Vegetation of the north of Russian Far East

2013 ◽  
pp. 48-67
Author(s):  
A. N. Polezhaev
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Mountain Tundra ◽  
The North ◽  
Altitudinal Belts ◽  
Mountain Vegetation ◽  
Vegetation Complexes ◽  
Open Forests

Distribution, configuration of vegetation zones and distribution of altitudinal belts on the North of the Russian Far East are characterized by their peculiarities caused by marginal position of the region on Eurasian continent, surrounding seas influence, altitude of the place. Areas types of vegetation complexes are established on the base of cartometric analysis of data-base of digital geobotanic large-scale map. The main regularities of differentiation of vegetation cover are revealed that are confirmed earlier known data. Types of arctic vegetation complexes are distributed through the whole territory of the region. Correlation between boreal and arctic vegetation complexes are characterized by zonal peculiarities. North-east boundary of boreal vegetation types is the important botanic-geographic frontier. To the south of this frontier wide zone of ecotone is noticed. In this zone forest vegetation types and tundra vegetation existed side by side on the placors habitats. The most distributed types are mountain vegetation type complexes with dominance of stone deserts, tundra siberian dwarf-pine. Vertical differentiation of mountain vegetation territories (taking in account zonalty) is reflected in subsequent change altitudinal belts where vegetation types complexes with dominance lichens mountain stone deserts, mountain tundra, siberian dwarf-pine (Pinus pumila), mountain open forests and larch (Larix cajanderi) and birch (Betula ermanii) forests are represented. Degree of revealing of vertical belts depends not only zonal conditions but also the altitude of the place above sea level, landscape peculiarities. Therefore separate belts, for example, mountain tundra, siberian dwarf-pine can be represented fragmentally. The stripe of ecotone usually can be noticed between alpine and subalpine belts. Vertical vegetation belts are evidently connected with horizontal zones of vegetation cover. In tundra zone 2 altitudinal belts can be noticed – alpine that is represented by lichens stone deserts, and subalpine that is formed mostly by mountain tundra. Mountain siberian dwarf-pine play big role in forest zone in formation of subalpine belt altogether with mountain tundra. Lower on the slopes prostrate shrubs are changed by forest belt (subzone of Larch open forests and forests, subzone of birch open forests and forests) or exist side by side with zonal prostrate shrubs and subarctic tundra (subzone of prostrate shrubs). Zonal vegetation complexes types (inhabit on placors and close to them habitats – plain low watershed areas, not steep mountain slopes, valleys between mountains, terraces near sea shore) are represented by arctic and subarctic tundra, siberian dwarf-pine (Pinus pumila), open forests and Larch (Larix cajanderi) and Birch (Betula ermanii) forests. Mires are dominated among zonal-interzonal vegetation type complexes. Valley forests, shrubs, tundra are distributed quite widely. Transitional structures, for example tundra-bogs are referred to this group of vegetation complexes. Vegetation that is transformed by strong stress factors (mostly natural and anthropogenic) is represented communities of plants formed under influence birds colonies, reindeer grazing, fire places, after technogenic disturbance as well as agricultural phytocoenosis.

U.S.-Russian Relations and the North Korean Crisis: A Role for the Russian Far East?

Asian Survey ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 722-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Clay Moltz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Nuclear Program ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Far East

Because of its energy reserves and long history of economic links with North Korea, the Russian Far East could provide useful incentives needed to help convince Pyongyang to abandon its nuclear program. For this reason, the United States should begin crafting a regionally based strategy that includes Russia.

scholarly journals Rickettsiosis as a critical emerging infectious disease in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-256
Author(s):  
K. Lalchhandama
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Indian States ◽  
The North ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Almost All

Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the order Rickettsiales such as Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Neorickettsia, Rickettsia, and Orientia are the causative agents of infectious diseases collectively known as rickettsioses. Of the different rickettsial diseases, spotted fever and scrub typhus have ravaged India for the past couple of centuries. Specifically called the Indian tick typhus, spotted fever was discovered in India in the latter half of the 19th century. After several decades of dormancy, the disease re-emerged in several parts of India. Scrub typhus, originally discovered in Japan, has been recognised to be endemic to a so-called Tsutsugamushi Triangle, extending from Russian Far East and Korea in the north to northern Australia in the south and Afghanistan in the west, but the geographical description has now been breached. Not only in India, scrub typhus has emerged as the leading infectious disease in all endemic areas. Almost all Indian states have records of recurrent outbreaks. Infection can be of dire consequences, as multi-organ dysfunction and neurological disorder (meningocephalitis) are the common complications. This article discusses the historical background and scientific reports of rickettsioses in India.

scholarly journals THE FORMATION OF THE CONSORTIA RELATIONS OF MOLIPTERYX FULIGINOSA (UHLER, 1860) (HEMIPTERA, COREIDAE) WITH AMBROSIA ARTEMISIIFOLIA IN THE PRIMORSKII KRAI OF RUSSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 90-99
Author(s):  
Elena V. Aistova ◽  
Vitaliy G. Bezborodov ◽  
Tatyana O. Markova ◽  
Mikhail V. Maslov ◽  
Lyubov A. Fedina
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Primorskii Krai ◽  
The North ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Russian Far East

Currently, invasive species spreading is becoming a key problem on the global scale. Scope of invasive species control get solved at governmental level in many countries; hundreds of billions dollars a year are allocated as financial support; global programs are created. For the first time, biological control of invasive species Ambrosia artemisiifolia using an introduced phytophage insect was applied in Russia (former USSR) in the 60-70s years of the 20th century and it remains a unique large-scale example until to nowadays. Ambrosia leaf beetle (Zygogramma suturalis (Fabricius, 1775) was brought to the Russian Far East for biological control of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in the 80-90s years of the 20th century for the first time, however the targeted result was not achieved. At present, Zygogramma suturalis were adapted at the Primorskii Krai in the south of the Far East, but due to climatic conditions its numbers are low and, as a result, the impact on ambrosia is minimal. The search for native insect species with capable of effectively suppressing the spread of aggressive quarantine weed in local conditions remains in the area of focus. At the moment, two species of native leaf beetles have been identified, using Ambrosia as an additional element in the diet. Climate changes and the shift of biogeographic boundaries cause the natural expansion of the areals of some East Asian insect species to the north within the Russian Far East. Bug-edge Molipteryx fuliginosa (Uhler, 1860) is one of such species. Expanding the area to the north and east, the species also corrects trophic preferences. As a result of our research in the south of Primorskii Krai, the trophic relations of Molipteryx fuliginosa were studied in the field conditions and in rearing cages. The same work was carried out in places where Ambrosia artemisiifolia were growing in a great number. For insects observing were used standard methods. As a result, firstly was established and confirmed that the bug-edge uses Ambrosia artemisiifolia as a feed plant only in select developmental stages, including imago. The feeding of larvae of IV – V ages was noted in natural conditions. The long-time Molipteryx fuliginosa development cycle on ambrosia leads to break the course of normal plant ontogenesis and causes wilting of individual organs.

scholarly journals ON BIOLOGY OF SOCKEYE SALMON ONCORHYNCHGUS NERKA FROM THE ZHUPANOVA RIVER (EAST KAMCHATKA)

2018 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
V. F. Bugaev ◽  
I. V. Tiller
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Far East ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
The North ◽  
Salmon Population ◽  
The Mean

Runs and escapements of sockeye salmon to the Zhupanova River have increased since 1985 with the run of 10.63 . 103 ind. instead of 1.45 . 103 ind. in 1960–1984, on average. The increasing was reasoned by change of the pink salmon odd year-classes domination in West Kamchatka to domination of even year-classes after the extremely high escapement in 1983. In 2005–2006, the sockeye salmon stock in the Zhupanova River became even more higher that continues till nowadays (runs of 68.20 . 103 ind. in 2005–2017, on average). This growth corresponds with general increasing of the pacific salmons abundance in the Russian Far East as the result of favorable environmental and feeding conditions in the North Pacific. General biological indices (age, body length and weight, maturity, fecundity) of mature sockeye salmon originated from the Zhupanova River are presented on the data of commercial catches in the sea in 1999–2017. The sockeye salmon population from this river has 11 age groups. The age group 1.3 is the most abundant and associated with the age groups 1.2 and 1.4. Majority of sockeye in the catches from the Zhupanova has the age 1.3 (on average 66.2 % in 1999–2017). Besides, returns of underyearlings with age 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4, and the fish with age 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.2, and 3.3 are detected. The body length and weight are similar for all age groups of sockeye salmon: for males/females the mean length is 57.56/57.70 cm, mean weight is 2.69/2.62 kg. The mean males:females ratio is 44.7 : 55.3. The mean absolute fecundity is 4121 eggs. In opposite of sockeye salmon in some rivers of East Kamchatka, the population of the Zhupanova has no negative year-to-year trend of the body length or weight.

Current knowledge on caddisflies (Trichoptera) in northern Far East Russia

Zoosymposia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 480-492
Author(s):  
IRINA A. ZASYPKINA
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Strong Current ◽  
East Russia ◽  
First Time

Results of caddisfly faunal investigations in the North Russian Far East (NRFE) are summarized based on literature and the author’s data. Up to now, 122 species from 50 genera of 17 families of caddisflies have been found within the territory under study. A general list of caddisflies and their data records in 11 collecting (distributional) areas are presented. New records for 6 species in NRFE are given and Rhyacophila mirabilis (Levanidova & Schmid 1993) is recorded for the first time from continental Asia. Former distributional data for 40 species are refined. The taxonomic diversity and zoogeographical composition of the fauna are analyzed. It is noted that family Limnephilidae predominates in the northern areas.

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