Vera Danilovna Alexandrova — the outstanding Russian geobotanist, the explorer of Arctic vegetation (to the 100th anniversary)

2011 ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Neshataeva ◽  
V. Yu. Neshataev
Keyword(s):  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Vegetation

Last year marked 100 years since the birth of geobotany, bright, talented, erudite scientist, one of the greatest connoisseurs of the vegetation of the Arctic — Vera D. Alexandrova.

Arctic vegetation archive and Classification Workshop, Prague, 30–31 March 2017

2017 ◽  
pp. 124-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Matveyeva ◽  
I. A. Lavrinenko ◽  
O. V. Lavrinenko
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Knowledge Work ◽  
Vegetation Classification ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Vegetation ◽  
Circumpolar Arctic ◽  
The University

The two-day Arctic Vegetation Archive and Classification Workshop, in which twenty-nine individuals (two in absentia) from 9 countries (EU: Czech Republic, Germany, Norway, Slovak Republic, Switzerland, The Netherlands; Russia, USA, Canada) participated, took place at the Czech Academy of Science Building, Prague, Czech Republic, on 30–31 April 2017. An Arctic Vegetation Archive (AVA) is essential for deve­loping an Arctic Vegetation Classification (AVC) and is needed for a variety of international Arctic initiatives that involve Arctic vegetation information. The AVA will gather vegetation and environmental data from approximately 31 000 legacy vegetation plots into a standardized format for vegetation classification and analysis. The primary goal is to develop a stra­tegy for each country to assemble its own archive with common protocols that will later allow the databases to be united into a single AVA using TurboVeg v3 and then use JUICE software to create a Pan Arctic vegetation classification. Several overview and keynote talks set the stage. We reviewed the datasets and plots that are available for each of the floristic provinces in each circumpolar country. Discussions focused on the exchange of data between different database approaches, reflections on the realization of a pan-Arctic vegetation classification, steps still needed to achieve the AVC. At the end of the meeting, the assembled members resolved to accomplish the following within 5 years: – develop a checklist of existing described Arctic vegetation habitat and vegetation types (an Arctic prodromus) according the European Vegetation Classification approach. – develop and use standardized plot-data collection and archiving methods modeled after the European Vegetation Archive and the Alaska Arctic Vegetation Archive. – modify the existing vector-based Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map to a raster-based format with 12.5-km resolution, and incorporate modifications based on new knowledge. – work with the Arctic Data Center (ADC) to develop data-sharing methods and rules for Arctic ve­getation data. – contribute to training a new generation of young professional Arctic botanists and vegetation scientists through international field courses at the University of the Arctic and the Association of Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS). There was understanding of the necessity to deve­lop a funding strategy to secure funds for completing the AVA and AVC. Finally we resolved to meet again at Arctic Science Summit Week 2019 in Arkhangelsk, Russia.

Seeing the tundra for the plants, on the eco-spiritual wholeness of arctic vegetation

2021 ◽  
pp. 003776862110436
Author(s):  
Sveta Yamin-Pasternak ◽  
Igor Pasternak
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Arctic Tundra ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Vegetation ◽  
Plant Interaction ◽  
Tundra Vegetation ◽  
Spiritual Wholeness ◽  
Human World

Drawing on ethnographic field research in Chukotka, Russia, this article explores ideas and practices connected with the Arctic tundra vegetation that speak to its place in Chukchi spirituality and cultural milieu. The ethnographic focus is on a Chukchi remembrance ceremony with other social contexts of human–plant interaction offered as comparative examples. Contributing novel insight for the considerations of sentient landscapes and ceremonial engagements with plants, the article turns to the Chukchi eco-spiritual relationships in the beyond-the-human world. It suggests that the vegetation cover is not merely an assemblage of fungi and plants, but an organismal membrane through which the tundra communicates and acts, while also facilitating integrations between the human and beyond-the-human worlds.

3. Arctic ecosystems

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-62
Author(s):  
Klaus Dodds ◽  
Jamie Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Arctic Ecosystems ◽  
Arctic Vegetation ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

‘Arctic ecosystems’ highlights the treeless landscapes that fringe the Arctic Ocean, in which the diversity of plants is low, nutrient supply is limited, and soil depth is constrained by permafrost. The aim is to capture some of the key characteristics of the Arctic biome in the past and present. How do ecosystems function in the northern high latitudes? How have they responded to the recent environmental change? Arctic vegetation is grouped into twenty-one provinces based on various characteristics including relative uniformity of species and number of endemics. High fluctuation in animal populations is a key feature of the Arctic biome.

Damage and Recovery of Tundra Vegetation

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Webber ◽  
Jack D. Ives
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Vegetation Restoration ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Vegetation ◽  
Tundra Vegetation ◽  
Extent Of Damage

This paper makes a series of broad recommendations concerning the understanding of damage and recovery of tundra vegetation. It deals primarily with arctic vegetation and with principles rather than specific recommendations or instructions for restoration. Actual procedures for restoration or revegetation, although practised, are still in their experimental stages.Despite this lack of established methods in tundra vegetation restoration, much can be done to help offset some of the worst effects of the present surge of economic development that is occurring in certain sectors of the Arctic. First, a rational assessment of types and extent of damage that is likely to accrue from different kinds and degrees of impact should be attempted, based on existing experience and theory. This should be accompanied by similar assessments of degrees and rates of recovery.

scholarly journals Seasonal Dependence of the Effect of Arctic Greening on Tropical Precipitation

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (15) ◽  
pp. 6086-6095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Kang ◽  
Baek-Min Kim ◽  
Dargan M. W. Frierson ◽  
Su-Jong Jeong ◽  
Jeongbin Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transport ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Boreal Winter ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Atmospheric Energy ◽  
Arctic Vegetation ◽  
Tropical Precipitation ◽  
Atmospheric Energy Transport ◽  
Seasonal Dependence

Abstract This paper examines the seasonal dependence of the effect of Arctic greening on tropical precipitation. In CAM3/CLM3 coupled to a mixed layer ocean, shrub and grasslands poleward of 60°N are replaced with boreal forests. With darker Arctic vegetation, the absorption of solar energy increases, but primarily in boreal spring and summer since little insolation reaches the Arctic in boreal winter. The net energy input into the northern extratropics is partly balanced by southward atmospheric energy transport across the equator by an anomalous Hadley circulation, resulting in a northward shift of the tropical precipitation. In contrast, in boreal fall, the slight increase in insolation over the Arctic is more than offset by increased outgoing longwave radiation and reduced surface turbulent fluxes in midlatitudes, from the warmer atmosphere. As a result, the Northern Hemisphere atmosphere loses energy, which is compensated by a northward cross-equatorial atmospheric energy transport, leading to a southward shift of the tropical precipitation in boreal fall. Thus, although Arctic vegetation is changed throughout the year, its effect on tropical precipitation exhibits substantial seasonal variations.

scholarly journals PAVLO STEFANOVICH VORONOV — OUTSTANDING POLAR GEOLOGIST (to the 100th anniversary of birth)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-63
Author(s):  
N.N. Shatalov
Keyword(s):  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
The World ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
First Time

The article is dedicated to the outstanding geologist-polar explorer of the USSR, an outstanding naturalist, doctor of geological and mineralogical sciences, Professor Pavel Voronov in the light of 100th anniversary of his birth celebration. The main stages of the scientist’s life, his achievements in studying the geology of a lot of regions of the Arctic Ocean are considered. The contribution of the scientist to the research of geology, tectonics, geography, geomorphology and glaciology of the southern hemisphere of our planet was especially noted. In the 40th-50th years of the last century P.S. Voronov participated in the work of the first and second Russian expeditions in Antarctica. The scientist carried out reconnaissance geological and geomorphological studies of the observatory area, the Bunger oasis, based on hydrographic measurements from the board of the expeditionary vessel «Ob» and analysis of the configuration of the Antarctic coast, for the first time in the world, he established the existence of coastal faults located around East Antarctica. Numerous flights on IL-12 aircraft allowed P.S. Voronov to explore the mountain ranges of Antarctica along the Antarctic Circle. He clarified the position of the Denman glacier and carried out comprehensive geological, geomorphological and tectonic studies in Antarctica. On various issues of geology, geomorphology, glaciology and tectonics of Antarctica, he published more than 60 scientific papers, many of which are pioneering and have retained their relevance to the present day. Professor P.S. Voronov is widely known in the former USSR and abroad for his research in the field of space and geodynamics, tectonics and planetary geomorphology of the Earth’s continents and sea areas. Scientist has written more than 250 scientific works, including 12 monographs. His main works reveal questions about the patterns of morphometry of the Earth’s global relief, the role of the Earth’s rotational forces, the principles and role of shear tectonics in the structure of the Earth’s lithospheres and terrestrial planets. In 2004, the Cambridge International Biographical Center introduced the name of P.S. Voronov to the collection «Living Legends».

scholarly journals Palynological insights into global change impacts on Arctic vegetation, fire, and pollution recorded in Central Greenland ice

The Holocene ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1189-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra O Brugger ◽  
Erika Gobet ◽  
Thomas Blunier ◽  
César Morales-Molino ◽  
André F Lotter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Vegetation ◽  
Ranunculus Acris

Arctic environments may respond very sensitively to ongoing global change, as observed during the past decades for Arctic vegetation. Only little is known about the broad-scale impacts of early and mid 20th-century industrialization and climate change on remote Arctic environments. Palynological analyses of Greenland ice cores may provide invaluable insights into the long-term vegetation, fire, and pollution dynamics in the Arctic region. We present the first palynological record from a Central Greenland ice core (Summit Eurocore ’89, 72°35’N, 37°38’W; the location of Greenland Ice Core Project GRIP) that provides novel high-resolution microfossil data on Arctic environments spanning AD 1730–1989. Our data suggest an expansion of birch woodlands after AD 1850 that was abruptly interrupted at the onset of the 20th century despite favorable climatic conditions. We therefore attribute this Betula woodland decline during the 20th century to anthropogenic activities such as sheep herding and wood collection in the sub-Arctic. First signs of coal burning activities around AD 1900 coincide with the onset of Arctic coal mining. The use of coal and fire activity increased steadily until AD 1989 resulting in microscopic-size pollution of the ice sheet. We conclude that human impact during the 20th century strongly affected (sub)-Arctic environments. Moreover, ecosystems have changed through the spread of adventive plant species (e.g. Ranunculus acris, Rumex) and the destruction of sparse native woodlands. We show for the first time that optical palynology allows paleoecological reconstructions in extremely remote sites >500 km from potential sources, if adequate methods are used.

scholarly journals Location of studies and evidence of effects of herbivory on Arctic vegetation: a systematic map

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Soininen ◽  
I. C. Barrio ◽  
R. Bjørkås ◽  
K. Björnsdóttir ◽  
D. Ehrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Base ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Ecological Context ◽  
Systematic Map ◽  
Arctic Vegetation ◽  
And Function ◽  
Invertebrate Herbivory

Abstract Background Herbivores modify the structure and function of tundra ecosystems. Understanding their impacts is necessary to assess the responses of these ecosystems to ongoing environmental changes. However, the effects of herbivores on plants and ecosystem structure and function vary across the Arctic. Strong spatial variation in herbivore effects implies that the results of individual studies on herbivory depend on local conditions, i.e., their ecological context. An important first step in assessing whether generalizable conclusions can be produced is to identify the existing studies and assess how well they cover the underlying environmental conditions across the Arctic. This systematic map aims to identify the ecological contexts in which herbivore impacts on vegetation have been studied in the Arctic. Specifically, the primary question of the systematic map was: “What evidence exists on the effects of herbivores on Arctic vegetation?”. Methods We used a published systematic map protocol to identify studies addressing the effects of herbivores on Arctic vegetation. We conducted searches for relevant literature in online databases, search engines and specialist websites. Literature was screened to identify eligible studies, defined as reporting primary data on herbivore impacts on Arctic plants and plant communities. We extracted information on variables that describe the ecological context of the studies, from the studies themselves and from geospatial data. We synthesized the findings narratively and created a Shiny App where the coded data are searchable and variables can be visually explored. Review findings We identified 309 relevant articles with 662 studies (representing different ecological contexts or datasets within the same article). These studies addressed vertebrate herbivory seven times more often than invertebrate herbivory. Geographically, the largest cluster of studies was in Northern Fennoscandia. Warmer and wetter parts of the Arctic had the largest representation, as did coastal areas and areas where the increase in temperature has been moderate. In contrast, studies spanned the full range of ecological context variables describing Arctic vertebrate herbivore diversity and human population density and impact. Conclusions The current evidence base might not be sufficient to understand the effects of herbivores on Arctic vegetation throughout the region, as we identified clear biases in the distribution of herbivore studies in the Arctic and a limited evidence base on invertebrate herbivory. In particular, the overrepresentation of studies in areas with moderate increases in temperature prevents robust generalizations about the effects of herbivores under different climatic scenarios.

scholarly journals Will Current Protected Areas Harbour Refugia for Threatened Arctic Vegetation Types until 2050? A First Assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merin R. Chacko ◽  
Ariane K.A. Goerens ◽  
Jacqueline Oehri ◽  
Elena Plekhanova ◽  
Gabriela Schaepman-Strub
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
The Road ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Arctic Vegetation ◽  
Circumpolar Arctic

AbstractArctic vegetation types provide food and shelter for fauna, support livelihoods of Northern peoples, and are tightly linked to climate, permafrost soils, lakes, rivers, and the ocean through carbon, energy, water, and nutrient fluxes. Despite its significant role, a comprehensive understanding of climate change effects on Arctic vegetation is lacking. We compare the 2003 baseline with existing 2050 predictions of circumpolar Arctic vegetation type distributions and demonstrate that abundant vegetation types with a proclivity for expansion contribute most to current protected areas. Applying IUCN criteria, we categorize five out of the eight assessed vegetation types as threatened by 2050. Our analyses show that current protected areas are insufficient for the mitigation of climate-imposed threats to these Arctic vegetation types. Therefore, we located potential climate change refugia, areas where vegetation may remain unchanged, at least until 2050, providing the highest potential for safeguarding threatened vegetation types. Our study provides an essential first step to assessing vegetation type vulnerability in the Arctic, but is based on predictions covering only 46% of Arctic landscapes. The co-development of new protective measures by policymakers and indigenous peoples at a pan-Arctic scale requires more robust and spatially complete vegetation predictions. This is essential as increasing pressures from resource exploration and rapid infrastructure development complicate the road to a sustainable development of the rapidly thawing and greening Arctic.

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