scholarly journals On Proto-Slavic Oath Formulas

Slovene ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-26
Author(s):  
Jasmina Grković-Major
Keyword(s):  
Prepositional Phrase ◽  
Embodied Experience ◽  
Target Domain ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Conceptual Apparatus ◽  
Cultural Codes ◽  
Embodied Realism ◽  
Semantic Compositionality ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Core Meaning

This paper deals with Slavic oath formulas containing the phrases ‘stand firm’ and ‘hold firm’, found mostly in peace treaties. The analysis carried out on the rich corpus of Old Serbian charters written in the vernacular and followed by a comparison with the data from Old Russian. The research is an attempt to reconstruct their possible Proto-Slavic structure, both linguistic and conceptual. After presenting the relevant data, the author reconstructs the following Proto-Slavic formulas: * stojati tvrьdo / krěpьko vь / na klętvě ( kъ) komu ‘stand firm in / on the oath toward someone’, * drьžati tvrьdo / krěpьko klętvǫ ( kъ) komu ‘hold firm the oath toward someone’. Both Serbian and Russian charters show lexical variations in the prepositional phrase and in the adverbial modifier of the formulas, which testify to their semantic compositionality. The etymology of their basic lexical constituents (* stojati, * drьžati, * tvrъdo, * krěpьko) indicates that ‘immobility, firmness’ is their core meaning, * drьžati ‘make immobile > hold’ being just a transitive version of * stojati ‘be immobile > stand’. The concrete, physical concepts ‘stand’ and ‘hold’ were mapped into the target domain of the abstract ones (> ‘exist’ and ‘keep, have’). They represent the embodied experience and speak in favor of Embodied Realism. Indo-European parallels show that ‘stand’ and ‘hold’ belong to some of the basic Indo-European (although not just Indo-European) conceptual metaphors, having a deep cultural motivation. These notions were so deeply rooted into the conceptual apparatus that they survived the change of cultural codes, becoming an integral part of the oath in Christian times. As time went by, they were secularized and reduced to phraseological units. They still exist today, even with the same lexical constituents as in the medieval charters, e.g. Serb. držati X ( reč, obećanje, veru), Russ. sderžat’ X ( dannoe slovo, kljatvu), stojat’ na X = tverdo deržat’sja X ( ubeždenija, mnenija).

scholarly journals Unsupervised Domain Adaptation via Discriminative Manifold Embedding and Alignment

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (04) ◽  
pp. 5029-5036
Author(s):  
You-Wei Luo ◽  
Chuan-Xian Ren ◽  
Pengfei Ge ◽  
Ke-Kun Huang ◽  
Yu-Feng Yu
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Manifold Learning ◽  
Domain Adaptation ◽  
Global Approximation ◽  
Target Domain ◽  
Learning Framework ◽  
Unsupervised Domain Adaptation ◽  
Manifold Embedding ◽  
Rich Information ◽  
The Rich

Unsupervised domain adaptation is effective in leveraging the rich information from the source domain to the unsupervised target domain. Though deep learning and adversarial strategy make an important breakthrough in the adaptability of features, there are two issues to be further explored. First, the hard-assigned pseudo labels on the target domain are risky to the intrinsic data structure. Second, the batch-wise training manner in deep learning limits the description of the global structure. In this paper, a Riemannian manifold learning framework is proposed to achieve transferability and discriminability consistently. As to the first problem, this method establishes a probabilistic discriminant criterion on the target domain via soft labels. Further, this criterion is extended to a global approximation scheme for the second issue; such approximation is also memory-saving. The manifold metric alignment is exploited to be compatible with the embedding space. A theoretical error bound is derived to facilitate the alignment. Extensive experiments have been conducted to investigate the proposal and results of the comparison study manifest the superiority of consistent manifold learning framework.

scholarly journals Formation of skills of working with cultural codes in classes in philological disciplines

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Sergei A. Golubkov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fantastic Literature ◽  
Conceptual Apparatus ◽  
Cultural Codes ◽  
Postgraduate Studies ◽  
Cultural Code ◽  
Narrative Techniques

The article deals with the formation of skills of working with cultural codes in the process of teaching literary disciplines in bachelor's, master's and postgraduate studies. The author proceeds from the modern understanding of the cultural code as an integral concept, which includes a large number of interrelated elements (mythological archetypes, ideologems, intertextuality phenomena, behavioral stereotypes). The interest in this problem is relevant. The totality of cultural codes is the symbolic capital of nations, social groups, and generations. From a scientific point of view, the use of the concept of a unique writer's code is very productive. A great artist of the word passes on a certain creative code as a baton to subsequent writer's generations a unique system of artistic signs (quotes, characters, keywords, plot schemes, genre models, narrative techniques, etc.), recognized by both readers and writers-followers. There are such personal cultural codes as Gogol's, Leskovsky's, Chekhov's, and Dostoevsky's code. The cultural code is usually implemented in a literary text in both explicit and implicit forms. These are satirical and humorous works, associative lyrical prose, alternative historical and quasi-documentary texts, and fantastic literature. The very presence of hidden semantics and complex intertextual references sets the reader the task of adequate creative decoding of the work. Literary works created with the use of cinematic code (editing effects, freeze-frame, detail enlargement, visual dynamics) are also difficult to decipher. The article deals with the choice of literary disciplines that have large resources for the purposeful study of cultural codes. The assessment of the means of identifying the cultural code in a literary text is given. Attention is paid to developing an accurate understanding and targeted use of the system of concepts that each discipline has. This is due to the difficult metamorphoses in our era of the philological thesaurus due to the development of the sometimes contradictory conceptual apparatus of relatively autonomous foreign-language literary scientific systems. In the process of deepening the knowledge of such a conceptual apparatus, undesirable eclecticism should be avoided. The main result of such work is seen by the author of the article in the gradual acquisition of all the knowledge, skills and abilities that allow students to find the optimal balance between the practice of scrupulous concrete analysis of a particular literary text and a holistic vision of the cultural era and the literary process as a large-scale dynamic system.

Poor and Hidden Among the Rich and Not So Rich

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (49) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Berliner
Keyword(s):  
The Rich

VISUAL REPETITION OF EDUCATIONAL INFORMATION AT SCHOOL AND UNIVERSITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
О. V. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Educational Material ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Mathematical Statistics ◽  
Crossword Puzzle ◽  
Conceptual Apparatus ◽  
Knowledge Types ◽  
Educational Information

The article discusses one of the stages of the educational process with the use of modular visualization that is systematization and synthesis of educational material. Various forms of visual repetition when studying the discipline “Theory of Probability and Mathematical Statistics” for undergraduate students who study non-mathematical profiles are presented. The concept of modular visualization is revealed, all types of each of the presented forms of visual repetition are described: through the conceptual apparatus (types: crossword puzzle, mathematical dictation, work with definitions, classification of concepts), transformation of knowledge (types: reference summary, proof of theorems, work with formulas, dictionary knowledge), by means of large-modular supports (types: table, flowchart, graph-diagram). Examples of each type of visual repetition of educational information on the discipline “Theory of Probability and Mathematical Statistics” developed by SMART Notebook and HTML are given. The technology of constructing various forms of visual repetition is presented schematically.

Institutional Theory of Endless Redistribution

2005 ◽  
pp. 4-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sonin
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
Economic Institutions ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Private Protection ◽  
The Rich

In unequal societies, the rich may benefit from shaping economic institutions in their favor. This paper analyzes the dynamics of institutional subversion by focusing on public protection of property rights. If this institution functions imperfectly, agents have incentives to invest in private protection of property rights. The ability to maintain private protection systems makes the rich natural opponents of public protection of property rights and precludes grass-roots demand to drive the development of the market-friendly institution. The economy becomes stuck in a bad equilibrium with low growth rates, high inequality of income, and wide-spread rent-seeking. The Russian oligarchs of the 1990s, who controlled large stakes of newly privatized property, provide motivation for this paper.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document