Medical Pluralism in East and West Europe: A Comparison of People Visiting Alternative/Traditional/Folk Healthcare Practitioners

Using data from International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), the principal aim of this study was to conduct a cross-cultural comparision of medical pluralism in Eastern and Western European countries. In Easterne Europe, a total of 531 (5.5%) respondents reported and alternative/traditional/folk (A/T/F) healthcare practitioner visit during preceding 12 months, the results of the survey showed that in Western Europe, similar visits were reported by 17,881 (11.6%) individuals. In the Western region of Europe, CAM methods either provide a coping strategy for those on low incomes, with limited access to conventional healthcare or an alterantive option for members of the younger generation. However, in the Eastern region, A/T/F practitioners are mostly visited by city dwellers, who have a higher socio-economic status, a relatively high level of trust in physicians. <br>

Medical Pluralism in East and West Europe: A Comparison of People Visiting Alternative/Traditional/Folk Healthcare Practitioners

10.31124/advance.17090900.v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ivan Soucek ◽

Roman Hofreiter

Keyword(s):

Western Europe ◽

Economic Status ◽

Medical Pluralism ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Social Survey ◽

Low Incomes ◽

Using Data ◽

High Level ◽

Trust In Physicians ◽

Using data from International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), the principal aim of this study was to conduct a cross-cultural comparision of medical pluralism in Eastern and Western European countries. In Easterne Europe, a total of 531 (5.5%) respondents reported and alternative/traditional/folk (A/T/F) healthcare practitioner visit during preceding 12 months, the results of the survey showed that in Western Europe, similar visits were reported by 17,881 (11.6%) individuals. In the Western region of Europe, CAM methods either provide a coping strategy for those on low incomes, with limited access to conventional healthcare or an alterantive option for members of the younger generation. However, in the Eastern region, A/T/F practitioners are mostly visited by city dwellers, who have a higher socio-economic status, a relatively high level of trust in physicians. <br>

Religion and Happiness

Social Trends in American Life ◽

10.23943/princeton/9780691133317.003.0011 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Hout ◽

Andrew Greeley

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Religious Affiliation ◽

General Social Survey ◽

The United States ◽

Religious Groups ◽

Social Survey ◽

Religious Rituals ◽

Religious Services ◽

Using Data ◽

This chapter discusses the link between happiness and religion. It draws on meaning-and-belonging theory to deduce that a religious affiliation heightens happiness through participation in collective religious rituals. Attendance and engagement appear key: a merely nominal religious affiliation makes people little happier. Notably, two religious foundations of happiness—affiliation with organized religious groups and attendance at services—have fallen. Softened religious engagement, then, may contribute to the slight downturn in general happiness. In fact, steady happiness is reported among those who participate frequently in religious services, but falling levels among those who are less involved. The chapter also considers the association between religion and happiness outside the United States using data from the International Social Survey Program, an international collaborative survey to which the General Social Survey contributes the American data.

European trade union cooperation, union density and employee attitudes to unions

Transfer European Review of Labour and Research ◽

10.1177/1024258920933118 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 345-358

Author(s):

Bengt Furåker

Keyword(s):

Trade Union ◽

Trade Unions ◽

Union Density ◽

Employee Attitudes ◽

Financial Resources ◽

Social Survey ◽

European Trade ◽

Using Data ◽

European trade unions have much to gain from cooperating with each other. Such cooperation does exist, but it is still fairly limited and many obstacles need to be overcome if cooperation is to be improved. According to our survey data, higher-level union officials regard differences concerning financial resources and national labour market regulations to be particularly substantial barriers to cooperation. The enormously varying union density across Europe, and its general decrease, also creates barriers. Therefore, employee attitudes to unions are examined using data from the International Social Survey Programme. As expected, union members tend to be more positive about trade unions than non-members. The most interesting finding, however, is that employees in some countries with low union density exhibit fairly positive views or at least views that are not less positive than what we find among employees in many countries with higher density rates. This suggests that there is potential for recruiting members.

Conservation motivation, social equality and left-right ideological preferences in Western and Eastern Europe

Europe’s Journal of Psychology ◽

10.5964/ejop.v13i2.1334 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 336-351 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Márton Hadarics

Keyword(s):

Western Europe ◽

Great Part ◽

European Social Survey ◽

Eastern European ◽

Social Equality ◽

Social Survey ◽

Individual Level ◽

Using Data ◽

The Right ◽

The Relationship

We investigated how attitudes towards social equality can influence the relationship between conservation motivation (or openness) and personal ideological preferences on the left-right dimension, and how this relationship pattern differs between Western and Central & Eastern European (CEE) respondents. Using data from the European Social Survey (2012) we found that individual-level of conservation motivation reduces cultural egalitarianism in both the Western European and the CEE regions, but its connection with economic egalitarianism is only relevant in the CEE region where it fosters economic egalitarianism. Since both forms of egalitarianism were related to leftist ideological preferences in Western Europe, but in the CEE region only economic egalitarianism was ideologically relevant, we concluded that the classic “rigidity of the right” phenomenon is strongly related to cultural (anti)egalitarianism in Western Europe. At the same time, conservation motivation serves as a basis for the “rigidity of the left” in the post-socialist CEE region, in a great part due to the conventional egalitarian economic views.

Occupation and the Political Economy of Trade: Job Routineness, Offshorability, and Protectionist Sentiment

International Organization ◽

10.1017/s0020818317000339 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 71 (4) ◽

pp. 665-699 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Erica Owen ◽

Noel P. Johnston

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Trade Openness ◽

Social Survey ◽

Job Tasks ◽

Occupational Characteristics ◽

Advanced Economies ◽

Using Data ◽

Trade Preferences ◽

AbstractThe recent backlash against globalization in many advanced economies raises questions about the source of this protectionist sentiment. Traditional accounts generally attribute the welfare consequences of trade to skill level or industry characteristics, or instead emphasize the nonmaterial determinants of support for openness. Consequently, we know little about how a major labor market characteristic—occupation—shapes both the distributional consequences of and preferences toward trade openness. We propose and test a new theory of trade policy preferences based on occupation characteristics. Drawing from the tasks literature in economics, we argue that occupation characteristics are a key determinant of how trade affects workers and thus individuals' trade preferences. Our theory suggests that, in advanced economies, individuals in routine-task-intensive occupations will be negatively affected by trade, and thus more protectionist. This relationship will increase in the degree to which occupation job tasks can be provided from a distance (i.e., offshorable). We find support for our theory using data from the 2003 and 2013 International Social Survey Programme in high-income democracies. Our results suggest that the occupational characteristics of routineness and offshorability are important determinants of trade preferences, offering additional understanding of the sources of protectionist sentiment even after controlling for labor market characteristics suggested by conventional wisdom.

The radical right, the labour movement and the competition for the workers’ vote

Economic and Industrial Democracy ◽

10.1177/0143831x18780317 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 65-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Nadja Mosimann ◽

Line Rennwald ◽

Adrian Zimmermann

Keyword(s):

Working Class ◽

Western Europe ◽

European Social Survey ◽

Radical Right ◽

Social Survey ◽

Labour Movement ◽

Non Union ◽

Radical Right Parties ◽

Using Data ◽

Better Than

This article analyses the capacity of radical right parties to attract support from union members in recent elections in Western Europe. It is argued that unionized voters resist the appeals of the radical right better than non-union members. Using data from the European Social Survey 2010–2016, the article shows that union members are overall less likely to vote for the radical right than non-union members. Even though it is found that unionized working-class and middle-class voters are less likely to vote radical right than their non-unionized peers in the pooled sample, it is also observed that these subgroups of unionized voters and especially unionized working-class voters are not immune to radical right voting in all the countries analysed. The article thus indicates a growing capacity of the radical right to attract unionized working-class segments of the electorate in some countries and to directly compete with left parties for these voters.

Nation-level Gender Inequality and Couples' Income Arrangements

10.31235/osf.io/nd6rb ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Joanna R. Pepin ◽

Philip N. Cohen

Keyword(s):

Gender Equality ◽

Gender Inequality ◽

National Level ◽

Married Couples ◽

Social Survey ◽

Cohabiting Couples ◽

Money Manager ◽

Couples Treatment ◽

Using Data ◽

Using data from the 2012 International Social Survey Program (n = 8,269), this study investigated how couples integrate and manage their income across 20 countries with varying degrees of gender inequality. Couples were more likely to report that one person managed the shared pot of money in countries with high gender inequality compared with couples in more gender equal countries. This pattern was not moderated by within-couple earnings equality. We found a cohabitation—marriage gap in income arrangements that is largest where national-level gender equality is high. In more gender equal contexts, married couples were more likely to pool and manage their money together, whereas a larger proportion of married couples assigned one money manager in countries with less gender equality. Cohabiting couples were more likely to keep some money separate than to take-up a pooled, jointly managed approach in more gender equal countries. Findings demonstrate the need to consider both management and pooling dimensions of couples’ treatment of money to understand the influence of contextual factors on couples’ income arrangements.

Hidden religious aspects of job satisfaction and work attitudes: The differences between Eastern and Western Europe

Acta Oeconomica ◽

10.1556/032.2020.00038 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 593-613

Author(s):

Kamila Fialová ◽

Andrea Beláňová

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Western Europe ◽

Religious Affiliation ◽

Work Attitudes ◽

Social Survey ◽

Attitude Measurements ◽

Religious Aspects ◽

Eastern And Western Europe ◽

AbstractThis paper examines the links between religion and job satisfaction. Its concern is to compare Eastern and Western Europe. We use the 2015 International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) data covering both non-religious individuals and individuals affiliated to a religious denomination. While the Western European countries generally report significantly higher levels of job satisfaction compared to their Eastern counterparts, we test the hypothesis that religion also shows differentiated effects on job satisfaction and work attitudes. Our results indicate that religion has no significant effect on job satisfaction in either of the regions. In the West, religious affiliation has an influence on a larger variety of work attitude measurements compared to those in the East. In both regions, workers who regularly attend religious services would enjoy work significantly more even if they did not need money, consider high income as less important, and consider helping other people, contact with other people, and having a job useful to society as more important.

Three-Stage Transitional Theory: Egalitarian Gender Attitudes and Housework Share in 24 Countries

Frontiers in Sociology ◽

10.3389/fsoc.2021.700301 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

Author(s):

Man-Yee Kan ◽

Kamila Kolpashnikova

Keyword(s):

Demographic Transition ◽

Division Of Labour ◽

Gender Attitudes ◽

Second Demographic Transition ◽

Social Survey ◽

Using Data ◽

International Social ◽

Over Time

How does the association between gender attitudes and housework share vary across countries and time? We examine the second demographic transition as it unmasks in the association between gender attitudes and housework participation. Using data of the 2002 and 2012 International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) for 24 countries, we find that the association between gender attitudes and housework share became stronger over time in most countries, signifying that the Second Demographic Transition was in place. The results also show that the association varied across the 24 countries, reaching an equilibrium in many but at different stages. Our findings suggest that equilibria in the domestic division of labour take various forms and paces in the ISSP countries.