Mapowanie teorii. Geobiografia teorii literatury fantastycznej w Polsce — propozycja badawcza i dwa studia przypadku

In the article the project of mapping the theories of fantastic literature in Poland is going to be presented. Methodology proposals have been completed by microanalyses of selected examples. It is of our conviction that the advancement of theoretical studies on the fantastic allows for introducing some arrangements, specifically in terms of reconstructing the mechanisms and conditions for building up the knowledge. We make use of the emergence theory focusing on repeatedness of accidental occurrences in, for instance, transferring and grounding notions or quite opposite in disqualifying particular scientific concepts and aiming at the strength of personal (biographical, geographical) conditions and idiosyncrasy in forming critical discourses on the fantastic phenomenon. The theory frame of the project is set up mainly by the concepts resulted from the spatial turn in the humanities. The arrangements of occurrences and cases made in the Polish theory of the fantastic are in reference to the concept of cultural geography, cultural mobility, migration studies and biographical materialism. It is proposed to benefit from derived therefrom the methods for data development, one of them the map. It is postulated also to identify the, so called, “lineages”, that is the theoretical and literary approaches to the fantastic,viewed in terms of long-term structures [longue durée] (it is mentioned in the article aimed at the study of the case dealing with the reception of literary works and theoretical studies of S. Grabiński via A. Hutnikiewicz). In turn, the study on cultural mobility (adaptation, reinterpretation, transferring, translation of particular approaches and concepts in the fantastic theory) will demonstrate the directions, speed and potentials in spreading the theory, for instance foreign ones in Poland and Polish abroad, respectively (it is emphasized in the study on the case of the reception of the T. Todorov via S. Lem fantastic theory). Finally it is of great interest to look into nomadic biographies (geographically and intellectually) of Polish fantastic literature theorists. It is proposed to reinforce in the studies not only the issue of human factor but also the material (artefacts, places) and the institutional (e.g. journals, universities) ones in determining communicative memory of particular theories of fantastic literature.

Rekonstrukcja historii Tristana i Izoldy w „Maladie” Andrzeja Sapkowskiego w kontekście postmodernistycznych tendencji literatury fantasy

The second half of the twentieth century was the time of the most dynamic development of fantasy, which places this genre in the space of postmodern poetic. One of the first Polish authors utilizing this type fictional setting was Andrzej Sapkowski. His short story, Maladie, should be treated as a manifesto of the form and function of this kind of fantastic literature. This paper aims to follow the structure of the story in relation to the intertextuality category, including the retelling strategy, but also distinguishes features of postmodern texts: being a scriptible and above that world-building, literary character of the text and metatextuality. By following the relation between Sapkowski’s short story and Joseph Bédier’s novel, it is possible to illustrate the standpoint of the Polish author regarding the essence of fantasy and bring closer narrative tools used in his prose.

(Anty)bohaterowie w gąszczu aluzji. Poetyka powieści fantastycznej w "Słowodzicielce" Anny Szumacher

In the article, I analyze Anna Szumacher’s novel Słowodzicielka as a metatextual work, talking about the conventions and traditions of fantastic literature. I begin by discussing the ontological status of the novel’s characters, their mismatch with the heroic pattern established in the tradition, and I define them as anti-heroes. Then I go on to discuss the intertextual strategies presented in the novel. I end my analysis with a discussion of the morphology of genres change in Słowodzicielka.

Інтермедіальні коди у творах болгарських фантастів ХХ–ХХІ ст

The article is dedicated to the study of the intermedial codes in the fantastic works written by the Bulgarian writers of the 20th-21st centuries. Intermediality as a form of interconnectedness of different types of art is challenging for literature research. The aim of the article is to study the interaction of verbal and audio (music), verbal and visual (pictorial art, architectural models), verbal and performing/synthetic (cinema, theatre) arts. The object of the research is the Bulgarian fantastic literature of the 20th-21st centuries, where the subject is codes of intermediality. The method of intermedial studies proves to be fruitful for this type of research work. As a result, it is stated that the variants of ekphrasis (picture-ekphrasis, urboekphrasis, oikoekphrasis, musical ekphrasis), “ekphrastic transition” and the interaction of verbal and audio, verbal and visual, verbal and synthetic arts are implemented in the Bulgarian fantastic literature of the 20th-21st centuries.

Formation of skills of working with cultural codes in classes in philological disciplines

The article deals with the formation of skills of working with cultural codes in the process of teaching literary disciplines in bachelor's, master's and postgraduate studies. The author proceeds from the modern understanding of the cultural code as an integral concept, which includes a large number of interrelated elements (mythological archetypes, ideologems, intertextuality phenomena, behavioral stereotypes). The interest in this problem is relevant. The totality of cultural codes is the symbolic capital of nations, social groups, and generations. From a scientific point of view, the use of the concept of a unique writer's code is very productive. A great artist of the word passes on a certain creative code as a baton to subsequent writer's generations a unique system of artistic signs (quotes, characters, keywords, plot schemes, genre models, narrative techniques, etc.), recognized by both readers and writers-followers. There are such personal cultural codes as Gogol's, Leskovsky's, Chekhov's, and Dostoevsky's code. The cultural code is usually implemented in a literary text in both explicit and implicit forms. These are satirical and humorous works, associative lyrical prose, alternative historical and quasi-documentary texts, and fantastic literature. The very presence of hidden semantics and complex intertextual references sets the reader the task of adequate creative decoding of the work. Literary works created with the use of cinematic code (editing effects, freeze-frame, detail enlargement, visual dynamics) are also difficult to decipher. The article deals with the choice of literary disciplines that have large resources for the purposeful study of cultural codes. The assessment of the means of identifying the cultural code in a literary text is given. Attention is paid to developing an accurate understanding and targeted use of the system of concepts that each discipline has. This is due to the difficult metamorphoses in our era of the philological thesaurus due to the development of the sometimes contradictory conceptual apparatus of relatively autonomous foreign-language literary scientific systems. In the process of deepening the knowledge of such a conceptual apparatus, undesirable eclecticism should be avoided. The main result of such work is seen by the author of the article in the gradual acquisition of all the knowledge, skills and abilities that allow students to find the optimal balance between the practice of scrupulous concrete analysis of a particular literary text and a holistic vision of the cultural era and the literary process as a large-scale dynamic system.

Play a Trick and Get a Queen: “Divine Tricksters” in Ancient Korea (and Beyond)

The issue of trickster in old Korean literature has yet to be discussed in a broadly comparative way in a scientific context. Using a structuralist approach, this article addresses the anthropological theme of the “divine trickster” in some stories from ancient Korea and the ancient West. In particular, by examining three famous episodes from Korean folklore alongside three cases from Western fantastic literature, this article investigates the strategies aimed at acquiring the feminine element as represented by high-ranking foreign women. Starting with the hunting mentality of prehistoric society, where man tries to prevail with intelligence over his prey, the article reviews literary episodes from different anthropological contexts (Indo-European societies, Semitic societies of the Near East, and ancient Korean society), underlining their similarities and differences, but always highlighting and emphasizing the presence of a divine trickster. Ultimately, together with the common denominator of the progressive masculinization of the various societies, we note a more passive role of women in the Korean stories, which appear to be of more recent codification than their Western counterparts, and therefore seem more inspired by cultural patterns of patriarchal orientation.

ANALYSIS OF FICTIONAL SPACES IN CINEMA FILMS ADAPTED FROM FANTASTIC LITERATURE IN TERMS OF SIMILARITY

The aim of this research is to analyze and reveal the fictional spaces of the movies called “Hobbit” adapted from fantastic English literature in terms of similarity. In this context, the concepts of space, interior and fictional space were examined and then all these concepts were discussed together with fantasy fiction. “Hobbit” literary work and movies, which are considered as an example of fantasy fiction genre, were examined and comparisons were made through the tables. As a result, it has been seen that there are intense overlaps between the book descriptions of the work and the movie locations in terms of similarity. Keywords: Fictional space, fantasy fiction, interior design, cinema, English Literature, adaptation

DESCRIPTION OF THE MENTAL STATE OF THE HERO IN THE WORKS OF RAY BRADBURY AND KHODJIAKBAR SHAIKHOV

The investigation of psyche problems in terms of artistic analysis of the study of psychology, artistic understanding of the complexity, contradictions, invisible mysteries of heroes’ state of mind, has always been attractive to study in the world literature. It is essential to reveal and solve problems associated with the confusion and boundless breadth of the subconscious, literary and poetic peculiarities, the specific features of the initial stage of fantastic literature development, the perfection of the directions of social, philosophical, fiction, the emergence of dystopia, apocalyptic, post-apocalyptic, steampunk or pro-punk, turbo-realism, post-cyberpunk, alternative directions of fiction, which are the basis of the psychoanalytic teachings of the twentieth century. In the field of research of the phenomenon of psychologism as a scientific and theoretical problem in world literature, it should be noted that, since the image of a person is in the center of fiction, the conducted research is aimed at revealing his/her spiritual world, describing uncontrolled evolutions in his/her inner world, studying the capabilities of the individual. In particular, special attention is paid to the development of scientifically based ideas about the problems associated with the appearance of psychologisms in fantastic works, their artistic tasks to reveal the character of the hero, the spiritual world of the writer in an artistic image, his spiritual worldview, his philosophical views on the world and a person. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the concept of artistic psychologism in the works of Ray Bradbury and Khodjiakbar Shaikhov, to reveal the creative skills of writers in presenting the heroes’ psychology in their fantastic works in the context of a comparative typological study. The object of the research deals with the study of such problems disclosure heroes’ spiritual world, the direct or indirect depiction of the psychology of characters in the context of the artistic interpretation of universal values in works of Ray Bradbury and Khodjiakbar Shaikhov’s using the method of comparative typological analysis. The subject of this research is the concept of artistic psychologism in Ray Bradbury and Khodjiakbar Shaikhov’s works. The methods of structural analysis, comparative-historical, comparative-typological, psychological and biographical methods have been used for the research.

Una ripetizione straniante

Repetition and estrangement The fixed idea in a tale of I. U. Tarchetti The article aims to investigate the process of estrangement through the tale La lettera U, by Iginio Ugo Tarchetti. By adopting the point of view of a madman, Tarchetti stages an estrangement that affects the entire discourse of the character. The fixed idea, a symptom of monomania (the psychiatric definition of this type of delirium at the time) gives rise to a narrative device with a strong alienating potential, able to highlight the differences between the notion of Šklovskij's ostranenie and estrangement as presented in fantastic literature.