scholarly journals Save or Spend? Western and Eastern Economic Discourses in Russian Fiction of the 19th Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-45
Author(s):  
Hans Günther ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Nineteenth Century Literature ◽  
Economic Discourse ◽  
Special Position ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Century Literature

According to Max Weber, protestant ethics with its active secular asceticism had a decisive impact on the development of capitalist economics whereas the contemplative Orthodox tradition did not favor the idea of active domination of the world. The economic discourse of the Russian nineteenth century literature reflects the widely spread discussion about the future of Russia, which, compared to advanced Western capitalism, was in the position of periphery. On the one hand, authors are aware of the fact that the adoption of certain Western economic concepts is inevitable in Russia, yet on the otherhand they fear the loss of cultural identity. Gogol and Goncharov, the authors of such famous works as The Dead Souls or Oblomov, are inclined to approve certain elements of capitalist economy – they will be treated under the catchword «economize» –, whereas the idea of anti-economic «spending» of money is characteristic of Dostoevsky´s novels such as The Gambler or The Adolescent. A special position may be ascribed to Tolstoy’s economic «minimalism» which has its roots in peasant ideas of natural economy and Western authors like Proudhon or Rousseau.

Beyond Two Cultures

2015 ◽  
pp. 400-415
Author(s):  
Alice Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Literature And Science ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Nineteenth Century Literature ◽  
Victorian Studies ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Traffic Models ◽  
The One ◽  
Century Literature

As some of the key arguments of literature and science studies have become widely accepted and adopted by Victorian studies at large, it is necessary to reconsider a number of methodological issues underpinning the historicist study of literature and science in this period. This essay discusses some of the methodological challenges which face the field in a changing research landscape. The essay asks what, if anything, distinguishes nineteenth-century literature and science studies from other existing and potential interdisciplinary historicist approaches. It outlines and critiques some of the key models used in this field, especially the ‘one culture’ and ‘two-way traffic’ models, and explores two fundamental problems in the explanatory procedures of literature and science studies: problems of analogy and causation.

scholarly journals ‘Get the Best Article in the Market’: Prostheses for Women in Nineteenth-Century Literature and Commerce

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Sweet
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
British Army ◽  
Card Holder ◽  
Nineteenth Century Literature ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
The One ◽  
Century Literature

In 1822, George Webb Derenzy, a former captain in the British army, published a volume titled Enchiridion: Or, A Hand for the One-Handed. The text highlighted what Derenzy called his ‘One-Handed Apparatus,’ a collection of twenty instruments that he had made after losing his arm in the Napoleonic Wars. Designed to ease his daily routines of washing, eating, writing, and socializing, Derenzy’s inventions included, among other items, an egg cup that tilted in any direction and a card-holder that fanned out and folded up for easy transportation. This chapter examines Derenzy’s motivations for publishing the Enchiridion; the responses he received from readers around the globe; and the presuppositions about gender and class that ultimately constrained his consumer appeal and profit. Derenzy chose to publish, not patent, his contraptions due to his charitable desires to share them with others with lost limbs. His focus on using his prostheses to reclaim aspects of his social respectability and manly independence that his impairments seemed to threaten, however, ended up alienating poor, middling, and female patrons and limiting his success as an entrepreneur and a philanthropist. Perhaps due to these marketing missteps, Derenzy experienced the plight of many physically-impaired people during the period; unable to profitably labour, he sustained a steady descent into poverty.

scholarly journals Eesti- ja Liivimaa libahundipärimus rahvapärase ontoloogia muutumise peegeldajana

Mäetagused ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 71-88
Author(s):  
Merili Metsvahi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article gives a short overview of the Estonian werewolf tradition in the 16th and 17th centuries and a glimpse into the 19th–20th-century werewolf beliefs. The image of werewolf of the earlier and later periods is compared. The differences between the images of these two periods are explained with the help of the approaches of Tim Ingold and Philipp Descola, which ground the changes in the worldview taking place together with the shift from the pre-modern society into modernity. The mental world of the 16th–17th-century Estonian and Livonian peasant did not encompass the category of nature, and the borders between the human being and the animal on the one side and organism and environment on the other side were not so rigid as they are in today’s people’s comprehension of the world. The ability to change into a wolf was seen as an added possibility of acquiring new experiences and benefits. As the popular ontology had changed by the second half of the 19th century – the human mind was raised into the ultimate position and the animal was comprehended as being inferior – the transformation of a man into an animal, if it was seriously taken at all, seemed to be strange and unnatural.

Museography of the Guanche mummies from Necochea ( Argentina)

1970 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Candelaria Rosario Adrian ◽  
Mercedes Del Arco Aguilar ◽  
Del Carmen Del Arco Aguilar ◽  
Mercedes Martin Oval ◽  
Rafael Gonzales Anton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anatomical Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Museum Exhibitions ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Museum Practice ◽  
Material Evidence ◽  
Public Exhibition

The acquisition of two Guanche mummies restituted to Tenerife from Necochea (Argentina), has made possible our study of the specimens from the perspective of museum exhibitions. The specimens belonged originally ton the old collection of the Casilda Museum (Tacoronte, Tenerife), and were sold to Argentinean businessmen during the 19th century who moved them to Argentina. The body of at least one of the mummies was adapted in several parts so as to present the image of a mummified body. This was a nineteenth century museum practice observed in various parts of the world in order to adapt mummified bodies for public exhibition. The material evidence in this particular case can be observed from anatomical data (the skeleton belongs to two individuals of different sex), and from the use of modern materials totally foreign to Guanche culture.

scholarly journals Moda e literatura no Brasil: considerações sobre o léxico do século XIX / Fashion and Literature in Brazil: Considerations on the 19th Century Lexicon

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Vivian Orsi ◽  
Marciele Cristina Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Machado De Assis ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Jose De Alencar ◽  
The 19Th Century

Resumo: A moda, com sua própria linguagem, transmite a identidade de um indivíduo e/ou grupo em determinada sociedade e época, portanto, pode ser entendida como forma de comunicação entre o sujeito e o mundo que o cerca. Nesta pesquisa, propõe-se o estudo do léxico da moda do século XIX no Brasil baseado nas teorias da Lexicologia e na Moda; fazendo uma análise sobre os itens lexicais que se refiram às vestimentas encontradas em Memórias póstumas de Brás Cubas, de Machado de Assis (1994) e Lucíola, de José de Alencar (1988). Os resultados das reflexões permitem a compreensão da dinâmica social da sociedade da época e do estabelecimento da língua portuguesa brasileira independente da variedade continental.Palavras-chave: léxico; moda; literatura; século XIX.Abstract: Fashion, with its own language, establishes a group identity within the society and the period in which it is set. Moreover, it is a way of communication between an individual and the world around them. This research aims at the study of the lexicon of nineteenth-century fashion in Brazil, based on the theories of Lexicology and Fashion, on a collection of lexical items referring to clothes found in Memórias póstumas de Brás Cubas (The Posthumous Memoirs of Bras Cubas), Machado de Assis (1994), and Lucíola, José de Alencar (1988). The results of the reflection leave room for understanding of the social dynamics of the society of the time and of the establishment of the Brazilian Portuguese language independent from the continental variety.Keywords: lexicon; fashion; literature; 19th century.

Między poczuciem wyższości cywilizacyjnej a autoidentyfikacją, między rasą a narodem. Polska i Chiny w drugiej połowie XIX wieku

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (3 (462)) ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Anna Kołos
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Darwinism ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
The World ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
European Civilization

The article discusses, on the one hand, three stages of developing views about race and superiority of European civilization reflected in the second half of the 19th century in aggressive social-Darwinism of positivists, and on the other it confronts racial generalizations with nation-centered thinking, which played an extremely important role in identity discourse of the Poles. On the example of China and the Siberian-Chinese borderland, it can be noticed that perception of geography and the ethnic diversity in the world through the prism of great historiosophical and racial constructions is manifested in quite widespread adaptation of orientalizing language of the hegemon speaking about backwardness, lack of maturity for modernization and definite supremacy of Europe, while resistance to the oppression of the partitioners, and more broadly to the colonial policy of the European powers allows in Poland, contemptuously called Halb-Asien, like in the case of Indians and Boers, creating a kind of auto-colonial identification with the seemingly “exotic” nation.

Conrad and the American Empire

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-333
Author(s):  
Debra Candreva
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Joseph Conrad ◽  
The Other ◽  
American Empire ◽  
Nineteenth Century Literature ◽  
American Imperialism ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Heart Of Darkness ◽  
The One ◽  
Century Literature

Joseph Conrad offers some of the most notoriously contested writing on imperialism in nineteenth-century literature. In this article, I use two of his stories (“An Outpost of Progress” and Heart of Darkness) to argue that his critique of imperialism is as relevant today as it was in his own time.Conrad's critique of imperialism is twofold. First and most simply, he condemns it as an economically exploitative endeavor. Second, and more importantly, he rejects the “idealistic” claim often invoked to justify imperialism as the bearer of progress, enlightenment, and other supposedly universal liberal values. This second critique causes Conrad the most difficulty, largely because his rejection of idealism is only partial. I argue that the most controversial aspects of his work are manifestations of a philosophical struggle between universalistic idealism on the one hand, and relativistic skepticism on the other. In this, Conrad contends with a problem that historically has challenged both liberalism and its conservative critics alike. Moreover, it continues to challenge both perspectives today, particularly in the debate over so-called American imperialism.

scholarly journals La propaganda comercial como transmisora de elementos identitarios: Algunos ejemplos de la ephemera murciana a principios del siglo XX

Imafronte ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
José Miguel López Castillo
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Visual Representations ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Siglo Xx

Uno de los apartados menos tratados de las representaciones visuales de Murcia ha sido el de la ephemera comercial. Por tal motivo, dado su uso limitado y efímero, en muchas ocasiones no se le ha considerado como un apartado estimable en la historia del arte. Pero lo cierto es que las etiquetas de fábricas de conservas, frutas, licores y otros establecimientos, desde los últimos años del siglo XIX y la primera mitad del XX, en base al diseño difundieron los elementos identitarios más significativos de este territorio por toda España y el resto del mundo. En la mayoría de casos, la marca publicitaria estaba basada en estampas e imágenes del Costumbrismo romántico murciano que ya se habían consolidado durante el ochocientos para la demanda social de esa corriente; en otros casos se fueron adaptando a los nuevos criterios estéticos del siglo XX. Finalmente, esta forma de publicitar cada producto ayudó a patentar la denominación de origen de diversas empresas de varios sectores, principalmente agroalimentarias, y al mismo tiempo a su asimilación con esta región levantina gracias a sus hitos arquitectónicos, la huerta o sus tipos populares. Esta última premisa es la que abordaremos dentro de este estudio al contrastarlas con otras representaciones anteriores. One of the less treated sections of the visual representations of Murcia has been the comercial ephemera. For this reason, given its limited and fleeting use, it has often not been considerated as a valvable section in the history of art. But the truth is that the labels of canning factories, fruits, liquors and other establishments, from the last years of the 19th century based on the design spread the most significant identity elements of this territory throughout Spain and the rest the world. In the majority of cases, the advertising brand was based on prints and images of Murcian romantic costums that had already been consolidated during the 19th century for the social demand of this currens, in other cases they were adapted to the new aesthetic criteria of the 20th century. Finally, this way of advertising each product helped to panted the denomination of origin of various companies, mainly agry-food, and at the same time to assimilate it with this southeast region thanks to its architectural landmarks, the orchard or its popular types. This last premise is the one we will address within this study when contrasting them other previous representations.

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