implement programs aimed at increasing their physical activity. The relationship found between physical fitness and urine iodine status in girls indicates that future research in this area is needed.

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Risk factors for musculoskeletal-related occupational disability among US Army soldiers

BMJ Military Health ◽

10.1136/bmjmilitary-2021-001900 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. bmjmilitary-2021-001900

Author(s):

Daniel R Clifton ◽

D A Nelson ◽

Y S Choi ◽

D B Edgeworth ◽

K J Nelson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Body Mass ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Physical Fitness Test ◽

Musculoskeletal Conditions ◽

Us Army ◽

Fitness Test ◽

Army Soldiers

IntroductionMinimising temporary and permanent disability associated with musculoskeletal conditions (MSK-D) is critical to the mission of the US Army. Prior research has identified potentially actionable risk factors for overall military disability and its MSK-D subset, including elevated body mass index, tobacco use and physical fitness. However, prior work does not appear to have addressed the impact of these factors on MSK-D when controlling for a full range of factors that may affect health behaviours, including aptitude scores that may serve as a proxy for health literacy. Identifying risk factors for MSK-D when providing control for all such factors may inform efforts to improve military readiness.MethodsWe studied 494 757 enlisted Army soldiers from 2014 to 2017 using a combined medical and administrative database. Leveraging data from the Army’s digital ‘eProfile’ system of duty restriction records, we defined MSK-D as the first restriction associated with musculoskeletal conditions and resulting in the inability to deploy or train. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to assess the associations between incident MSK-D and selected risk factors including aptitude scores, physical fitness test scores, body mass index and tobacco use.ResultsAmong the subjects, 281 278 (45.14%) experienced MSK-D. In the MSK-D hazards model, the highest effect size was for failing the physical fitness test (adjusted HR=1.63, 95% CI 1.58 to 1.67, p<0.001) compared with scoring ≥290 points.ConclusionsThe analysis revealed the strongest associations between physical fitness and MSK-D. Additional efforts are warranted to determine potential mechanisms for the observed associations between selected factors and MSK-D.

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Test Items and Standards Related to Body Composition on the Brockport Physical Fitness Test

Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly ◽

10.1123/apaq.22.4.356 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 356-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Francis X. Short ◽

Joseph P. Winnick

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Future Research ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Physical Fitness Test ◽

Fitness Test ◽

Test Items ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Criterion Referenced

This manuscript examines the validity and reliability of the tests used to measure body composition in the Brockport Physical Fitness Test. More specifically, information is provided on skinfold measures and body mass index and their applicability to youngsters with mental retardation and mild limitations in fitness, visual impairment (blindness), cerebral palsy, spinal cord injury, or congenital anomalies or amputations. The rationale for criterion-referenced standards for these test items for youngsters with these disabilities is provided along with some data on attainability of those standards. Possible ideas for future research are recommended.

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Physical fitness test performance probability with increasing age: suggestions for practical applications in military physical training

Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance ◽

10.1590/1980-0037.2020v22e71733 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Author(s):

Felipe Jorge de Medeiros ◽

João Victor Domingos Lourenço ◽

Esteban Aedo-Muñoz ◽

Diego Ignacio Vanenzuela Perez ◽

Marco Antonio Ferreira dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Fitness ◽

Body Mass ◽

Physical Training ◽

Test Performance ◽

Aging Process ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Physical Fitness Test ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Fitness Test ◽

Age Range

Abstract This article analyzes the Physical Fitness Test (PFT) which is performed by the Brazilian Navy to check the physical parameters of its military members in order to present the performance of probabilities with increasing age. We analyzed 702 PFT data in this study, separated into three groups based on the age of those assessed by the PFT, as follows: young adults (YA, n=91, age range between 20-30 years), adults (A, n=243, age range between 30-40 years) and mature adults (MA, n=368, age range between 40-50 years old). PFT measurements were: Body Mass Index (BMI), 100 m freestyle swimming, 3,200 m running, 1 min sit-ups, Pull-up on the bar and Push-up test. The main results indicated significant differences between groups when compared Body mass (YA: 79.1±11.4kg and A: 82.1±14kg < MA: 84.1±12.3kg), BMI (YA: 25.4±2.9 < A: 26.4±4.3 < MA: 27.5±4),Pull-ups (YA: 10.8±4.6 freq./min < A: 10±3.6 freq./min < MA: 8.5±4.7 freq./min), 3,200 m running time (YA: 1282,1±172,4s < A: 1421±199.8s < MA: 1566.7±192.4s) and 100 m swimming time (YA: 140.1±45.6s < A: 149.7±37.9s < MA: 180.8±50s) and the regression analysis demonstrated that 3,200 m running and pull-ups were the most affected variable of aging process (p<0.05). In summary, it is possible to carry out a practical application, considering aging process and the decline of the aerobic capacity and the upper limbs strength-power in Military Physical Training.

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Effects of Aerobic and Anaerobic Fatigue Exercises on Postural Control and Recovery Time in Female Soccer Players

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17176273 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (17) ◽

pp. 6273 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Özkan Güler ◽

Dicle Aras ◽

Fırat Akça ◽

Antonino Bianco ◽

Gioacchino Lavanco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Body Mass ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Body Height ◽

Anaerobic Exercise ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Lower Extremity Injury ◽

Balance System ◽

Balance Ability ◽

Aerobic And Anaerobic

Sixteen female soccer players (age = 20.19 ± 1.52 years; body mass = 56.52 ± 4.95 kg; body height = 164.81 ± 4.21 cm) with no history of lower extremity injury participated in the study. The Biodex SD Balance system was used to determine the non-dominant single-leg stability. In anaerobic exercise, each subject performed four maximal cycling efforts against a resistance equivalent to 0.075 kg/body mass for 30 s with three-minute rest intervals. In aerobic exercise, subjects performed the Bruce protocol on a motorized treadmill. After each exercise, subjects subsequently performed a single-leg stability test and then repeated the same test for four times with five-minute passive rest periods. In accordance with the results, it was found that the impairment observed right after the aerobic loading was higher (p < 0.001) compared to the anaerobic one. However, the time-related deterioration in both aerobic and anaerobic loadings was similar. The B-pre value was lower than Bpost and B5 (p < 0.01) and B10 (p < 0.05) in both conditions. Subjects could reach the initial balance level at B15 after aerobic and anaerobic loadings. The lactate level did not reach resting value even after 20 min of both fatigue protocols. Although the fatigue after aerobic and aerobic exercise negatively affects a single-leg dynamic balance level, single leg balance ability returns to the baseline status after 10 min of passive recovery duration.

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