scholarly journals REGULATION OF CEREAL EMBRYONIC ORGANOGENESIS IN VITRO CONDITIONS

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
N.N. Kruglova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Zygotic Embryogenesis ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Biological Phenomenon ◽  
Organogenesis In Vitro ◽  
Cereal Embryos ◽  
Plant Embryogenesis

The article provides the brief review of the literature and own works devoted to the peculiarities of the cereal embryonic organogenesis at the early stages of ontogenesis in the conditions of in vitro culture (the so-called somatic embryogenesis, or embryoidogenesis in vitro). Particular attention is paid to the issues of hormonal regulation of the development of somatic cereal embryos from initial cells to mature structures in vitro. A comparison of somatic embryogenesis in vitro with similar events in zygotic embryogenesis in vivo confirms the validity of the principle of universality of morphogenesis processes in vivo and in vitro (Batygina, 2014). The prospects of using somatic embryogenesis in vitro as a model for studying the most complex biological phenomenon – zygotic plant embryogenesis in vivo – are discussed.

scholarly journals Ontogeny of Grape Somatic Embryos

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 587c-587
Author(s):  
D.J. Gray ◽  
K.A. Labeau ◽  
C.M. Benton
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Zygotic Embryogenesis ◽  
Culture Vessel ◽  
Embryogenic Cell ◽  
Meristem Development

The development of grape somatic embryos (Vitis vinifera cv. Thompson Seedless) was studied using high-resolution light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Somatic embryos develop either from discrete embryogenic cell clusters (indirect somatic embryogenesis) or from previously formed somatic embryos (direct somatic embryogenesis). In both instances, embryo development begins when a small, isodiametric, densely cytoplasmic cell undergoes a series of organized divisions, which are identical to those observed during zygotic embryogenesis. Developing embryos pass through recognizable embryonic stages, remaining white and opaque through maturity. Upon germination, embryos begin to enlarge, become yellow, then green, and develop into morphologically correct plants. The cells of somatic embryos contain little starch, but abundant storage proteins. However, lipids comprise the primary storage compound. Some developmental abnormalities occur during embryogenesis, including overly enlarged hypocotyls and fewer or more than two cotyledons. In addition, relatively few somatic embryos grow into plants primarily due to inadequate shoot apical meristem development. These abnormalities are best attributed to inadequacies of the in vitro environment of medium in a culture vessel when compared to the in vivo environment of a seed.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy and Dental Plaque: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Santin ◽  
D. S. B. Oliveira ◽  
R. Galo ◽  
M. C. Borsatto ◽  
S. A. M. Corona
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Quality Assessments

Background. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature on the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDTa) on cariogenic dental biofilm.Types of Studies Reviewed. Studiesin vivo,in vitro, andin situwere included. Articles that did not address PDTa, those that did not involve cariogenic biofilm, those that used microorganisms in the plankton phase, and reviews were excluded. Data extraction and quality assessments were performed independently by two raters using a scale.Results. Two hundred forty articles were retrieved; only seventeen of them met the eligibility criteria and were analyzed in the present review. Considerable variability was found regarding the methodologies and application protocols for antimicrobial PDTa. Two articles reported unfavorable results.Practical Implications. The present systematic review does not allow drawing any concrete conclusions regarding the efficacy of antimicrobial PDTa, although this method seems to be a promising option.

Hormonal regulation of canine intestinal cholesterol synthesis

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (4) ◽  
pp. G274-G280
Author(s):  
M. W. Goodman ◽  
W. F. Prigge ◽  
R. L. Gebhard
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Nucleotides ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Ileal Mucosa ◽  
Control Activity

Hormonal regulation of intestinal cholesterol synthesis was studied both in vitro and in vivo. Cholesterol synthesis rate was determined by measurement of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (EC 1.1.1.34) activity and by incorporation [14C]acetate into sterol. In vitro studies utilized organ culture of canine ileal mucosa. During 6-h culture, reductase activity was stimulated sevenfold. Insulin (10-6 M) augmented this rise to 144 +/- 7% of th control activity, while 10(-8) M glucagon, 10(-3) M adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine suppressed activity (final reductase activity was 83 +/- 3%, 75 +/- 4%, and 41 +/- 3%, respectively, of cultured control values). In vivo studies utilized dogs with isolated Thiry-Vella ileal fistulas. In vivo, insulin doubled reductase activity while glucagon led to a 42 +/- 9% suppression. It is concluded that insulin and glucagon may be potential physiological regulators of intestinal cholesterol synthesis. The glucagon effect may be mediated by cyclic nucleotides.

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of Cold Atmospheric Plasma in Implantology: A Review of the Literature

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Lai Hui ◽  
Vittoria Perrotti ◽  
Flavia Iaculli ◽  
Adriano Piattelli ◽  
Alessandro Quaranta
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Air Plasma ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Air Abrasion ◽  
Cold Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Osteoblast Activity

In recent years, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) technologies have received increasing attention in the field of biomedical applications. The aim of this article is to review the currently available literature to provide an overview of the scientific principles of CAP application, its features, functions, and its applications in systemic and oral diseases, with a specific focus on its potential in implantology. In this narrative review, PubMed, Medline, and Scopus databases were searched using key words like “cold atmospheric plasma”, “argon plasma”, “helium plasma”, “air plasma”, “dental implants”, “implantology”, “peri-implantitis”, “decontamination”. In vitro studies demonstrated CAP’s potential to enhance surface colonization and osteoblast activity and to accelerate mineralization, as well as to determine a clean surface with cell growth comparable to the sterile control on both titanium and zirconia surfaces. The effect of CAP on biofilm removal was revealed in comparative studies to the currently available decontamination modalities (laser, air abrasion, and chlorhexidine). The combination of mechanical treatments and CAP resulted in synergistic antimicrobial effects and surface improvement, indicating that it may play a central role in surface “rejuvenation” and offer a novel approach for the treatment of peri-implantitis. It is noteworthy that the CAP conditioning of implant surfaces leads to an improvement in osseointegration in in vivo animal studies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review of the literature providing a summary of the current state of the art of this emerging field in implantology and it could represent a point of reference for basic researchers and clinicians interested in approaching and testing new technologies.

scholarly journals Perinatal expression of IGFBPs in rat lung and its hormonal regulation in fetal lung explants

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (6) ◽  
pp. L1174-L1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Koenraad Van De Wetering ◽  
Robert H. Elfring ◽  
Marja A. Oosterlaken-Dijksterhuis ◽  
Jan A. Mol ◽  
Henk P. Haagsman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Developmental Regulation ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Rat Lung ◽  
Igf Binding Proteins ◽  
Igf System ◽  
Explant Cultures ◽  
Igfbp 3

To gain more insight into the regulation of the expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins (IGFBPs) in the lung, the developmental patterns of the abundance of the mRNAs encoding IGFBPs were measured in the perinatal rat lung and in explant cultures of fetal rat lung. In hormone-free explant cultures, the levels of the mRNAs encoding IGFBP-2 through -5 changed with a pattern similar to that occurring in vivo (although in the case of IGFBP-3 to -5 at a faster rate), indicating that the developmental regulation of the expression of these IGFBPs in perinatal lung is mimicked in the explants. For the IGFBP-6 mRNA level, the pattern in vitro differed from that in vivo. In the explant cultures, dexamethasone decreased the production of IGFBP-3 and -4 and decreased the abundance of the mRNAs encoding IGFBP-2 to -5 but increased the abundance of IGFBP-6 mRNA. These observations indicate that glucocorticoids may be involved in the developmental regulation of the expression of these components of the IGF system and that the IGF system may be involved in the physiological effects of glucocorticoids on lung development. No appreciable effects of 3,3′,5-triiodothyronine on the expression of the IGFBPs were observed.

Hormonal Regulation of Cotton Fibre Elongation in Gossypium arboreum L. in vitro and in vivo

1989 ◽  
Vol 185 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsh Nayyar ◽  
Kuljit Kaur ◽  
A.S. Basra ◽  
C.P. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Cotton Fibre ◽  
Gossypium Arboreum

Ultrastructure of nasal mast cells in normal subjects and patients with perennial allergic rhinitis

1991 ◽  
Vol 105 (12) ◽  
pp. 1006-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Drake-Lee ◽  
Jaqueline Price
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Perennial Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
House Dust Mite Allergy ◽  
Mite Allergy ◽  
Dust Mite

AbstractThe ultrastructure of mast cells from the nine normal inferior turbinates were compared with those found in eight patients with perennial allergic rhinitis due to house dust mite allergy. Forty-six mast cells from normal patients were found in forty blocks and eighty cells were found in thirty-three blocks in patients with perennial allergy suggesting an increase of mast cell numbers in perennial allergy. There were no basophils outside the blood vessels and whole mast cells were found only in the submucosa. There was no difference in the morphology of cells of different sizes. Mast cells were more degranulated in the allergic mucosa. Degranulation, irrespective of cell size was found at all depths of the mucosa. A review of the literature covered the in vivo and in vitro descriptions of the ultrastructural morphology of human mast cells in the respiratory tract.

scholarly journals Developmental changes of catalase and superoxide dismutase isoenzymes in zygotic and somatic embryos of horse chestnut

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 909 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bagnoli ◽  
M. Capuana ◽  
M. L. Racchi
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Zygotic Embryo ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Zygotic Embryogenesis ◽  
Native Page ◽  
Cat Isoforms

Catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), two of the major antioxidant enzyme systems, were examined by native PAGE at different stages of zygotic and somatic embryogenesis of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.). During both zygotic and somatic embryogenesis, CAT and SOD specific activities increased, but electrophoretic analysis revealed remarkable differences in the isoenzyme patterns. Two CAT isoforms were differentially present during zygotic embryogenesis. The transition from the fast to the slow migrating form occurred in July, approximately 2 months after pollination. In contrast to zygotic, the two isoforms were continuously detectable during somatic embryo-genesis. In fact, with the exception of the callus stage, in which only one form was present, both of the CAT isoforms are equally active during the somatic embryo development. Unlike CAT, all SOD isoenzymes, one Mn-SOD and five Cu/Zn-SODs, were present during all the stages of zygotic embryo formation, but only Mn-SOD and an Fe-SOD were detected during somatic embryogenesis. These results suggest the occurrence of oxidative stress conditions during in vitro culture which, in horse chestnut, could account for the difficulties observed in the development of the somatic embryo into a plantlet.

scholarly journals Current Proteomic and Metabolomic Knowledge of Zygotic and Somatic Embryogenesis in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11807
Author(s):  
Janet Juarez-Escobar ◽  
Esaú Bojórquez-Velázquez ◽  
Jose M. Elizalde-Contreras ◽  
José A. Guerrero-Analco ◽  
Víctor M. Loyola-Vargas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Zygotic Embryogenesis ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Current State ◽  
Scale Regeneration ◽  
State Of Research

Embryogenesis is the primary developmental program in plants. The mechanisms that underlie the regulation of embryogenesis are an essential research subject given its potential contribution to mass in vitro propagation of profitable plant species. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) refers to the use of in vitro techniques to mimic the sexual reproduction program known as zygotic embryogenesis (ZE). In this review, we synthesize the current state of research on proteomic and metabolomic studies of SE and ZE in angiosperms (monocots and dicots) and gymnosperms. The most striking finding was the small number of studies addressing ZE. Meanwhile, the research effort focused on SE has been substantial but disjointed. Together, these research gaps may explain why the embryogenic induction stage and the maturation of the somatic embryo continue to be bottlenecks for efficient and large-scale regeneration of plants. Comprehensive and integrative studies of both SE and ZE are needed to provide the molecular foundation of plant embryogenesis, information which is needed to rationally guide experimental strategies to solve SE drawbacks in each species.

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